if虚拟语气 .docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情形，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。虚拟语气的考点：1. 条件句中的虚拟语气的用法。2. 条件句中虚拟语气的倒装。3. 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法。4. 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法。5. 虚拟语气时态的判定。一、 If 引导的虚拟条件句区分：If it rains tomorrow ， the crops will be saved.陈述语气If it rained tomorrow， the crops would be saved.虚拟语气真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状

2、语从句真： eg . If he doesn t hurry up, he will miss the bus.假如他不快点，他将错过巴士。 真实条件状语 不是虚拟语气If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.假如他是闲暇的，他会要求我讲故事。真实条件状语 不是虚拟语气非真： eg. If I were you, I would go at once.假如我是你，我马上就会去。非真实条件状语从句二、虚拟语气在条件从句中：【例句】 1.If you had come a few minutes earlier ，you would have me

3、thim.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。与过去事实相反2. If it were sunny tomorrow ，i would come to see you.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。与将来事实可能相反3. If i were you， i would go at once.假设我是你的话，我会马上走。 与现在事实相反，事实上我不行能是你主从句的谓语形式时间现在If 从句的谓语形式did/were主句的谓语形式Would/could/should/might+V.原原过去had doneWould/could/should/mig

4、ht+have+p.p1.did/were将来2.should doWould/could/should/might+V.原3.were to do一与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反的情形，例 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.假如我是你，我会带把伞。事实：我不行能是你2. If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.假如我知道他的号码，我就会告知你。 事实：不知道3. If there were no air or water, there would be no living

5、 things on the earth.假如没有水和空气，的球上就不会有生物。事实：的球上既有空气也有水 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.假如我带钱了，我就会借给你些。事实：没带钱5.If he studied harder, he might passthe exam.假如他再努力些，就能通过考试了。事实：没有努力If+主+didwere ，主+would/should/could/might+动词原形可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结二与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句例： 1. If I had got th

6、ere earlier, I should/could have met her.假如我早到那儿，我就会见到她。事实：去晚了2. If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.假如他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。事实：没有听我的话If+主+had done sth，主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式 have done三表示对将来情形的主观估量例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/wouldtalk to him. 假

7、如他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。事实：来的可能性很小2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.假如下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。事实：不知能否下雪3. If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 假如她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告知她这件事的始末。If+主+didwere to/should do ，主 +would/should/could/might+动词原形在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓

8、语动词常用虚拟语气，should 动词原形 构成， should 可省略。（四）有时， 主句和条件状语从句的谓语动作假设不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.假如我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 假如他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的

9、动作与过去事实不符。如： If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结假如他今日有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。I f he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他熟识她的话，他确定会去问候她了。从句的动作与过去发生的情形相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情形相反。 如： If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.假如天不下太多

10、的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.要是他始终努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。（五） if 虚拟句的倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时， if 可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序 ， 即 将were, should, had等 词 置 于 句 首 ， 这 种 多 用 于 书 面 语 。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were

11、 she here, she would agree with us. 假如她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.假如她懂一些电脑学问的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。假如条件状语中有were ， had， should 时，可以倒装成： were/should/had+主+其他If i were you ， i would try it again.假如我是你，我会再试一次。Were i you,If he had been there yesterday ， he

12、 would have seen the film.Had he been there yesterday, If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldn t go out.Should it snow tomorrow, 六 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来， 这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情形下， 条件会暗含在短语中， 如 without可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结, ., but for , .等But for his help, we would be working now. 要不

13、是他的帮忙，我们仍会在工作了。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didn t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的号码，否就我们就会给他打。（七）有时， 虚拟条件句中，主、 从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种猛烈的感情。省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have pa

14、ssed this exam. 你应当能通过这次考试了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。1.the exam ， he would have attend a college.A.If he passedB.Had he passedC.Were he passedD.If he should pass2.five minutes earlier ， you could have seen them off.A.If you should arriveB.If you arriv

15、eC.Had you arriveD.Should you arrive翻译句子：1. If 假如明天不下雨的话 , we will go to the zoo. 2 假如你生病了 , you must see the doctor.3. You ll have to have a rest假如你感到累4. 假如我们训练海豚, they perform tricks.5. Parrots repeat words假如你教他们 6. 假如老虎住在野外, they will hunt for their own food .7. If you do not hurry up,. 你会上学迟到 .可

16、编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结练习以及解析1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish Ithe book from which it was made.A. have readB. had readC. should have readD. are reading 2.Youare late. If youa few minutes earlier, youhim.A. come; would meetB. had come; would have metC. come; will meetD. had come; would meet 3.

17、The two students talked as if theyfriends for years.A. should beB. would beC. have beenD. had been5.He looked as if heill for a long time.A. wasB. wereC. has beenD. had been7.I wish that Iwith you last night.A. wentB. could goC. have goneD. could have gone9.I cant stand him. He always talks as thoug

18、h heeverything.A. knewB. knowsC. has knownD. had known 10.the fog, we should have reached our school.A. Because ofB. In spite ofC. In case ofD. But for11. If you had told me in advance, Ihim at the airport.A. would meetB. would had metC. would have metD. would have meet12. Mike can take his car apar

19、t and put it back together again. I certainly wish heme how.A. teachesB. will teachC. has taughtD. would teach16. He suggested that theyuse a trick instead of fighting.A. shouldB. wouldC. doD. had17. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that hethere.A. not wentB. won t goC. not goD

20、. not to go 19.Would you rather Ibuying a new bike.A. decided againstB. will decide againstC. have decidedD. shall decide against可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结20. Youlook so tired tonight. It is high time you.A. go to sleepB. went to sleepC. go to bedD. went to bed21. Why didn t you buy a new car.I would

21、have bought one if Ienough money.A. hadB. have hadC. would haveD. had had 22.If she could sew,.A. she make a dressB. she would have made a shirtC. she will make a shirtD. she would had made a coat 24.His doctor suggested that hea short trip abroad.A. will takeB. would takeC. takeD. took25. The Baker

22、sarrived last night. If they d only let us know earlier,at the station.A. we d meet themB. well meet themC. wed have met themD. weve met them26. If Iyou, Imore attentionto English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall payB. am; will payC. would be; would payD. were; would pay 27.We might have failed if y

23、ouus a helping hand.A. have not givenB. would not giveC. had not givenD. did not give28.The law requires that everyonehis car checked at least once a year.A. hasB. hadC. haveD. will have 29.It is strange that heso.A. would sayB. would speak C. should sayD. will speak30.Had I known her name, A. or do

24、es she know mine.B. and where does she live.C. she would be beautiful.D. I would have invited her to lunch.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结翻译句子：1. it doesnt rain tomorrow2. If you are ill3. if you feel tired4. If we train dolphins5. if you te ach them6. If tigers live in the wild7. you will be late for scho

25、ol15 BBDD6 10 DAD11 15 CD16 20 ACAD21 25 DBCCC2630 DCCCD31 35 DDCCB36 40 DCACD解析：1. wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。2. 条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。3. as if 后面假如表示真实情形就不用虚拟。5.as if 后面是真实情形，不虚拟。7.could have done 表示“原先可以” 。9. as if 表示不行能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。本句 as though 后面是与现在相反的虚拟语气所以用 一般过去时 .10. but for 表示“

26、要不是的话” ，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。11. in advance 表示“事先” ，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。12. wish 的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。16. suggest 后面的宾语从句用sb. should do 的形式。17. suggest 后面的从句用sb. should do 的形式， should 可以省略。19. would rather 的宾语从句用sb. did 的形式。20. It is time 后面的定语从句用sb. did 的形式。Its time + that时， that 可省略， time 可由high,about 修饰，从句中的谓

27、语动词有两种形式，或者用动词的过去式be 用 were; 或者用shoud + 动词原形should 不能省略 。此句型为虚拟语气句型， 表示“现在某人该做某事了” 。21. 第一个 had 是过去完成时，其次个had 表示“有”。22.would have done 是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。24.suggest 后面的从句用sb. should do 的形式， should 可以省略。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结25. 表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。26. 在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be 动词都要用 were 的形式。27. 表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。28. require 后面的从句用 sb. should do 的形式， should 可以省略。29. It is strange that 是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do 的形式。30. had I known 是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载