9考研英语试题及答案 .docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结英语试卷2021 年全国硕士讨论生入学统一考试可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Section IUse of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 10 pointsResearch on animal intelligencealways makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1the fru

2、it- fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer psiece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5out, is a

3、high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow6the starting line because it depends on learning a gradual 7 instead of instinct. Plentyof other species are able to learn, and one of the things they ve appa8re.ntly learned is when toIs there an adaptive value to 9intelligence.

4、That s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10at all the species we ve left in the du-wstisI.eQ, .it implicitly asks what the real 11of our own intelligence might be. This is 12the mind of everyanimal I ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also

5、 makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16the limitsinconclusive.1. A SupposeB ConsiderC ObserveDImagine2. A

6、 tendedB fearedC happenedDthreatened3. A thinnerB stablerC lighterDdimmer4. A tendencyB advantageC inclinationDpriority5. A insists onB sums upC turns outDputs forward6. A offB behindC overD along7. A incredibleB spontaneousCinevitableDgradual8. A fightB doubtC stopofour patience, our faithfulness,o

7、ur memoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is.18 , they would hope to study a 19question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in. 20the results are可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结D think9. A invisibleB limitedC indefiniteD

8、 different10. A upwardB forwardC afterwardD backward11. A featuresB influencesC resultsD costs12. A outsideB onC byD across13. A deliverB carryCperformD apply14. A by chanceB in contrastC as usualDfor instance15. A ifB unlessC asD lest16. A moderateB overcomeC determineD reach17. A atB forC afterD w

9、ith18. A Above allB After allC HoweverDOtherwise19. A fundamentalB comprehensiveC equivalentD hostile20. A By accidentB In timeC So farD Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark you

10、r answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 pointsText1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxingintothe unconscious comfortoffamiliarroutine.“ Notchoice, but habitrules the unreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaid in the 19th century. Inthe ever-changin

11、g 21st century, even the word“ habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely

12、 new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don t bother trying to kill off old habits。 once those ruts of procedure are worn into thehippocampus, they re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways

13、that can bypass those old roads.“ The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova,author of“ TheOpen Mind ” and an executive change consultantforProfessionalThinking Partners.“ But we are taught instead to decide, just as our president calls himself可编辑资料 - - -

14、 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结She adds, however, that “ todecide is to kil l off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born

15、 with the capacity to approach challenges in fourprimary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally or collaboratively and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade

16、or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “ Thisbreaks themajor rule in the American belief system that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan,author of

17、the 2006 book“ This Year I Will.” and Ms. Markova s business partner.“ Tha that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowingwhat you regood at and do ingeven more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA.

18、 casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23. ” ruts” in line one, paragraph 3 has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova s comments suggest

19、 that the practice of standard testing.A, prevents new habits form being formed B, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking model D, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could

20、be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative minds Text 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal fatherly wisdom or at least confirmthat hetshe kid dsad. Allhe needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit

21、PTK at his local drugstoreand another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available withoutprescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officerof Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen com

22、panies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use tofindtheirbiologicalrelatives and latest rage amany passionate genealogists-and supports businesses t

23、hat offer to search for a family s geographic roots .Most tests require collectingcells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to thecompany for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结But some observers are skeptical, “ Thereis a kind

24、 of false precision being hawked bypeople claimingthey are doing ancestry testing,s”ays Trey Duster, a NewYorkUniversitysociologist. He notes that each individualhas many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a fewcenturies back. Yetmost ancestry testing onlyconsiders a single lineage, either the

25、 Ychromosome inherited through men in a father s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed downonly from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great- grandparents or, four gen

26、erations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the referencecollections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don t rely on da collected systematically but rather lump together information from differen

27、t research projects.This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26. In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text sho

28、ws PTK s.Aeasy availability Bflexibility in pricingC successful promotionD popularity with households27. PTK is used to. Alocate one s birth place Bpromote genetic researchC identify parent-child kinshipD choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to. Atr

29、ace distant ancestorsB rebuild reliable bloodlinesC fully use genetic informationD achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is. Adisorganized data collectionB overlapping database buildingC excessive sample comparisonB lack of patent evaluatio

30、n30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be. AFors and Againsts of DNA testingB DNA testing and It s problems CDNA testing outside the labD lies behind DNA testing Text 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economi

31、sts and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies 。however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结promoting rapid econ

32、omic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers i

33、n all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically,the firstevidence for this idea appeared in the UnitedStates. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U

34、.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the p

35、roductivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.Morerecently, whileexaminghousing construction,the researchers discoveredthat illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexicanworkersin Houston, Texas, consistentlymet best- practice labor productivity

36、 standards despite the complexityof the building industry s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development. We have tosuspect that continuingeconomic growthpromotes the development of education even whengovernments don t force it. After all, thatw educationgost hstoart

37、ed. When our ancestors werehunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn htave time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Onlywhen humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity s productivity potential, they

38、could in turn afford moreeducation. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex politicalsystems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political cha

39、nges that maybe possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn tconstrain the ability of the deve loping world s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why educat

40、ionisn t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries .A is subject groundless doubtsB has fallen victim of biasC is conventional downgradedD has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a

41、 new education system. Achallenges economists and politiciansB takes efforts of generationsC demands priority from the governmentD requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that.A the Japanese workforce is better disciplinedB the Japanese workfor

42、ce is more productive Cthe U.S workforce has a better education可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结D the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged.A when people had enough timeB prior to better ways of finding foodC when people on longer went

43、 hungD as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education.A results directly from competitive environmentsB does not depend on economic performanceC follows improved productivityD cannot afford political changes Text 4The most thoroughly studied in th

44、e history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century NewEngland. Accordingto the standard historyof American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “ Somuch important attached to intellectual pursuits ”Accordingto many books and articles, New England le

45、saders established the basic themes and preoccupations ofan unfolding,dominant Puritantraditionin Americanintellectual life.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritansological the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结innovationsand theirdistinctivei

46、deas about the church-importantsubjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, wemay consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massac