新版新目标英语八级上册-知识点总结2.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备Unit1 Where did you go on vacation.短语go on vacation 去度假be on vacation 度假stay at home 待在家里go to the mountains 去爬山go to the beach去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp 去参观夏令营quite a few 相当多study for 为而学习 go out 出 去 most of the time大部分时间taste g

2、ood 尝起来很好吃have a good time 玩得兴奋of course 当然可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb 出.示某物给某人看可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结feel like 给的感觉。感受到feel like doing sthgo shopping 去购物 in the past 在过去 walk around 四处走走 because of 由于a/one bowl of 一 碗 the next day 第 二 天 drink tea 喝 茶 find out 找出。查明 go on

3、 连续 take photos 照相something important 重要的事up and down 上上下下come up 出来不定代词有all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, a few, a little, both, enough, every等，以及由some, any,no 和 every 构成的合成代词 即 somebody, anyone, nothing 等。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，

4、但是代词none 以及由some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而no 和every 就只用作定语。复合不定代词： 由 some，any，no，every 加上-body,-one,-thing 构成的不定代词， 叫做复合不定代词。somebody = someone某人something 某物，某事anybody = anyone任何人anything 什么事物 / 任何事物 / 无论什么事物nobody = no one 没有人，不重要的人nothing 没有东西，什么也没有 ;不重要的人或事everybody = everyone每人

5、,人人,全部人everything 每一个事物，一切词组： for nothing 白费，没有好结果 / 免费，nothing but 仅仅/ 只不过 ，Its nothing. 不用谢，不必在意 anybody else别人（ 1）复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句子中作主语、 宾语和表语， 而不能作定语。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Everything is made of elements任.何东西都是元素构成的。 （作主语）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I have nothing to say toady我.今日没什么可讲的。（作宾语）可编辑资料 -

6、 - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Thats nothing.没什么。（作表语）（ 2）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（ 3）代替与-thing 构成的复合不定代词，用it 。代替与-body, -one 构成的复合不定代词，一般用they，在正式文体中可用he。如： Everyone knows what they have to do, dont they？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Everyone knows what he has to do, doesn是吗？t he . 每个人都知道他必需做什么，不可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结（ 2）somet

7、hing 和 anything 的区分与 some 和 any 的区分一样，前者一般用于确定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告知你。 （确定句）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Someone is asking to see you 有.人要见你。（确定句）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -

8、可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备Has anything happened ？出什么事了吗？（疑问句）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结We cant decide anything now我.们现在不能作什么打算。（否定句）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结If you want anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。 （条件状语从句）（ 3）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，形容词或不定式等须放在它们的后面。 There is

9、nothing wrong with the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。 （形容词） This is something special.这是种特殊的东西。（形容词）Is thereanythingimportantin todays newspaper.今日报纸上有什么重要消息吗？（形容词）Do you want anything to drink .你想喝点什么吗？If there is anything I can do for you , please tell me. 假如有什么我能帮你的 ,请告知我。除与 -thing 构成的复合不定代词外，即 everyone、ever

10、ybody、someone， somebody 都有全部格形式。当其后有 else 时，s 要加在 else 后面。如： That must be somebody elses coat; it isnt mine. 那肯定是别人的外衣，不是我的。 everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody,只指人，不能与 of 短语连用。every one,any one 可指人也可指物，肯定要与of 连用才可以。如： Is anybody here. You can take any one of these.你可以任凭拿一个。与 some-，any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与s

11、ome, any 的用法相同。与any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中，notany-构成完全否定， 但没有 any-not 的说法。与 some-构成的复合不定代词用于确定句、预料作确定回 答的疑问句、建议或恳求的疑问句中【巧记复合代词分合】 ：分合皆能单独用，后加of 合不成。【巧学不定代词】：不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏。单数动词作谓语，何时何的都一样。buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝 起来look+adj. 看起来smell 闻起来sound 听起来feel感觉起来tastedeliciouslookb

12、eautifulsmellterriblesoundwonderfulfeel comfortable /tired / bored/nothingbut+动词原形除了之外什么都没有seem+（to be）+ adj.看起来No one seemed to be bored. seem to do sth.arrive in+大的点/ arrive at+小的点到达某的decide to do sth.打算去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事/ try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.遗忘做过某事 / forget to do sth. 遗忘做某

13、事enjoy doing sth.喜爱做某事dislike doing sth. 不喜爱做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事start doing sth.开头做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事keep doing sth.连续做某事keep on doing sth. 反复做某事有小停留Why not do. sth.为什么不做了？so+adj.+that+从句如此以至于it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说做怎么样tell sb. not to do sth.告知某人（不要）做某

14、事ask sb. not to do sth. 要求某人可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备（不要）做某事want sb. not to do sth. 想要某人（不要）做某事1. anywhere 与 somewhere两者都是不定副词。anywhere在任何的方， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can t find i

15、t anywhere. somewhere在某处，到某处，常用于确定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容词看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、似乎做某事I seem to have a coldI seems / seemed + 从句看起来似乎。似乎.It seems that no one believe you.seem like.似乎，似乎.It seems like a god idea.3. decide to do sth.打算做某事They decide to

16、 visit the museum. decide + 疑问词+ 动词不定式He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth.开头，可与 begin 互换 。He started doing his homework.但以下几种情形不能用begin .1) 创办，开办：He started a new bookshop last month.2) 机器开动：I cant start my car.3) 动身，动身：I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词，多于，超过，

17、在以上（表示数目、程度）= more than My father is over 40 years old.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与under相反。There is a map over theblackboard.超过：I hear the news over the radio.遍及：I want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much太多，修饰不行数名词，修饰动词作状语。We have too much work to

18、do.Dont talk too much. Much too太，修饰形容词或副词。The hat is much too big for me.You re walking much too fast.辨论三者的口诀：too much, much too, 用法区分看后头：much 后接不行数，too后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of介词短语，由于，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 连词，由于，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的缘由或理由。I do

19、nt buy the shirt because it was too expensive.Unit2 How often do you exercise.help with housework 帮忙做家务on weekends在周末how often 多久一次hardly ever 几乎从不once a week 每周一次twice a month 每月两次every day 每天be free有空go to the movies 去看电影use the Internet 用互联网swing dance 摇摆舞 play tennis 打网球可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学

20、习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备stay up late 熬夜。睡得很晚at least 至少have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early 早点睡觉play sports 进行体育活动be good for 对有好处sb. spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时间be bad for 对有坏处

21、sb. spend time / money on sth. 在某方面花费时间 / 金钱be good with 与友好相处sb. spend time /money in doing sth.在做某事上花费时间 / 金钱be good at sth./ doing sth 善于某事 / 做某事be friendly with sb.与某人友好相处be friendly to sb. 对某人友好be kind to sb. 对某人友好go camping 去野营notat all 一点儿也不in ones free time 在某人的业余时间the most popular 最受欢迎的such

22、 as比如。诸如old habits die hard 积习难改go to the dentist 去看牙医morn than 多于。超过less than 少于help sb. withsth.帮忙某人做某事How about.怎么样？ /好不好？wantsb. todosth.想让某人做某事How many+可数名词复数 +一般疑问句？有多少.主语+find+that从句.发觉It s+ adj.+ to do sth.做某事的的。ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事by doing sth. 通过做某事爱的是什么？Whats

23、 your favorite.你最喜the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式Whichdo you like best. 你最喜爱词语辨析：1.how often多久一次， 用来提问动作发生的频率。 回答用： once，twice, three times 等词语。How often do you play sports.Three times a week.how long多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here. How long is the ruler.how

24、for多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park. Its about 2 kilometers.1. free 闲暇的，有空的， 反义词为busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于have time. Ill be free next week. = I ll have time next week.仍可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由的做某事。The tickets are free.Yourefree to go or to stay.2. How come？ 怎么会？怎么回事？表示某

25、件事情很古怪，有点想不通。可单 独使用，也可引导一个问句，相当于疑问句why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍旧是陈述语序。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备How didn t Tom come to the party. = Why didn t Tom come to the party.3. s

26、tay up late指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡” 。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉” 。 He stayed up all night to write his story.4. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不肯定睡着。I went to bed at eleven lastnight.go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡” 。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5. find + 宾语 +名词, 发觉： We have found him t

27、o be a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词，发觉：He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词，发 现 ： I found her standing at the door.6. percent 百分数，基数词+ percent： percent没有复数形式，作主语时，根 据所修饰的名词来判定谓语的单复数。Forty percent of the students in our classare girls.Thirty percent of time passed.7. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅，相当于over. 在句型转

28、换中考查两者的同 义替换。反义词组为： less than.I lived in Shanghai for more than /over ten years.9. afraid形容词，担忧的，可怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid we can t come here on time.be afraid of sb / sth 可怕某人/某事。be afraid of doing sth.可怕做某事。 Some children are afraid of the dark.Dont be afraid of asking question. Im afraid + 从

29、句，唯恐， 担忧：Im afraid I have to go now.be afraid to do sth 可怕做某事10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区分：sometimes 频度副词，有时。表示动作发生的不常常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early.-How often do you get up. sometime副词，某个时候。表示不准确或不详细的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.I will go to Shanghai somet

30、ime next week.-When will you go to Shanghai next week.some times名词词组，几次，几倍。其中time是可数名词，对它提问用howmany times.I have read the story some times.-How many times have you read the story. some time 名词短语，一段时间 . 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为连续性动词，提问时用How long.I will stay here for some time.-How long will you stay here.【

31、词语辨析】一、maybe / may be1. The baby is crying she is hungry.2. The woman a teacher . maybe 是副词，意为“大致，可能，或许”，一般用于句首。 May be 是情态动词，意为“可能是 .，或许是 .，大致是 .” .二、a few / few / a little / little1. people can live to 100,but people can live to 150.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页

32、- - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备2. There is time left, I dont catch the first bus.3. Could you give me milk.a few 少数的，几个，一些 a little 一点儿，少量 表示确定few 很少的，几乎没有的 little很少的，几乎没有的 表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不行数名词三 、 none / no one 1、 of the pens are mine .2、 is

33、in the classroom.none 指人或物，强调数量，用how many 提问，常与 of 连用。 no one 多指人，强调“无人”这种状态，用who 提问，不行与 of 连用，作主语时，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。四、hard / hardly1. The ground is too to dig2. I can understand them.3. It s raining ,the people can go outside.hard 作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”。作副词，意为“努力的，猛烈的”。Hardly 意为“几乎不”。Unit3 I m more outg

34、oing than my sister.Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.Thats Tara, isn t it.Are you as friendly as your sister.I m shy so it s not easy for me to make friends.moreoutgoing更外向asas与一样thesinging competition 唱歌竞赛be similar to 与相像的 / 类似的be the same as 和相同。与一样be differ

35、ent from 与不同care about 关怀。介意look after照料 take care of 照料be like a mirror 像一面镜子the most important 最重要的as long as只要。既然bring out 使显现。使表现出get better grades 取得更好的成果reach for 伸手取infact 事实上。实际上make friends 交伴侣the other 其他的touch ones heart 感动某人be talented in music 有音乐天赋 be good at 善于be good with 善于与相处have f

36、undoing sth.享受做某事的乐趣be good atdoing sth 善于做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结make sb. do sth让.某人做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结want to do sth.想要做某事as+adj./adv.的原级 +as 与一样Its+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.对某人来说，做某事的。词语辨析：laugh v. & n.笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke.她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。We all laughed at his jok

37、e. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最终，谁笑得最好。/ 不要兴奋得太早。（与 at 连用） laughat 嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at s

38、tories told by seamen.人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics.大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。笑。笑声We had a good laugh at his joke.我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。 though conj. 虽然。纵然。即使。尽管= althoughThough it was raining，he went there.虽然当时正下着雨，他仍是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy.虽然他很穷却很欢乐。留意：不能受汉语的影响，在though 引导的从句后使用b

39、ut 。如： Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）thoughadv. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级大 多 数 形 容 词 和 副 词 有 三 个 等 级 ： 1 ） 原 级 （ 不 作 比 较 ）， 修 饰 词very,so,too,pretty,really。2）比较级，表示“较”或“更”的意思（两者 之间进行比较） , 标志词 than,A or B,of the two, 修饰词 much,a lot,a li

40、ttle 。3）最高级，表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词 the ，后面可带 in（of ）短语来什么比较的范畴。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规章变化： 构 成 方 法-原级-比较级 -最高级单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加 -er 或-est short-shorter-shortest以字母 e 词尾的词，加 -r 或-stfine- finer-finestlate- later- latest重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er 或-est hot big-bigger-biggestthin-thinner-thi

41、nnesthot-hotter-hottestfat-fatter-fattest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y ”改为“ i ”，再加 -er或 -est easy-easier-easiestearly-earlier-earliestfunny- funnier- funniest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加 more 或 mostathletic-more athletic-most athleticbeautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful outgoing- more outgoing- most outgoing形容词和副词的比较

42、级和最高级不规章变化：原 级比较级最高级 good/wellbetterbest bad/badlyworseworst many/muchmoremost littlelessleastFarfarther （更远） farthest最远further （更深远） furthest （最深远 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整

43、理学习必备as原级as 与一样not as/soas 不如 Liming is as tall as Jim.Jack runs as fast as Tom.Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Lucy.三、翻译句子：1、谁比 Jim 年纪大？是你。 is than Jim？ are.2、谁比 David 更强壮？是 Gao Shan. than David. Gao Shan .3、谁的铅笔更长，他的仍是她的？我想是她的。 pencil is , or ？_ is,I think.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的仍是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。 apples ,your or your . My .5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。 as as your uncle. Yes, I am.6、他和他的伴侣 Jim 一样年轻。He as as Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。 as as twin . No, than him.8.我跳得和 Mike 一样远。I as as Mike.9. Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的 ,他和我跑得一样快。 Tom than you. No