教师资格考试中学教育知识能力考点归纳.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结老师资格考试中学训练学问才能考点归纳3 （ Teacher qualification test, secondary school education, knowledge,competence, test site induction 3）The teacher qualification exam of middle school education knowledge have concluded 3The development of education and the third sectionEducationcan cultivatethetalentneeds

2、 ofthecommunity,the important point is to see whether it follows the law ofdevelopment of human. Education and human development is themutualrestrictionrelations:on theone hand.Educationplays a leading role in the individuals physical and mentaldevelopmentprocess;on theotherhand,butalsorestrictsthee

3、ducation by law of individual physical and mental development, physical and mental development of individual state education is the basis of behavior.First, the individual physical and mental developmenta the concept of individual physical and mental developmentThe individual physical and mental dev

4、elopment refers to the whole life process as a whole in individual complex from thebeginning oflifetotheend oflife.The process ofchanging, especially refers to the physical and mental characteristicsof individuals to change the active. Peoples physical and mental development includes two aspects:One

5、 is the physiological development, also known as the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结physical development. The development of individual body enhancement includingnormaldevelopment and physicalbody two aspects. The normal development of an organism in variousorgans, including the healthy growth of various bo

6、dy systems.Itistheindividualphysiqueconditionand main contents:the normal development of the physical enhancement and help thebody.Twopromote each other,mutualconnection,intheactual activities become one.The two ispsychologicaldevelopment.Referstothe development of human spirit, including the develo

7、pment of the two aspectsofcognitionand intention.Cognitivedevelopment referstothe developmentof perception,memory, thinkingand otheraspects oftheintentiondevelopmentreferstothedevelopmentofneeds, interest, emotion and will etc. The physical development and psychological development are closely linke

8、d. Physicaldevelopmentisthematerialbasisofpsychologicaldevelopment, psychological development also affects the development ofphysiology.two special peoples physical and mental development1. people are social people, is developing in a social environmentInthesocialenvironment,notonlythe existenceofa

9、different nature, and each individual with different degree of contactofvariousgroups,butalsotheexistenceofhumancreationand creative tools. Individuals only participate in socialpractice.Inordertosurviveand development,inordertoplay to their potential, and into the development of reality.可编辑资料 - - -

10、 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Has thefunctionof2.peoplesphysicaland mentaldevelopmentPeople have theabilitytounderstandand transformtheoutside world,ithas madepeoplebeyond theanimalworld.Peoplehave to understand and transform their abilities. People with self consciousness,toa certainstageofdevelopmentofpeople.Has t

11、heabilitytoplantheirown futureand createconditionsfor future development. The initiative can play better, is animportant factor in the development of a person can reach a higher level.three and the reason that the individuals physical and mental development1. in theoryIn the internal needs of the ge

12、neral emphasis on peoplesphysicaland mentaldevelopmentofpower ismainlydue totheir physicaland mentaldevelopment.The orderisdeterminedby the mechanism of physical and mental maturity. Namely: humanindividual psychological development is completely natural factors inherent within the predetermined by

13、the individual, psychological development is the essence of natural factorsaccordingtotheirintrinsicpurposeordirectionoftheshow.External conditions can only affect the inherent law of development, but can not change the rhythm. In view of the natural and mature theory, Preformationism, genetic deter

14、minism. This view - the positive significance lies in attaching importance to peoples internal needs and human inherent development mechanism. Weakness is the one-sided可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结emphasis on the importance of internal factors for individual development, and ignore the external factors t

15、hat influence people and individual subjective initiative.Mencius is representative of ancient China in theory, hethoughtthathuman nature is good,allthingsare inmy heart, there is the nature of human compassion, shame, humility, isthe four end, this is the root of benevolence, righteousness, proprie

16、ty, wisdom four basic character of the people, as long as the good self-cultivation, seek, these qualities can be developed.AustriapsychoanalyticschoolfounderFreud believesthatthe sexual instinct is the most basic natural instinct, it is topromote the development of human potential, unconscious, the

17、 most fundamental reason.The contemporaryAmericansociologistWilsonbiologicalgene duplicationas alltheessence ofpower determinesthepeople.And the American psychologist Gesell stressed the decisive role, mature mechanismfor the development of people he believes that people decided by gene sequence. If

18、 you want to pass theexternal education training ability formed in front of themature grab somescheduleisinefficientoreven futile.Gesell not only that the human body function development program is restricted by the growth rule, and all other abilities,including the growth rule by morality.2. extern

19、al motivation theoryExternalization theory and in the theory on the contrary, the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结essence of individual psychological development is theenvironmentalimpact oftheresults.The environmentalimpact determines the level and form of individual psychologicaldevelopment. This view is a

20、lso called the psychologicaldevelopment of environmental determinism, shaping theory or experience theory etc. The basic view of externalizationtheorybelievesthathumandevelopmentmainlyrelyon external forces, stimulation and environmental requirements, such astheimpactofothersand schooleducation.The

21、focusofconcernis the externalization of human learning. Learn what and how to learn effectively.Representative of Chinas ancient evil is Xunzi, he believes that the human factor itself is the need to reform.The British philosopher Rock white board is the externalization of a typical representative.

22、He thinks. The human mind is like a whiteboard, which itself has no content. Can anyone apply external forces determines the human development situation.Another representative of the United States is theexternalization ofbehavioralpsychologistatWahson, he once said: give him a healthy baby, regardle

23、ss of their ancestors,he can train them to be from the leader to the thief and other types of people. He thinks. Environment and education is the only condition of psychological development. Education is everything.Skinner Wahson inherited the environmental determinism, that a persons behavior and p

24、ersonality can be complicated by the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结external reinforcement or punishment means to cultivate and change, control or correction.3. multi factor interaction theoryAccordingtodialecticalmaterialism,humandevelopmentisthe internal factors such as genetic quality, mature bodymechani

25、sm and external environment external stimulus intensity and the level of social development and individualcultural background interaction in the individual activities in the. Whois the main practice activity, active participation of the individual, the individual development can not beachieved; subj

26、ective and objective conditions in similar circumstances, the extent of individual initiative, has a decisive significance for the development of people.four the general rules of individual physical and mental developmentThe orderofthe1.individualphysicaland mentaldevelopmentIndividual physical and

27、psychological development has a certain order in the whole and individual process and characteristics of physical and mental development also has acertainorder.Childrenfrom birthtoadulthood,theirphysical and mental development isfrom low tohighand from quantitative toqualitative changesinthe continu

28、ousdevelopmentprocess.For example, the physical development follows from top to bottom, from the middle to the limbs, muscles from bones tosequentialdevelopment,psychologicaldevelopmentisalwaysa mechanical memory to memory, thinking from the concrete to可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结abstract thinking, from

29、 the general to the passions emotional sense, moral sense, aesthetic and other complex emotions. In the education of teenagers, must follow the concrete to abstract, from the shallower to the deeper. From simple to complex, from a lower level to a higher order. Gradually move forward, not push them,

30、 otherwise it can not receive the desired effect, and even damage their physical and mental.The 2. stage of individual physical and mental developmentIndividuals showed general characteristics of differentphysical and mental development and the main contradiction in different stages of development.

31、Faced with different tasks.Thisisthestageofphysicaland mentaldevelopment.Adjacentstages are regularly replaced. During the same period. The developmentismainlythenumber ofchanges,aftera periodof development, from quantitative to qualitative change, anddevelopment level has reached a new stage.The ag

32、e characteristics of physical and mental development of young people is the characteristics of formation in different age stages of development in general, typical and essential.Of course, between the different stages of development are interrelated, a stage affects the next stage of development dir

33、ection choice, so the life of each stage for humandevelopment.Not onlyhas thisstagesignificance,butalsohas the meaning of the whole life.The imbalanceof3.individualphysicaland mentaldevelopment The imbalance,referstothecontinuousprocessof development.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The uniform motion and sp

34、eed of the physical and mental development of children is not completely consistent with thetime, in different ages, the development speed and level there is obvious difference. Generally, the newborn born first year and adolescent 13, 14 L5, 16 years old, is a two period ofrapid development of phys

35、ical and mental development of children. Imbalance also refers to the body in the process of childrens development and psychological development is not fully coordinated and unified phenomenon. The overalldevelopmentof children, isthepsychological maturitybefore physiological maturity. Teenagers on

36、their physicaldevelopment,has been veryclosetotheadultlevel,and their psychological maturity, but much lower than adults. But in aspecific aspect, there may be psychological ability is notcontrolledby physiologicalmaturityconditions.For example. 3 5 yearsoldchildrenslanguageabilityand memoryability,

37、 are often better than the adult level.A period of development of the different phenomenon fromdifferentaspectsofbody and mind.More and more psychologists attention. Psychologists put forward the key developmentperiod or the best of the concept. The so-called critical period of development refers to

38、 the physical or psychological aspects of a function and ability are the most suitable formation period.During this period, on one aspect of individual training can get the best effect.The complementarity of the 4. individual physical and mental developmentThe complementary relationship of individua

39、l physical and可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结mental development of each part, it first refers to a body ofthefunctionofdamagedormissing,can be compensated by other aspects of supernormal development. If the blind throughhearing, touch, smell and other aspects of the extraordinarydevelopment of compensation

40、. The parts of the body are complementary possible. In the absence of certain aspects of their own can still provide the conditions and environment coordination and continued survival and development.Complementarity exists between psychological andphysiologicalfunction.The emotionalstateofthepower o

41、fthe human spirit, the will, the body can play a regulatory role.To help people overcome the disease and deformity, make body and mind is still developing. On the contrary, if a personspsychologicalabilityispoor,lackofselfadjustmentability and strong will. So, even if not very serious illness orsuff

42、ering will knock him out.Individual differences in individual physical and mental development of 5.Individual differences exist in different levels. From thepointofview,as thefirstmanifestationofgender differences. Itisnotonlythenatureofthedifferences,includinga gender brings the physiological funct

43、ion and social status, roles, communication between groups. Secondly, individualdifferences in all aspects of physical and psychologicalstructure. There is somedifference in the level of development, somedifferences in the psychological features of the way. That is, differences in the individual lev

44、el of development is notonly due to differences in innate qualities, the inherent可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结functionoftheindividual.Effectofeffortitisaffectedby the environment and the development of the subject in theprocessofdevelopmentand thelevelofself-consciousnessand self choice direction. The di

45、fference between individualcharacteristics ofresearchineducation. Educationshouldbe individualized, long lost good save.five education should adapt to the physical and mental development of young children1. education should adapt to the order and the stages of individual developmentEducation must proceed from the actual students for students of different age. Put forward different tasks, take different education contents and methods. According to the actual situation of distinction.Itmust be pointedoutthat.Inordertoadapttotheeducation and stages of human development.Does notmeanthat