新版新目标英语八级下册知识点总结14.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结Unit 7What s the highest mountain in the world.Section A1. square(1) adj. 平方米 , 用于数字后表面积 an area of95 square meters95 平方米的面积(2) n , 正方形。广场 Many old people like dancing on the square after supper.2. in size = have /has an area of. （面积）大小3.1,025 meters深 1,025 米表示事物的长、宽、高、深等时,主要有两种表达方式：1基数词 + 单

2、位名词 + 形容词（ long,wide,tall, deep 等）假如数词超过 1,单位名词要用复数形式。单位词： meter; foot; inch; kilogram 等Yao Ming is over 2 meters tall.The river is 50 meters wide.2基数词 + 单位名词 + in + 名词（ length; width; height; depth 等）two meters long = two meters in length 2米长 three feet high = two feet in height. 3英尺高3数字+ 量词（单位） +形

3、容词（ long/ wide/ tall/ deep 等）长、宽、高、深仍可用复合形容词表示各个词间用连字符连接,常作前置定语修饰名词。Jeremy Shu-How Lin is a 1.91-meter-tall- basketball player.4. deepadj. 深的 take a deep breath深. 深呼吸adj ndeep depthlong lengthhigh heightwide width5. any other +可数名词的单数任何其他的(1) any other 其他任何一个,后接可数名词单数,在同一范畴内除了某人或某物以外的其他任何人或物通常用于比较级,

4、多用于同一范畴内相比较。Shanghai is bigger thanany other city in China.(2) any other +可数名词单数 =the other + 可数名词复,也可用最高级形式表达。Lucy is more careful than any other studentin her class. any other + 可数名词单数）=Lucy is more careful than the other studentsin her class.the other + 名词复数）= Lucy is the most careful studentin h

5、er class.6.a lot .得多。许多。特别(1) a lot 许多,做副词短语,修饰动词,放在动词之后。相当于very much. It usually rains a lot at this time of year.(2) a lot of = lots of + 复数名词 =many +复数名词 =much+ 不行数名词7. population 人口。人口数量(1) population 做主语且强度整体人口时,谓语动词一般用单数, The population is increasing faster and faster.(2) 当主语时 “人口的百分之几、几分之几 ”时

6、,谓语动词常用复数形式。Three quarters of the population are workers.(3) 表示人口的多或少时 , 用 large 或 smallThe population of China is very large. 中国人口众多(4) 询问某国、某的有多少人口时 , 用 How large.How large is the population of your hometown.你们家乡有多少人口 .(5) What is the population of Canada.加拿大的人口有多少 .提问有多少人口句型(6) 表示某的有多少人口时,用 has a

7、 population of句型8. much 得多 （修饰比较级）类似的词： even 更.a lot 许多。 .得多 a little 比 一点可修饰比较级的词 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结9. even 甚至 用在比较级前,表示程度）10. tour n 旅行 tourist n 旅行者 touristy adj. 游客许多的 .tour guide导游The Stone Forest is an exciting sig

8、ht. But it is too.tourBeijing is atourist city.The Great Wall is very famous in the world . So it istour.1 travel v旅行 traveller n旅行者 travelling adj.旅行的2travel to到 旅行travel all over the world.周游世界11. tour/ trip/ travel/ journeytraveltour tripjourney一般指长途旅行,到国外或远方旅行。 travel 仍可作动词旅行,周游,观光 .一般团队都是 tour一

9、般指短距离旅行,直达目的的的旅行有时并不指真正意义的旅行,而只是表示走过一段距离。【记】观光游玩用 tour ,长途陆路用 journey, 短途短期用 trip,travel 用法最普遍,特殊用于指游记 ”12. how long 多长。多久(1) 对长度提问How long is the table.About 1.2 meters.(2) 对时间提问,常用 for 或 since 引导的时间状语来回答。How long does it take you to do your homework in the evening.For two hours.13. amazing adj. 惊人

10、的,令人惊讶的14. protect v 爱护 We should protect children. protect sb./ sth from 爱护某人 / 某物使其不受 protect your eyes from the sun. 不要让阳光损害你的眼睛。15. as(1) conj.像 一样,正如 （用来引导状语从句）I was surprised as he opened the door.(2) prep. 作为I get job as a teacher.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结16. as far as I know据我所知as far as 就.来说

11、,至于 . , 引导状语从句,强调范畴或程度,常与动词know, see等,句首或句中。as far as I can remember据我所记得的as far as I can see依我所见17.one of + the adj. 最高级 + 可数名词复数18. famous = wellknownadj. 闻名的, 出名的(1) be famous for 因而闻名（某人因某种学问、技能或特点而出名）China is famous for the Great Wall and Pandas(2) be famous as 作为.而出名 （某人以某种身份而出名）Lu Xun was fam

12、ous as a writer.19. include v 包括 incl uding prep 包括（放在被包括的对象之前）I have many pen palsinclude Lucy.All the people must take part in the activities,the monitors and the teachers.A. includeB. includingC. includedD. to include连用,可放在可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结.20. freeze vfreezing adj. 冻冰的。结冰的Today it is free

13、zing cold. frozen adj. 冻结的,被冰掩盖的I don t like frozen food.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结21. condition 条件。状况 out of condition 不健康,身体不好in good condition 情形良好。完好22. take in 吸入。 吞入（体内）take after（外貌）相像take away 拿开take down 写下,登记take in 吸取,吸纳take off 起飞。脱下 take it easy 别紧急take to 喜爱,开头从事take pictures照相23. whilec

14、onj.1然而 连接并列句）表对比He is a worker while I am a doctor. 2当 的时候,（引导时间状语从句）While I was doing my homework ,my mother came in .24. succeedv 胜利,达到 successn 胜利successful adj. 胜利的successfully adv 胜利的 succeed in doing sth 胜利的做某事25. risk one s life to do 某sth人舍命做某事take risks 冒险There is a risk of sth/ doing sth

15、有（做）某事的危急可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结26. challenge v/n 挑战face a challenge 面临挑战1challenge sb. to sth向某人挑战He challenged me to a race他. 2challenge sb. to do sth向某人挑战 向我挑战赛跑。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结27. in the face of 面对（问题、困难等）They showed courage in the face of danger面.对危急他们表现出了士气。可编

16、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结28. achieve v 获得。达到。 实现 achievement n 完成。 成果词条是否接宾语用法achieve是主语一般为 “人”come true否主语一般是 “抱负。抱负 ”achieve one s dream = one s dream co实m现es某tr人ue的抱负29. human n 人。人类No human could live like this .没有人能这样生活。30.force(1) n 力气。 the forces of.的力气 The force of human is great.(2) v. 迫使。强迫fo

17、rce sb. to do sth 强迫某人做某事31.nature 不行数名词 自然界。大自然 natural adj. 自然的in nature 在自然界中Section B- Self Check1.weigh v称 的重量; 重量是. weight n 重量Sheweighs herself every day and wants to loseweight.2.time(1) 是.的几倍 主语 + 数词 + times + as +形容词 + as +被比较的内容Our new school is four times as big as the old one.(2) 次数一次 o

18、nce两次 twice三次及三次以上 ：基数词 + times three times 三次three or four times 三到四次many times 许多倍last time 在上次 时every time 每次/每回each time 每当 时the first time 第一次 时next time 当下次 时可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结(3) Ittimse for sth . 或 It tisme for sb . to do sth . 该是 的时候了 It tisme for dinner . 该是吃晚餐的时候了。It tisme for child

19、ren to go to bed . 是小孩睡觉的时候了。3. at birth 诞生时（用作时间状语）give birth to sb/ sth 生孩子。产仔4. up to 高达(1) up to +数量词达到（某数量、程度等） 。至多I can take up to four people in my car.Up to now, Tony has been very quiet.直到 （现在）(2) be up to sb. 由某人打算Shall we go out or stay in . It s up to you.5. the other 其他的 （指两个事物或两个人中的另一个

20、,后接名词时,表示其他的人或物One. The other .（两者中）一个 ., 另一个.the others=the other +复数名词the other 的复数形式是 the others 其他东西,其余的人特指某一范畴内的 “其他的（人或物） ”。Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.6. prepare for 为 预备(1) prepare sth准. 备,后接名词或代词作宾语。Our English teacher waspreparing the lessonswhen I came in

21、to the office.(2) prepare to do sth准. 备做.They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain.他们正预备过河,突然下雨了。(3) prepare for sth为做预备The students are busy preparing for the final exam学. 生们正在预备期末考试7. awakeadj. 醒来 （反义词） asleep 睡着的She was awak all night. v 唤醒。使醒来 = wake upThe noise awak me.8. run

22、 ran run running runner 赛跑的人run over 撞倒。跑过去run after 追赶 ,追求run away from 从 跑掉;躲避run out 某物被用完run out of 用完某物run into 无意间遇到 ,和 相撞9. excite v 使兴奋 excitement n 兴奋。兴奋(1) excited 形容词,表示 兴奋的,指人、物对感到兴奋,是（主动的感到）兴奋的(2) exciting 形容词,表示 令人兴奋的。使人兴奋的 ,指人、事、物本身让人兴奋、兴奋He told us an exciting story yesterday.Are you

23、 excited about going to Beijing.(3) be excited about 对 感到兴奋(4) to one s exciteme使nt某人兴奋的是可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结10. fall 落下,跌落,降落,指在重力的作用下落下,或失去平稳而跌落The leaves fall in the autumn.fall down 跌倒强调的是滑倒、倒下,后接宾语时应加上介词from The book fell down from the table to the floor.fall down 倒下 fall over 落在.之上, 脸朝下跌倒

24、fall off下降, 跌落fall over向前“摔倒、跌倒 ”。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结11. die v. （非连续性动词）死表示生命的终止 death n. 死,死亡 dead adj死. 1be dead 死,死亡Lucys dog sdie yesterday. Itsmade her sad.的 dying adj. 将死的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结His grandpadie for five years .2die from + 外因死于,主要指事故等方面的外部缘由。die from

25、 a traffic accident 死于交通事故die from a car accident 死于一场车祸3die of + 内因主要指疾病、衰老、情感等自身缘由die of hunger/an illness 饿/病死His grandfather died of liver cancer in 1992. 4die out（家族、物种等）灭亡。绝迹Dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. 恐龙在六千五百万年前灭亡了12. illness 疾病。病1ill /sick共同点：生病的。有病的不同点： ill adj. 生病的。有病的作表语,不能作定

26、语2be ill in hospital(3) sick 作表语/作定语,病人 a sick man 或 the sick,She is ill / sick in bed. 她卧病在床。She is looking after her sick father 她.在照料她生病的父亲。(4) sick 恶心的。厌倦的The smell makes me sick这. 气味使我感到恶心。13. spend in doing花时间做某事1spend spent spent花v费,主语是人sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sthsb. +spend +时间/钱+（in ） doing sth

27、spend on= pay for 支付He spends too much time on the computer games.(2) pay paid pai支d v付,主语是人sb.+ pay + 钱+for sthI pay 10 yuan for the book.(3) cost cost covst花费,主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱A new computer costs me a lot of money. 4taketook taken花v费It takes /took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多

28、长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.14. cut down 砍伐。砍倒cut down 砍倒,削减,降低,缩短 The little boy cut down the young tree cut something from something 切下,割下 cut something away 切除,剪去cut up 切碎cut off 切断,停止15. less 更少的1less是 little （小。少）的比较级：He spends less time in doing experiments.他做试验花时间较少。2less+形容词或副

29、词 构成劣等比较,较不 ,更不It is less cold than it was yesterday.天气不如昨天那样冷。3not less than + 基数词表示不下于。至少。不止4no less than + 基数词表示达之多（言其多）There are not less than 40 students in this class这. 个班级至少有 40 个同学。No less than 1,000 people were missing in the earthquake的. 震中失踪人数多达一千人。16. There be + 名词（短语） + ving. 某处有某人或某物在做

30、某事There is a truck collecting rubbish outside.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结17. remind v 保持,仍是（系动词 +adj. ）Though he has been working hard, his math remains.A. badB. badlyC.OK At the meeting ,they said nothing butquiet.A. tookB makeC. reminded18.another +数词另外的 , 再1another 同类事物（三个以上）的另一个,I dont like this on

31、e, please show me another.我不喜爱这个 ,请给我另一个。2some. others一些,另一些可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Some boys are reading; others are listening to the radio有.3one . the other 表示两者里面的另一个！些孩子在阅读 ,有些就在听收音机。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Ive bought two sweaters . One is for you and the other is for my brother. 4other+复数名词 Whe

32、re are the other students.其他同学在哪里 .one 1eleven 11ten 10twenty- one 21two 2twelve 12twenty 20twenty two 22three 3thirteen 13thirty 30thirty three 33four 4fourteen 14forty 40forty-four 44five 5fifteen 15fifty 50fifty-five 55six 6sixteen 16sixty 60sixty-six 66seven 7seventeen 17seventy 70seventy-seven

33、77eight 8eighteen 18eighty 80eighty eighty 88nine 9nineteen 19ninety 90ninety-nine 9919. there be句型的将来时 There willl beThere is going to be20. 比较级 +and +比较级越来越richer and richerbecome more beautiful and beautiful21.基数词用来表示数量的词叫做基数词1 数字的写法和读法见下表：1 911 1910 90（整十基数词）2199（非整十基数词）(1) 112 是独立单词,需要逐个记忆(2) 1

34、3 19 的数字借以 -teen 结尾。其中 thirteen, fifteen , eighteen变化不规章320 90 的整十数皆以 -ty 结尾。 其中 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty变化不规章421 99 之间的非整十基数词,在十位与个位之间加连字符“- ”,twenty oneninety nine22. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规章变化(1) .一般在词尾直接加 er 或 est, tall-taller-tallest, long-longer-longest(2) 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加 r 或 st, nic

35、e-nicer-nicest3以辅音字母 +y 结尾的词,把 y 变为 i,再加 er 或 est, heavy-heavier-heaviest(4) 重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er 或 est, big-bigger-biggest大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级 .（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat ）(5) 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more 构成比较级和 most 构成最高级, beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful【注】表示否定意义在其前加 less /least im

36、portant-less important-least importantEnglish is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结(6) 由 “形容词 +ly ”构成的副词 ,在其前加 more/ mostslowly-more slowly-most slowly 。但 early earlier-earliest不规章变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittle oldlessold / elderleastold /eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther 距离/furthe（r程度）farthest/furthest注: 形容词,副词同形有 : back , high , well ,fast, early, late ,straight可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载