新概念英语一册语法总结.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结一时态：一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时1. 一般现在时表示一般性,常常性的动作或一般性事实。含有 be 动词的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首Is he a teacher.Is the girl very beautiful. Are Tim and Jack students.变否定句在 be 动词后面加 notHe is not a teacher.The girl i

2、s not very beautiful. Tim and Jack are not students.确定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.不含有动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词He likes books. She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句在句首加 does,动词变为原型Does he like books.Does she like him.Does the dog li

3、ke bones.变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesnt,动词变为原型He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesn t like bones.确定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. No, he doesnt. Yes, she does. No, she doesnt Yes, it does. No, it doesnt.留意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词 I want to have a bath. We have some mea

4、t.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加 doDo you want to have a bath. Do we have any meat.Do the students like smart teachers.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结变否定句在主语和动词之间加dont. You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers.确定回答及否定回答 Yes, I do. No, I dont. Yes,

5、we do. No, we dontYes, they do. No, they dont.2. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成： 主语 be 动词动词的现在分词其它成分（现在分词的构成见附录）We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首Are we having lunch.Is he reading a book.Is the dog running after a cat.A

6、re the boys swimming across the river.变否定句在 be 动词后面加 not We are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特别疑问句： what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词动词主语现在分词What are you doing.What is she doing.What is the dog doing. 必背没有进行时的

7、动词表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1. 表示感觉,感官的词see, hear, like, love, want,2. have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时3. 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或大事,常和表示过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday,lastnight,the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有 be 动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am, is的过去式为was, are 的过去式为 wereI was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teach

8、er was very beautiful ten years ago. 变疑问句将 be 动词移动到句首Were you at the butchers.Were you a student a year ago.Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 变否定句在 be 动词后面加 not I was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten year

9、s ago. 确定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not. Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not. 特别疑问句：What did you do. 必背 不含有 be 动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录I finished my homework yesterday. The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.变疑问

10、句在句首加 did , 动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday. Did the boy go to a restaurant.Did the Sawyers live at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.变否定句在主语和动词之间加did not I did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Streeta year ag

11、o.King Streeta year ago.确定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didnt. Yes, he did. No, he didnt. Yes, they did. No, they did not.4. 现在完成时 构成：主语 +助动词 have, has+ 过去分词用法：1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用I have just had lunch. 饱了,不用再吃了 He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了,不用再喝）They have already h

12、ad their holiday.（不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book.（已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了）2) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Have you finished your homework. Have you been to Beijing.Have he seen the film.3) 表示开头于过去并连续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years. I have worked for this school for 1 year.4) 表示一种经受,体会：去过 的方,做

13、过 事情,经受过 事情I have never had a bath.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema. I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去过, have gone to表示去了I have been to London.人已经回来 He has gone to London.（人仍在那里）5) 表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has becom

14、e a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g. Have you lost your pen. I have not lost my pen.确定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not.特别疑问句： What have you done. What has he done.一般过去时与现在完成时的区分：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时留意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再连续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错： I ve left Beijing f

15、or 3 days.对： I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.5. 一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作,常常和 tomorrow,next year,the day aftertomorrow,the year afterthe next, in five hourstime, etc.表示将来的词联用结构： 主语+助动词 will+动词原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the nex

16、t. Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow.Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next.Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning.变否定句在助动词后面加 not I will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after

17、the next. Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning确定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not. Yes, he will. No, he will not.特别疑问句：What will you do.6. 过去完成时：用法：在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结结构： had+过去分词After she had finished her h

18、omework, she went shopping. They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,假如放在主句后就不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework.变否定句在助动词后面加 not She hadnt finished her homework.确定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadnt.

19、特别疑问句：What had she done.7. 过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作 , 常常用在 when, while, as引导的状语从句中。结构： was/were+doingWhenmyhusband was going intothe diningroom thismorning,he dropped somecoinson the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.8. 过去将来时 结构： would doShe said she would go here the next morning

20、.一特别句型： there be句型, be going to结构1. Be going to结构表示准备,预备,方案做某事结构：主语 +be 动词+going to +动词原型I am going to make a bookcase. They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase. Are they going to paint it.Is the father going

21、to give the bookcase to his daughter.变否定句在 be 动词后面加 notI am not going to make a bookcase. They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.确定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not. Yes, he is. No, he is not.特别疑问句What are you going to do.

22、 What are they going to do. What is the father going to do. 必背2. There be句型可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结表示哪里有什么东西 某处有某物 There is单数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）There is a book in this room. There is a pen on the tableThere are 复数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）There are two pens on the table. There are three schools there.变疑问句将 be

23、动词移到句首Is there a book in this room.Are there two pens on the table.变否定句在动词后面加 not There is not a book in this room. There are not two pens on the table.确定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not. Yes, there are. No, there are not.一问句：一般疑问句,特别疑问句,挑选疑问句,反意疑问句,挑选疑问句,否定疑问句一般疑问句 :助动词/be 动词+主语Are you a teac

24、her. Do you want to have a cup of tea.特别疑问句 :特别疑问词 +一般疑问句What is your name.挑选疑问句 : orDo you want beef or lamb.反意疑问句 :确定陈述句 +否定疑问部分, 否定陈述部分 +确定疑问部分You dont need that pen, do you.否定疑问句 :一般疑问句 +否定词Arent you lucky. Dont you want have a rest.二冠词用法： a/an/the的一般用法具体见笔记三限定词： some, any, many, muchsome, any 修

25、饰可数名词或不行数名词,some用于确定句, any 用于否定句和疑问句,留意,当期望对方的答案为确定回答时用 somemany修饰可数名词, much修饰不行数名词,在口语中表示许多一般不用many, much, 而用 a lotof,在否定句中表示许多用many, much.I have a lot of money. I dont have much money.四名词：种类,复数,名词全部格1名词分为可数名词和不行数名词不行数名词无法分开的东西： water, tea, bread, milk, rice（米） 抽象的东西： love, beauty, coldness（冰冷）不行数名

26、词有以下特点： 不能用 a, an修饰不能加 s和单数 be 动词或动词搭配可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可数名词：规章变化的名词复数形式规章 1一般情形 +se.g. shellshells book books规章 2以 s, x, ch, sh结尾+es规章 3e.g. foxfoxes churchwatches以 o 结尾+s 或+eschurches, busbuses, watch e.g. potato potatoes, NegroNegroes, hero heroes, tomatotomatoes ,（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿）,剩下一般加规章

27、4s, radio radios以 f, fe结尾的,变 f, fe为 vese.g. lifelives halfhalves, shelfshelves, citycities, wifewives规章 5以辅音字母 +y 结尾,变 y 为 i+ese.g. skyskies flyflies不规章变化的名词复数形式单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s, 名词复数共有以下几种变化：单数manwomanfootgoosetooth复数menwomenfeetgeeseteeth单数childsheepdeermousefish复数childrensheepdeermicef

28、ish五介词留意总结书上词组 六 副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化副词可以修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子。如：The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.变化：1. 直接在形容词后加 -ly, careful-carefully, slow-slowly,2. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词,把 y 变 I,加-ly, happy-happily, lucky-luckily3. 有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化fast, hard, late4

29、. 有些词加上 -ly后意思与原词相差很远：neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately,一情态动词的使用： can, must, may, might, need, 1情态动词 can（能够） , must （必需） , may （可以）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结结构：主语 +can/must/may+动词原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can he make the tea.Can Sally air the r

30、oom.Can we speak English.变否定句在情态动词后面加 not He cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.确定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. No, he cannot. Yes, she can. No, she cannot. Yes, we can. No, we cannot.特别疑问句：What can you do. 必背留意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。2. Must/have to的区分must 表示必需,是

31、主观上觉得应当做, have to是不得不,是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里,而have to do可以用在任何时态3. must, may, might表示推测：must do表示对现在事实的推测must have done 表示对过去事实的推测must have been doing表示对过去正在进行的事实的推测may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的推测,might 的可能性更小。cant/couldnt表示不行能4. need 用法：表示“需要”时为实意动词,后面可以加名词,也可以加不定式：I need

32、 a pen. Do you need any beer. No, I dont. I need to have a rest.Need doing=need to be done,表示被动The flowers need watering.Need在否定时做情态动词使用You neednt go so early. =You dont need to go so early. Must I clean the desk right now. No, you neednt.一不定代词及不定副词：Someanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeveryth

33、ingonesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryonewheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywhere可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结bodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybodyfind it anywhere.If you want go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up. Help. Somebody. Anybody.You are really something.Since everybody is here, lets

34、begin our class. Where did you go. I went nowhere.Nobody is at home. I have nothing left.I looked for my book everywhere,but I cant可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结What +名词+主语 +谓语What a beautiful girl she is.How + 形容词 +主语 +谓语How beautiful the girl is.其次人称：let+ 其他人称代词祈使句的否定,加 dont反意疑问祈使句（其次人称）二 感叹句：三祈使句：可编辑资料

35、 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结祈使句表示恳求,命令,建议,邀请等,谓语动词一律用原型,句子中通常不用主语,句末用赞叹好或者句号,用降调。确定句 动词原型例, Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful.祈使句中假如有唤语,肯定要用逗号隔开,放在句首或者句尾Come in, Amy.Sit down here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.否定： Dont+ 动词原型Dont come here. Dont sit down.Don

36、t stand up.Dont give me it. let sb. doLet me pass.Let us have a rest. Let s have a rest. 反意疑问 ：Let s have a walk along the river, shall we.Let us go out for a drink, will you.四倒装句： so/neither的倒装 eg.He can swim. So can I.I didnt go to class. Neither did I.结构：so/neither+be+主语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结so

37、/neither+助动词+ 主语so/neither+情态动词 + 主语一般现在时 , do, does/am, is, are 现在进行时 , am, is, are一般过去时 , did现在完成时 , have, has 一般将来时 , will, shall, 过去进行时, was, were 过去完成时, had过去将来时 , would五直接引语 / 间接引语假如引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态,人称,时间的点及指示词时态变化：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时be going to was/

38、were going to/would cancouldmaymight时间的点及指示词的变化：here there, tomorrow the next day, the following day, thisthat 人称变化：依据句意转变人称。六直接宾语 / 间接宾语主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。He gives me a book.me间接宾语 , a book直接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to 或 for

39、主语及物动词直接宾语介词 +间接宾语Give me a book.Give the book to me.Send his a letter.Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress.Show the new dress to him.一从句：宾语从句,定语从句（限定性）,表语从句,状语从句（if引导的真实条件句）宾语从句：假如宾语从句的主句中的动词为过去时,那么宾语从句中的时态要和主句统一。假如宾语从句为疑问词引导,那么语序要用陈述语序,即主语在前,动词在后。定语从句： 表语从句：状语从句（ if引导的真实条件句）：主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现

40、在时可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结What will you do if you win a lot of money. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.二动词不定式做宾语及宾语补语的用法 具体用法请见 NECII结构： to do,用法： 可以做除谓语以外的全部成分,语法上称之为非谓语动词。做宾语： 在一些动词后常用不定式做宾语,例如：want, like, ask ,try 做宾补： want sb. to do, ask sb. to do, like sb. to do附录：代词及 be 动词名词复数动词的第三人称单

41、数形式动词现在分词动词过去式过去式的读音 形容词的比较级形容词和副词的最高级代词及 be 动词第一人称其次人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey宾格meusyouyouher/him/itthem代词全部格myouryouryourher/his/itstheir可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结名词性代词mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirsbe 动词现在时Amareareareisarebe 动词过去时waswerewerewerewaswere可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结名词

42、的复数规章 1一般情形 +se.g. shell shells toy toys规章 2以 s, x, ch, sh结尾+ese.g. foxfoxes church churches规章 3以 o 结尾 s 或+ese.g. radio radios potato potatoes规章 4以 f, fe结尾的,变 f, fe为 vese.g. lifelives half halves规章 5以辅音字母 +y 结尾,变 y 为 i+ese.g. skyskies study studies规章变化的名词复数形式可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结动词的第三人称单数形式规章 1一般

43、情形 +se.g. likelikes, look-looks规章 2以 s, x, ch, sh结尾+ese.g. do does, catch-catches规章 5以辅音字母 +y 结尾,变 y 为 i+ese.g. carry carries, fly-flies动词现在分词规章一一般动词加 -inge.g. look looking, read reading, play playing规章二以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e 加 -inge.g. make making, taketaking, arrivearriving规章三重读闭音节词结尾,即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ing可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结动词过去式e. g. run running, sitsitting, get getting, swimswimming, stop-stopping规章动词变化可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结规章一一般动词加 -ede.g. look looked, watch watche