新概念第一册知识点总结讲解讲课教案.docx
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1、精品名师归纳总结新概念第一册 学问点总结(全)名词名词包括可数名词和不行数名词,可数名词有单复数变化。不行数名词没有。可数名词单数变复数规章:1) 单数名词加 s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.2) 以 s、 x、 sh、ch 结尾的名词加 es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches. 3以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i 加 es: cities, babies, enemies.4) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,多数变f 为 v 加 es: wives, knives. 但有些词只加s
2、:roofs, proof s, chiefs.5) 以 o 结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加 s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos.6) 不 规 就 名 词 : foot feet, goose geese, tooth teeth, child children,man men, woman women, sheep sheep, deer deer, mousicee. m可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结代词第 一 人 称第 二 人称第三 人称可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载
3、精品名师归纳总结单数复数单数复数单数复数人主 格Iweyouyouhesheitthey称代宾 格meusyouyouhimheritthem词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结物形 容主词性代名 词词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I. 人称代词 : 人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语 .Eg:a.I m a nurse.b.Could you help me .II. 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代
4、词和名词性的物主代词.形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词 ,后面要跟名词 ,指定名词的所属对可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结象.名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词 ,必需单独使用,后面不能再跟名词.Eg:a. Your school is small, mine is big.=my schoolb. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.=your pen时态一、一般现在时:概念:常常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week day,
5、 year, month , once a week, on Sundays基本结构: be 动词。 行为动词否定形式: am/is/are+not ; 此时态的谓语动词如为行为动词,就在其前加 dont ,如主语为第三人称单数,就用doesnt ,同时 仍原 行为动词。一般疑问句: 把 be 动词放于句首。 用助动词 do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,就用 does,同时,仍原行为动词。My father is a doctor. Tom isn t at home. Are they policemen.I often get up at 7 o clock every morning.
6、He doesn t like apples.Do you always read before going to bed. What do you usually do on Sundays.一般现在时句中,假如主语是第三人称时,动词要变第三人称单数,变化可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结规章如下:1) 一般情形下,动词后面直接加-s. 例如:works gets says reads2) 以 s, x , ch, sh 或 o 结尾的动词,在后面加-es。 例如:goes teaches washes3) 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,把 y 变为 i 再加 -es. 例如
7、: studies tries carries特别情形:动词 have 的第三人称单数是 has。例如: He has an interesting book.二、一般过去时:概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。过去习惯性、常常性的动作、行为。时间状语: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last weekyear, night,month , in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, the other day, long long ago, once upon a time,.基本结构: be 动词。 行为动
8、词否定形式: was/were+not ; 在行为动词前加 didnt ,同时 仍原 行为动词。一般疑问句: was 或 were 放于句首。 用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问, 同时仍原行为动词。I was at my mother s last week.Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl whose name was Snow White. Lucy went to America five months ago.I didn t go to the cinema last night.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归
9、纳总结Did Lily dance at the party. What did you do yesterday. 动词的过去式变化:be 动词: am/is-was are-were规章动词:1. 直接在词尾加 -ed。如 : want wanted, work worked, need needed,clean cleaned2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加 -d。如: like liked, live lived, use used,move moved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加 -ed。如: stop stopped, tr
10、ip tripped4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词, 先把 y 变成 i,再加 -ed。如:study studied,carry carried, hurry hurried, marry married不规章动词:Have-hadeat-atedrink-drankgo-wentcome-camesee-saw hear-heardput-putcut-cut等等三、现在进行时 :概念:表示 此时此刻或现阶段正在 进行的动作及行为。时间状语: now, at this time, these days,基本结构: am/is/are+doing否定形式: am/is/are+not+do
11、ing.一般疑问句:把 be 动词放于句首。They are playing basketball on the playground.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I am not reading anything. Is he waiting for the bus.What are you doing now.动词 ing 形式的变化规章:1 一般情形下,直接在动词后加ingwork - workingsleep - sleepingstudystudying2 动词以不发音的 e 结尾,要去 e 加 ingtake - takingmake - makingdance
12、dancing3 重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加ingcut - cuttingput - puttingbeginbeginning4 以 ie 结尾的动词,把变成y 再加 inglie - lyingtie - tyingdiedying四、过去进行时:概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语: at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构: was/were+doing否定形式: was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句:把 was 或 wer
13、e 放于句首。I was listening to the radio at 7 this morning. He was cleaning the car when I arrived.What was he doing at this time yesterday.五、现在完成时:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开头,连续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语: already, just,yet, since, for, .基本结构: have/has + done否定形式: have/has + not +done
14、.一般疑问句: have 或 has。He has lost his wallet.I have already had my lunch.David hasn t finished his homework yet. Have you seen this film.Mary has been a translator for 20 years. They have lived here since 1987.How long have you lived here.动词过去分词变化规章:规章动词:规章动词的过去分词变化规章与过去式变化规章相同,包括4条。1. 直接在词尾加 -ed。如 : w
15、ant wanted, work worked, need needed, clean cleaned2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加 -d。如: like liked, live lived, use used, move moved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加 -ed。如: stop stopped, trip tripped可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词, 先把 y 变成 i,再加 -ed。如:study studied, carry carried, hurry hurried,
16、 marry married不规章动词:需要特别记忆。Be 动词 -beenhave-hadgo-gonecome-comeeat-eatendrink-drunk等等六、过去完成时:概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去 ”。时间状语: before, after. 基本结构: had + done.否定形式: had + not + done.一般疑问句: had 放于句首。The bus had already left before I arrived at the station. He went to the park a
17、fter he had finished his work.七、一般将来时:概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及准备、方案或预备做某事。时间状语: tomorrow, next dayweek,month, year ,soon, in a fewminutes, the day after tomorrow,基本结构: am/is/are going to + do 。 will + do.否定形式: am/is/are not going to + do 。 will not + do一般疑问句: be 放于句首。 will 提到句首。My family are going to Bei
18、jing next week. It is going to rain.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He will be 11 years old next year. We will leave in two hours.情态动词我们学过的情态动词有can, could, may, must, had better, have to情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面跟动词原形。Can1, 表示才能, “能够 ”I can swim very well.He can t sing or dance.2, 表示恳求, “可以 吗? ”Can I help you.Can you
19、 give the glass to me, please.Could1, can 的过去式,表示过去的才能,“能够 ”He could climb the mountain 30 years ago, but now he can t.2, 表示恳求,比can 更加委婉客气,此时could 非 can 的过去式。Could you help me, please.Could you bring the book to me. Could I borrow your bike.May表示恳求,比can 稍加委婉客气。 “可以 吗? ”May I come in.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载
20、精品名师归纳总结May I use your pen.Must1, 表示 “必需 ”I must go now.You must finish your work before you leave the company.2, mustn表示t “禁止 ”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Kate, you mustn t play with the knife, because iist You mustn t smoke in the classroom.too dangerous.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Had better最“好 ”否定形式: ha
21、d better notYou had better put on more clothes. It is cold outside. We d better leave at once.You had better not eat eggs.You d better not go out at this time.Have to不“得不 ”David has to take care of his litter sister because his parents are not at home. They have to stay at home because it is raining
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