新目标八级英语下册第一至第十单元知识点总结.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结2022 新版八年级英语下册第一至第十单元学问点总结Unit 1 What s the matter.一、基础学问1. What s the matt怎er.么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】 matter/ m.t .r /n. 问题。事情What s the matter with you.= What s the trouble with you.= What s wrong with you你. 怎么了？have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomach

2、ache胃疼,肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼4. much too+形容词, too much+不行数名词5. enough【形容、副词】足够的 /的, enough good enough足够好, enough money=much money8. sound like+名词代词和从句： It sounds like you don t knouwtht.he tr It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词, “听起来,似乎 ”, The music sounds nice.9. need 需要,实义动词 ne

3、ed+名词,需要某物。need to do sth需. 要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.10. get off the bus 下（公交车）get on 上车11. agree 同意,赞同。agree with sb. 同意某人12. trouble 问题,麻烦 。be in troublemake trouble ,have trouble in doing sth. =have difficulties in doing sth13. right away=right now=at once,立刻

4、,立刻14. advice 不行数名词 劝说,建议,向 征求看法,give sb. advice on sth就. 某事给某人建议。15. exercise 练习、锤炼当 exercise意为“练习”时,为可数名词 即可加 s当 exercise意为“锤炼”时,为不行数名词 即不加 s16. hurt 及物动词, 使 疼痛, 受伤, 不及物动词, （部位）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结疼。 His leg hurt badly.18. hit （用手或器具）打。击打The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb. on the head/ no

5、se/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背, on 用在所打较硬的部位。hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子, in 用在所打较软的部位。19. be used to sth./ doing sth习. 惯于、适应了 、做某事,强调状态。used to sth./ doing sth. 变得习惯,“逐步适应 ”强调过程、动作：It s difficult for one to get used to another country s habit.20. free 形容词 闲暇的 free time。免费的 the drink is for fr

6、ee。 自由的 I want to become a free bird.free 使 解脱,得到自由： He could not free his arm.21. run out 用完,用完物 sth. run out. 某物用完了。人 sb. run out of sth. 人用完了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22. risk sb. to do sth. 冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of doing sth（.做）某事的重要性importance n. 重要（性

7、）, important adj.重要的, decision 【名词】打算。选择。25. be in the control of掌管,管理The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control 无法掌握,无法治理be under control被掌握住,在掌握之中26. 【复习】 mind 意为, Would you mind my opening the window.27. give up doing sth. 舍弃（做）某事,give up playing computer games。give up

8、 后可接名词、代词和动词 ing 形式,也可不接,如 : Never give up easily.Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结一、基本学问点2. cheer sb. up（让某人）变得兴奋。兴奋起来3. give out 分发。散发,相当于 hand out, 4.give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人 。5. used to do sth.过去/曾经常做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作或状态, 并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的,无感

9、情颜色：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.lonely （感到）孤独孤寂的,带有很强的感情颜色,可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth照. 顾。照管 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结care【名词】当心,关怀 take care of=look after关怀,在意某人 /事【动词】care about sb./sth.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【形容词】 careful 认真的 / car

10、eless 马虎的 【副词】 carefully 认真的8. such 这“样的,这种,如此 ”,用于修饰名词such+ a/ an+形容词 +单数名词： such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 出色的竞赛such+形容词 +复数名词 /不行数名词： such important decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味的食物假如名词前被 many, much, few, little 修饰时, 只能用 so,而不用 such：so many sick children/ so littl

11、e time可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结9. try out for参与选拔,争取成为 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out 试用,试验10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行,行程。trip【名词】多指短途旅行。travel【名词、动词】 travel around the world【名词】 traveler 旅行者11. 【复习】 be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy

12、doing sth.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结忙于（做）什么事情12. 】try doing sth. 试着去做某事 只是一种尝试try to do sth. 试着做 尽力去做某事try one s best otosthd. 尽某人最大的努力去做某事13. be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth.担忧某人、某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结14. raise money集资,筹钱。 raise money for raise【动词】举起。提高。募集为 筹钱可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名

13、师归纳总结15. keep【动词】 keep+名词,保留（某物） 。 keep+形容词,保持16. 【形容词】 broken 破旧的,出毛病的。 blind 瞎的,失明的。 deaf 聋的。 disabled 有残疾的,丢失才能的。在句中做定语和表语。17. make it possible for sb. to do sth使. （某人）做某事成为可能,You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.make it +形容词 +for sb. to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为 。think/find it + 形容词 to d

14、o sth.18. make a difference to对有影响。对 有作用, difference 前可以用 no, any, some, much等修饰,如19. difficulty 【可数/不行数】表示抽象意义的 “困难 ”时为不行数。表示详细的 “难题、难事 ”时为可数。have difficulty in doing sth.= have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困难20. train【动词】训练, trained 为过去分词,可做定语,意为 “受过训练的”a trained dog21. be excited about sth.对某事感到兴奋 ,

15、Everyone is excited about the good news.excited 意为兴奋的,修饰人。 exciting 意为令人兴奋 /兴奋的,修饰物。22. order【名词】命令,指示。次序,次序【动词】订购。点（菜） follow the order。23. chang【e 动词】变化,转变 It s hard for a person to change his lifestyle.【名词】变化。零钱change A for B用 A 换成 B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB

16、.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结24. repair 【动词】修理,修补。 fix 【动词】安装。使固定 【fix up 修理=repair】Unit3 Could you please clean your room.1,Could you please（not） do sth .请你（做）好吗？用于提出恳求,期望得到对方的确定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是 can的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】确定回答： Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答： Sorry , I cantCou

17、ld I do a sth. 我可以做吗？用于表达恳求,语气比较委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend.2,at least 至少,多指数量或程度上的最低限度。 反 at most 至多,不超过3, finish v 终止。完成 finish doing sth 做完某事【留意】 enough 修饰名词时,置于名词前。修饰形容词时,置于形容词之后。【拓展】 take 构成的短语：take a walk 去漫步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照管 take off 脱下。起飞 take up 占据 take do

18、wn 拿下 take one s tim不e急。渐渐来 take one s temperature 量体温4. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .我刚坐在电视机前面,我妈妈就过来了。【解析 1】the minute = assoon as 一“. 就.”【解析 2】 in front of 指在物体外部的前面There is a bike in front of the classroom指. 在物体内部的前面Our teacher is standing in the front of the class

19、room【留意】有 the 无 the 区分大： at table 吃饭。进餐 at the tabel 在桌边 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院（不肯定看病）【解析 3】come over 过来【拓展】 come 短语：come across（偶然）发觉 come back 回来 come up with 想出可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结come true实现 come down下来come from=be from 来自,诞生于此处删除come in/into 进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点

20、come and go来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来,花开,照片冲洗出来5. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house.你总是看电视,从不帮忙做家务！ all the time = always 始终。总是可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结6. I m just as tired as you a我re和.【解析】 as.as . 和.一样.你一样累！可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结7. For one week , she did not do any ho

21、usework and neither did I.一周的时间,她不做任何家务,我也不做。【解析】 neither +助动词 /系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语）也不 ” neither 两者都不neither nor 既不也不,连接两个词做主语, 谓语动词由后一个主语确定 Neither Tom nor Jim is a student10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.其次天,妈妈下班回到家后发觉房间很洁净、洁净。【解析】 find + 宾语+宾语补足语【注】 f

22、ind foundfound v 查找1 find sb. doing sth 发觉某人做某事 2 find it + adj. + to do sth发觉做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth发觉做某事很困难11. She asked in surprise她. 惊讶的问道。【解析】 in surprise 诧异的。惊讶的surprise v 使惊讶surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 surprised adj. 惊讶的to one s surpr使ise某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶的be surprised at 对 感到惊讶 T

23、o my surprise_使我惊讶的是）, he got the first prize in the exam.【解析 1】need v 需要用于确定句,是实义动词。(1) 人做主语, sb. need to do sth某人需要做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结(2) 物做主语, sth need doing sth= sth need to be done用于否定句或疑问句,是情态动词(1) needn t = dohnavetot 没有必要(2) need ,must 引导的一般疑问句,确定会的用 must,否定回答用 neednt Must I go there

24、 now. Yes, you must/No, you neednt【解析 2】share 共享。共用 share sth 共享或共用某物 share sth with sb.与某人共享某物8. Could I hang out with my friends after the movie.看完电影后我能和伴侣们一起闲逛吗？ hang out 闲逛 hang up 把 悬挂/挂起9. Could you please pass me the sal你t.能把盐递给我吗？ pass v 给。递。走过。通过 pass sb.sth把某物递给某人 v 通过。路过 I pass your home.

25、 v 通过（考试）。及格 Tom can pass his math exam.10. Could I borrow that book.我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money.你能借我一些钱吗？【解析】 borrow /lend/keep(1) borrow 借入 ,与 from 连用,尤指主语 “【借进来 ”】borrow sth from sb.从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library.(2) lend 借出 ,与 to 搭配 【指借出去】 lend sb sth=lend sth to s

26、b把某物借给某人 He doesnt want to lend his book to others.(3) keep 保留,储存（连续动词,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用） 【指借一段时间】11. I cut my finger and I m trying not to g我e的t it手w指et.割伤了, 伤口不能弄湿。【解析】 try not to do sth 努力（不）做某事 try v 试图,设法,努力【拓展】 1try on 试穿 2 try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 3 try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】(4) try one s be

27、st to do sth= doboenset to do sth 尽s 某人最大努力做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结12. I hate to do chores. 我厌恶做家务。hate to do sth 厌恶做某事 , 表示某次详细行为或动作。hate doing sth不情愿做某事 表示常常或习惯性行为或动作。13.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then.那我能恳求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解析】 ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。 ask for 恳求,要某物ask sb. about st

28、h向某人询问关于某事1ask sb. for help 向某人恳求帮忙2 ask sb. not to do sth恳求某人做某事14.I ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候,我将完成我的家庭作业。【解析 1】finish doing sth 完成某事【解析 2】while conj.在“ 期间。 当 的时候”While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是连续动词。【解析 3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮忙某人。15. Could I invite my friends to

29、a party. 我能邀请我的伴侣们来聚会吗？【解析】 invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某的【解析】 invite v invitation邀n 请(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2) invite sb. to +的点 邀请某人去某的16.Idon tunderstand whysome parents maketheirkidshelpwith housework and chores at home.我不懂得为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。【解析】 make sb. do sth 让某人做某事make made made 做v.

30、 , 制作, 使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物 ” make you happy(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh. 17.They don t have timoestudy and do housework, too.他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。【解析】 have time to do sth有.时间做某事 have time =be free 有空可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结18. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在铺张他们的时间。【

31、解析】 a waste of 铺张 a waste of time 铺张时间a waste of money 铺张金钱waste time/money on sth waste time / money in doing sth在做某事上花费时间 /金钱(2) pay paid pa支id付v ,主语是人 sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.(3) cost cost co花st费v,主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money.(4

32、) take took take花n 费v It takes /took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.【解析 2】in order to 目的“是。为了 ”后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了做某事【解析 3】get into =enter 进入【拓展】与 get 相关的短语：get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服get dressed穿衣 get into 进入 get/be lost 丢失 get off/on 下/上车g

33、et on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of 从出来 get warm 变暧可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结get ready for +n.为 做预备 get ready to do sth准. get well 康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会备做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结get/go to sleepfall asleep入 睡 相关： be asleep睡着【解析】 provide sth. for sb. 为某人供应某物provide v 供应 provide sb. with sth. sb 前

34、介词用 for=provide sth for sb. sth 前需加介词 with 供应某人某物相当于：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.19. 【解析】 It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的20. 【解析】 depend on 依靠。信任21. 【解析 1】 do one s pa尽rt 职责。 尽本分 Do one s part in doing st在h做某事上尽职责可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结keep 系动词 “保持 ”keep + adj .We must keep hea

35、lthy实. 义动词 “保持。连续 ”(1) keep on doing sth 连续做某事(2) keep sb. Doing sth 让某人始终做某事22. 【解析】 develop independence培育独立意识develop v development n 进展 developing adj. 进展 developed adj.发达的a developing country 一个进展中国家 a developed country 一个发达国家23. the importance of saving these animals第一个做某事的人24.【解析】 take care of

36、 照管【拓展】与 take 相关的短语：take photos/pictures 照像 take away 拿走 take out 取出workout 算出 take care当心 take medicine 服药 take place 发生 take one s temperature 量体温 take one s tim别e焦急 take a walk 漫步25.【解析 1】as a result 结果 （插入语,放在句首,用逗号隔开） Don t ask him too late into the night,As a result, he is only a small child.【

37、解析 2】fall ill生病 fall asleep 入睡26 .【解析】 the + 比较级, the + 比较级 “越. 越.”The more you smile, thehappieryou will feel.Unit 4 Why don t you talk to your parents.一、基础学问1. Why don t you talk to your paren你ts.为什么不和你打父母谈谈了？【解析】 Why dont you do sth .= Why not do sth. 为什么不了？【拓展】用于提建议的句型有：(1) What about doing sth

38、.=How about doing sth.怎么样？ .(2) Why don t ydoou sth.= Why not do sth. 为什么不了？ 3Let s do让st我h.们一起做某事吧。(4) Shall we/I do sth.我们做 好吗？(5) had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做好吗？(7) Would you like to do sth. 你想去做某事吗？(8) Would you mind doing sth？你介意做

39、某事吗？【回答】 1. 同意对方的建议时,一般用： Good idea./ Thats good id好ea主. 意 OK/ All right./ Great好/ 行/太好了 Yes, please ./ I d lo是ve的to/ 我情愿 I agree with you 我同意你的看法 No problem 没问题 Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以 Yes, I think so 对,我也这样想2.对对方的帮忙或要求表示委婉谢绝时,一般用：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 I don t think so我认为不是这样 Sorry, I ca

40、n对不t起,我不能可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I d love to, but I m afraid 我情愿,但唯恐 【解析 1】1too many + 复数名词 很多 too many people 2too much +不行数名词 很多 too much homework 3much too +形容词 太 much too cold2,【解析】 allow sb. to do sth 答应某人做某事【拓展】 allow v答应allow doing sth 答应做某事 They don t allow smoking. allow sb. to do sth答应某人做某

41、事 My mother allows me to watch TV . be allowed to do sth被答应做某事【拓展】 allow 与 let 的辨析：allow 指“答应”,表示 “默许,听任,不加阻挡 ”, allow sb to do sth 答应某人做某事。Let 指“让”, let sb do sth让某人做某事,语意较弱,多用于口语中, let 不能用于被动语态。3,【解析】 go to sleep 去睡觉 强调“入睡,睡着 ”这一动作）4,【解析】 look 看起来 （系动词,后跟形容词作宾语）【拓展】：系动词：后跟 adj. 作表语一是：（ be） am /is

42、/are be quiet=keep quiet保持寂静 二保持： stay/keep（表示连续状态）stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康三变化： become/get/turn（ 表示状态变化） 五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel（ 表示感觉）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结5, find sb. doing sth 发觉某人正在做某事6, look through 浏览【拓展】与 look 相关的短语：look for look after=take care of look like look the same look

43、 over look through look out look up look around look forward to7,【解析】 be angry with sb. 生某人的气【拓展】 angry adj. 愤怒的 angrily adv. 愤怒的(1) be angry with sb. =be mad at sb.对某人愤怒【 with 后接人】(2) be angry at/about sth对某事感到愤怒 【at 后接事】3be angry to do sth 做某事感到愤怒8, although/however 辨析 although conj, “虽然。即使。纵然 ”,引

44、导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。 however adv,在句中作插入语,起一个连词的作用,一般用逗号与句子分开,可放在句首或句中,意为 “然而,尽管如此 ”。9, leave v 遗忘,留下 leave sth . somewhere把某物忘在某的leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下10, hope v 期望hope to do sth hope + that从句 （表示期望）wish v 期望 wish to do sth wish sb.to do sth 期望某人做某事11,get on with sb. 和某人和谐相处。 和某人关系良好 =get along w

45、ith get on well/ badly with相处的好 /坏12,argue 争执argue with sb. 与某人争执 argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争执13,be nice to sb. 对某人友好 be friendly to sb be good to sb.14,refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事15, offer to do sth 主动提出做某事【拓展】 offer v 主动赐予(1) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事(2) offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动供应应某人某物可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1, 6communicate v沟通 communication n 沟通。沟