新版新目标英语八级上册-知识点总结.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结Unit1 Where did you go on vacation.短语go on vacation去度假be on vacation 度假 stay at home 待在家里go to the mountains 去爬山 go to the beach去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp 去参观夏令营quite a few 相当多study for 为而学习go out 出去 most of the time大部分时间taste good 尝起来很好吃 have a good time 玩得兴奋of course 当然show sb

2、. Sth.=show sth. to sb出. 示某物给某人看feel like 给的感觉。感受到 feel like doing sthgo shopping去购物 in the past 在过去 walk around 四处走走 because of 由于a/one bowl of 一碗 the next day 其次天 drink tea 喝茶 find out 找出。查明 go on 连续 take photos 照相something important 重要的事 up and down 上上下下 come up 出来不定代词有 all, each, both, either, n

3、either, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, a few, a little, both, enough, every等,以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词 即 somebody, anyone, nothing 等。在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但是代词none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而no 和every 就只用作定语。复合不定代词： 由 some,any,

4、no,every 加上-body,-one,-thing 构成的不定代词,叫做复合不定代词。somebody = someone某人something 某物,某事anybody = anyone任何人 anything 什么事物 / 任何事物 / 无论什么事物nobody = no one 没有人,不重要的人nothing 没有东西,什么也没有 ;不重要的人或事everybody = everyone每人,人人,全部人 everything 每一个事物,一切词组： for nothing 白费,没有好结果 / 免费,nothing but 仅仅/ 只不过, Its nothing. 不用谢,不

5、必在意 anybody else别人（1） ）复合不定代词只相当于名词 ,在句子中作主语、 宾语和表语, 而不能作定语。Everything is made of elements任. 何东西都是元素构成的。 （作主语）I have nothing to say toady我. 今日没什么可讲的。（作宾语）Thats nothing.没什么。（作表语）（2） ）作主语时,谓语动词用单数。（3） ）代替与-thing 构成的复合不定代词,用it 。代替与-body, -one 构成的复合不定代词,一般用 they,在正式文体中可用 he。如： Everyone knows what they h

6、ave to do, dont they ？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Everyone knows what he has to do, doesn是吗？t he . 每个人都知道他必需做什么,不可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结（2） ）something 和 anything 的区分与 some 和 any 的区分一样,前者一般用于确定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告知你。 （确定句）Someone is asking to see you有.

7、 人要见你。（确定句）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Has anything happened ？出什么事了吗？（疑问句）We cant decide anything now我.们现在不能作什么打算。（否定句）If you want anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。 （条件状语从句）（3） ）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时,形容词或不定式等须放在它们的后面。 There is nothing wrong with the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。 （形容词） This is something special.这是种特殊的东西。（形

8、容词）Is there anything important in todays newspaper.今日报纸上有什么重要消息吗？（形容词）Do you want anything to drink .你想喝点什么吗？If there is anything I can do for you , please tell me. 假如有什么我能帮你的 ,请告知我。除与 -thing 构成的复合不定代词外,即 everyone、everybody、someone, somebody 都有全部格形式。当其后有 else 时,s 要加在 else 后面。如： That must be somebody

9、 elses coat; it isnt mine. 那肯定是别人的外衣,不是我的。 everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody,只指人,不能与 of 短语连用。every one,any one 可指人也可指物,肯定要与 of 连用才可以。如： Is anybody here. You can take any one of these.你可以任凭拿一个。与 some-,any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与some, any 的用法相同。与 any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中,not any-构成完全否定, 但没有 any- not 的说法。与 som

10、e-构成的复合不定代词用于确定句、预料作确定回答的疑问句、建议或恳求的疑问句中【巧记复合代词分合】：分合皆能单独用,后加of 合不成。【巧学不定代词】：不定代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏。单数动词作谓语,何时何的都一样。buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来 look+adj. 看起来 smell 闻起来 sound 听起来 feel 感觉起来tastedelicious lookbeautiful smellterriblesound wonderful feel comfortable /tired / bored/nothi

11、ng but+动词原形除了之外什么都没有seem+（to be）+ adj.看起来 No one seemed to be bored. seem to do sth.arrive in+大的点 / arrive at+小的点到达某的decide to do sth.打算去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力去做某事forget doing sth.遗忘做过某事 / forget to do sth. 遗忘做某事enjoy doing sth.宠爱做某事dislike doing sth. 不宠爱做某事want to do sth.想去做某事st

12、art doing sth.开头做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事keep doing sth.连续做某事keep on doing sth. 反复做某事有小停留Why not do. sth.为什么不做了？ so+adj.+that+从句如此以至于it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说做怎么样tell sb. not to do sth. 告知某人（不要）做某事ask sb. not to do sth. 要求某人可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结（不要）做某事want sb. n

13、ot to do sth. 想要某人（不要）做某事1. anywhere 与 somewhere两者都是不定副词。anywhere在任何的方 , 常用于否定句和疑问句中。 I can t find it anywhere. somewhere在某处,到某处,常用于确定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容词看起来 . You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、似乎做某事I seem to have a coldI seems / seemed + 从句 看起来似乎。似乎 .It seems t

14、hat no one believe you.seem like .似乎,似乎 .It seems like a god idea.3. decide to do sth.打算做某事They decide to visit the museum. decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth.开头,可与 begin 互换 。He started doing his homework.但以下几种情形不能用begin .1) 创办,开办：He started a ne

15、w bookshop last month.2) 机器开动： I cant start my car.3) 动身,动身：I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词,多于,超过,在以上（表示数目、程度）= more than My father is over 40 years old.在之上,与物体垂直且不接触,与under 相反。 There is a map over theblackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio.遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. t

16、oo many 太多,后接可数名词复数：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much太多,修饰不行数名词,修饰动词作状语。We have too much work to do.Dont talk too much. Much too太,修饰形容词或副词。The hat is much too big for me.You re walking much too fast.辨论三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区分看后头： much 后接不行数,too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住,后面名词必复数。7. bec

17、ause of介词短语,由于,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 连词,由于,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的缘由或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.Unit2 How often do you exercise.help with housework 帮忙做家务on weekends在周末how often 多久一次 hardly ever 几乎从不once a week 每周一次twice a month 每月两次ever

18、y day 每天be free有空go to the movies 去看电影use the Internet 用互联网swing dance 摇摆舞play tennis 打网球可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结stay up late 熬夜。睡得很晚at least 至少have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early 早点睡觉play sports 进行体育活动be good for 对有好处sb. spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时间be bad for 对有坏处sb. spend time / mo

19、ney on sth. 在某方面花费时间 / 金钱be good with 与友好相处sb. spend time /money in doing sth.在做某事上花费时间 / 金钱be good at sth./ doing sth 善于某事 / 做某事be friendly with sb. 与某人友好相处be friendly to sb. 对某人友好be kind to sb. 对某人友好go camping去野营not at all 一点儿也不in ones free time 在某人的业余时间the most popular 最受欢迎的such as比如。诸如old habits

20、 die hard 积习难改go to the dentist 去看牙医morn than 多于。超过less than 少于help sb. with sth.帮忙某人做某事How about .怎么样？ / 好不好？want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事How many+可数名词复数 +一般疑问句？ 有多少 .主语+find+that 从句.发觉It s+ adj.+ to do sth.做某事的的。ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事by doing sth. 通过做某事Whats your favorite

21、 .你最宠爱的是什么？the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式Whichdo you like best. 你最宠爱词语辨析：1.how often 多久一次, 用来提问动作发生的频率。 回答用： once,twice, three times 等词语。How often do you play sports.Three times a week.how long多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here. How long is the ruler.how for 多远

22、, 用来询问距离,指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park. Its about 2 kilometers.1. free 闲暇的,有空的, 反义词为 busy. be free 有空,闲着,相当于 have time.Ill be free next week. = I ll have time next week.仍可作“免费的、自由的”解。 be free to do sth. 自由的做某事。The tickets are free.Yourefree to go or to stay.2. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事

23、情很古怪,有点想不通。可单独使用,也可引导一个问句,相当于疑问句why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍旧是陈述语序。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结How didn t Tom come to the party. = Why didn t Tom come to the party.3. stay up late指“熬夜到很晚,迟睡” 。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜,不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.4. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”

24、的动作及过程,但人不肯定睡着。I went to bed ateleven lastnight.go to sleep 强调“入睡,睡着,进入梦乡” 。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5. find + 宾语 +名词, 发觉 ： We have found him to be a good boy. find + 宾语 + 形容词, 发觉： He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词, 发觉 ： I found her standing at the door.6. percent 百分数, 基数词

25、 + percent： percent 没有复数形式,作主语时,依据所修饰的名词来判定谓语的单复数。Forty percent of the students in our classare girls.Thirty percent of time passed.7. more than 超过,多于,不仅仅,相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为： less than.I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容词, 担忧的,可怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid w

26、e can t come here on time.be afraid of sb / sth 可怕某人 / 某事。 be afraid of doing sth.可怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark.Dont be afraid of asking question. Im afraid + 从句, 唯恐, 担忧： Im afraid I have to go now.be afraid to do sth 可怕做某事10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区分：sometimes 频

27、度副词, 有时。表示动作发生的不常常性,多与一般现在时连用, 可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up.sometime副词,某个时候。 表示不准确或不详细的时间,常用于过去时或将来时,对它用疑问词 when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week.-When will you go to Shanghai next week.some times名词词组, 几次,几倍。其中 time 是可数名词,对它提问用howmany times.I have read

28、the story some times.-How many times have you read the story. some time 名词短语, 一段时间 . 表示“一段时间”时,句中谓语动词常为连续性动词,提问时用 How long.I will stay here for some time.-How long will you stay here.【词语辨析】一、maybe / may be1. The baby is cryingshe is hungry.2. The womana teacher .maybe 是副词,意为“大致, 可能,或许”,一般用于句首。 May b

29、e 是情态动词,意为“可能是 .,或许是 .,大致是 .” .二、a few / few / a little / little1. people can live to 100,butpeople can live to 150.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2. There istime left, I dont catch the first bus.3. Could you give memilk.a few 少数的,几个,一些 a little 一点儿,少量 表示确定few 很少的,几乎没有的 little很少的,几乎没有的 表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不行数名词三、n

30、one / no one1、of the pens are mine . 2、is in the classroom.none 指人或物,强调数量,用 how many 提问,常与 of 连用。 no one 多指人, 强调“无人”这种状态,用 who 提问,不行与 of 连用,作主语时,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。四、hard / hardly1. The ground is tooto dig2. I canunderstand them.3. It s raining,the people cango outside.hard 作形容词,意为“困难的,艰苦的,硬的” 。作副词,意为“努

31、力的, 猛烈的”。Hardly 意为“几乎不”。Unit3 I m more outgoing than my sister.Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.Thats Tara, isn t it.Are you as friendly as your sister.I m shy so it s not easy for me to make friends.moreoutgoing更外向as as与一样thesinging competition 唱歌竞赛be similar

32、to 与相像的 / 类似的be the same as 和相同。与一样be different from 与不同care about 关怀。介意look after 照料 take care of 照料be like a mirror 像一面镜子the most important 最重要的as long as只要。既然bring out 使显现。使表现出get better grades 取得更好的成果reach for 伸手取in fact 事实上。实际上make friends 交伴侣the other 其他的touch ones heart 感动某人be talented in mus

33、ic 有音乐天赋be good at 善于be good with 善于与相处have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣be good at doing sth 善于做某事make sb. do sth让.某人做某事want to do sth.想要做某事as+adj./adv.的原级 +as 与一样Its+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.对某人来说,做某事的。词语辨析：laugh v. & n.笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke.她说了个笑话,我们都大声笑起来。We all laughed at his joke

34、. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最终,谁笑得最好。 / 不要兴奋得太早。（与 at 连用） laughat 嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen.人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics.大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。笑。笑声We had a good laugh at his joke.我们被他的笑话

35、逗得哈哈大笑。though conj. 虽然。纵然。即使。尽管= althoughThough it was raining,he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨,他仍是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy.虽然他很穷却很欢乐。留意：不能受汉语的影响,在 though 引导的从句后使用 but 。如： Though he was poor,but he was happy.（误）thoughadv. 不过,可是,然而,常用于句末,用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though.形容词和副词

36、的比较级、最高级大 多数 形容 词 和副 词有 三个 等级 ： 1 ） 原 级（ 不作 比较 ）, 修 饰词very,so,too,pretty,really。2）比较级,表示“较”或“更”的意思（两者 之间进行比较） , 标志词 than,A or B,of the two, 修饰词 much,a lot,a little 。3）最高级,表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较）,形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词 the,后面可带 in（of ）短语来什么比较的范畴。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规章变化： 构 成 方 法-原级-比较级 -最高级单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加 -er 或-e

37、st short-shorter-shortest以字母 e 词尾的词,加 -r 或-stfine- finer-finestlate- later- latest重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写辅音字母,再加-er 或-est hot big-bigger-biggestthin-thinnerthinnesthot-hotter-hottestfat-fatterfattest以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的双音节词,先把“y”改为“ i ”,再加 -er 或 -est easy-easier-easiestearly-earlier-earliestfunny- funnierfun

38、niest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加 more 或 mostathletic-more athletic-most athleticbeautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful outgoing- more outgoing- most outgoing形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规章变化：原 级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbest bad/badlyworseworst many/muchmoremost littlelessleastFarfarther（更远） farthest最远 further （更深远） furthest（最深远

39、 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结as 原级as 与一样not as/so as 不如Liming is as tall as Jim.Jack runs as fast as Tom.Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Lucy.三、翻译句子：1、谁比 Jim 年纪大？是你。 is than Jim？ are. 2、谁比 David 更强壮？是 Gao Shan. than David. Gao Shan. 3、谁的铅笔更长,他的仍是她的？我想是她的。 pencil is,or？is,I think. 4

40、、谁的苹果更重,你的姐姐的仍是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。 apples ,youror your. My .5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。 asas your uncle. Yes, I am. 6、他和他的伴侣 Jim 一样年轻。Heasas Jim. 7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不,她比他瘦。 asastwin. No, than him.8. 我跳得和 Mike 一样远。Iasas Mike.9. Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的 ,他和我跑得一样快。 Tom than you. No, he. Heasas.10. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不,我比他放得低。 youthe kitetha

41、n Wang bing. No, Iitthan. 11.我宠爱游泳。我全部的伴侣都游得比我慢。I like.All my than me.12.我的姐姐起得比我早。My upthan me. 13.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。 the girls the boys. Yes, they.14.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不,他们踢得和我一样好。 youfootballthan your classmates.No, theyasas me. 15我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My than my. 16.她的毛衣和我的一样重。 sweaterasas.17. 我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。My dresstoo. I want toaone.18. Im taller than Mike . 改成用原级的比较 Imasas Mike .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载