新课标英语八级上册语法点总结.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结Unit 1 How often do you exercise.Grammar: 特别疑问句： wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。特别疑问句的构成及用法：1. 结构：特别疑问词+ 一般疑问句, 即：特别疑问词 +be/助动词 /情态动词 +主语+谓语 /表语（ +其他）疑问代词：1) Who: 谁。做主语,用来指人Who is the boy under the tree. 2） Whom 谁,做宾语,用来指人Whom are you writing to.3) Whose 谁的,用来

2、指所属关系,假如做定语,一般后接名词Whose pen is this.4) Which哪个,哪些,用来指对人或物在肯定范畴之内进行挑选Which grils will in the sports meeting. Which pen is Lily s.5) What 什么,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范畴的情形下What can you see in the picture. What are you doing now.疑问副词：1) When: 何时,询问时间When will she come back.2) Where 何的,询问的点,Where do you come f

3、rom.3) Why 为什么,询问缘由,Why are you late for school.4) How 如何,询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等How do you usually go to school.5) How old 多大,询问年龄, How old is Jim s little brother.6) How many/much 多少,询问数量How many birds are there in the tree.7) How far 多远,询问距离,How far is it form your home to school.8) How long 多长,多久,询问时间的长

4、度或距离How long will you stay in Beijing.9) How often 多长时间按一次,询问频率How often do you go to see your grandparents.10) How soon 多久,询问时间 How soon will you come back.频率副词：表示动作发生的频率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.Unit 2 What s the matter with you.Grammar:1. 用 have 来描述身体不适have/have got a +疾病名字。得了 病2.

5、 情态动词 should,情态动词 should,can, may, must 没有人称和时态的变化,后接动词原形Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation.Grammar: 现在进行时表将来一般将来时表示将要做某事或方案准备做某事要用到句型“be+doing ”其中 be 是助动词,它有人称和单复数的变化。 Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing 是现在进行时的形式,但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来,常用于表示即将来临的将来预定要做的事情,一般指个人方案要做的事。用于此情形的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词,如,go, come, leave, s

6、tart, arrive, move 等。一确定句中,结构为“be+doing. ” I am going shopping this afternoon.二否定句是在 be 之后加 not. I m not going to shopping this afternoon.三一般疑问句是将be 置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon. Yes, I am/ we are. No, I m not./ We arent.四特别疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。”What are you doing for vacation.When is he go

7、ing camping. Who are you going there with.Where is she going.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Unit 4 How do you get to school.Grammar:How 引导的特别疑问句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much 等词开头的疑问句。How does he get to shool.- He takes the train to get to shool.How long does it take to walk. -It ta

8、kes about 35 minutes to walk.How far is it from your home to school. Its four miles from my home to school. How old is he now.She is twelve years old now.How many storybooks do you have. I have five storybooks. How much is this coat. This coat is 200 yuan.特别疑问句的简略结构：how about .+ 名词或动词 -ing 形式,用于提出建议

9、、恳求或征求看法、询问消息等。如：How about playing tennis.Unit 5 Can you come to my party.Grammar: 情态动词 can 及邀请句式及其问答一情态动词can 的用法：Can 是最长用的情态动词,其后跟动词原形,can 的否定形式为 cannot, cant.1. can 表“才能”,意思是：能,会I can paly basketball,but I can t swim.2. can 表示才能时可和 be able to 互换, be able to 有更多的时态,常被用来表示can 所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. Th

10、ey willbe able to run this machine on their own inthree months.3. 表示“可能性”,意思是：可以,可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.4. 表示答应,意思是可以能够You can have the book when I have finished it.5. 表示“惊奇、不信任等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”。意思是“会、可能。”This cant be true. Can it be true.二如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请1. 表达邀请的常用句型： Can you come

11、to. Could you come to .Would you like to come to .Do you want to come to .2. 接受邀请的常用句型：Sure. Certainly.OK. I d love to.3. 谢绝邀请的常用句型：I m sorry, I cant. I have to I m afraid I can t. I have to I don t think I can. I have to Unit 6 I m more outgoing than my sister.Grammar: 形容词的比较级一规章变化、不规章变化（课本P93）二 th

12、an 是比较级中最常见的标志词,意思是“比”。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.Youre older than I am. You are older than me.三形容词比较级前,有时可以用much,far, a little,abit, even, three times 等词来修饰。Much 和 far 表示“ 得多” ,much better 好得多, a little,a bit 表示略微,一些,一点。 a little shorter, 略微矮点。 even 表示“甚至,更加,仍要”even bigger 仍要大可编辑资料 - - -

13、 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结些, three times 表示 “ 三倍”,如 three times bigger than 比 大三倍Very 绝不行以用来修饰比较级,very,so,too, quite 修饰原级Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake.Grammar:可数名词与不行数名词一可数名词英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不行数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a 或 an,表示一个,如a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es（特别情形除外）,如 two bananas, three tomatoes. M

14、any many applesa few students few bags二不行数名词1.不行数名词指物体的数量不行数。不行数名词没有单复数之分,也不能在词前直接加冠词 a 或 an.表示不行数名词的数量时可在不行数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如a bag of 2.常见的量词短语有：a piece of a cup of a teaspoon of a bottle of3.不行数名词仍可以用下面的词表示数量：much much rain a little little 4.既可以修饰不行数名词又可以修饰不行数名词的词有：Lots of= a lot of 很多,大量some 一些（用

15、于确定句） any 一些（用于否定句和一般疑问句）Unit 8 How was your school trip. Grammar:一般过去时： 指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last yearweek,month ,twoyears ago, in2006等。有时也可用when,after,before, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的表达是谓语动词用过去式。谓语 be 动词 was/were否定： wasnt /weren t一 Be 动词句型一般疑问句： was/were +主语 特别疑问句：

16、疑问词 +was/were+ 主语陈述句：主语 +was/were+ 确定句 否定句：主语 +wasnt/weren t+二行为动词句型（当句中的动词为行为动词时,要借助动词did 构成一般疑问句和否定句）确定式：主语 +动词过去式否定式：主语 +didn t+动词原形 一般疑问句： Did + 主语+动词原形特别疑问句： Did+ 主语+动词原形Unit 9 When was he born.Grammar: 一般过去时的特别疑问句一般过去时的特别疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样,不同之处在于须将 be 动词或助动词改为过去时态,即“特别疑问词 +were 或 was第三人称单数 + 主语+（表

17、语） +其他成分”或“特别疑问词 +助动词 did+ 主语 +实义动词 +其他成分。”一、以 when 引导的特别疑问句,对某人的诞生年月进行提问,句型是：When was/were born. was/were born in + 时间When was David beckham born. 大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候诞生的？He was born in 1975.二以 how long 引导的特别疑问句,对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。句型是：How long did +主语+动词？How long did Charles Smith hiccup. He hiccupped for 69

18、years and 5 months.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结三 When did he start hiccupping. 他什么时候开头打嗝？ When +did+ 主语+动词？Unit 10 I m going to be a basketball player.Grammar: 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来常常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。1. be going to + 动词原形What are you going to do next Sunday.2. will/shall +动词原形 I will go

19、to my hometown next week.3. be +v.ingThe Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.4. be +动词不定式 You are to be back by 10 o clock.5. be + about + 动词不定式 The meeting is about to begin.Unit 11 Could you please clean your room.Grammar: 情态动词情态动词,表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度,包括可能、怀疑、答应、愿望、必要、推测等。 Can能、会

20、 ,may 可以 ,must 必需、肯定 等。情态动词的特点： 1 情态动词有肯定词义,但不能单独作谓语,必需和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语,且没有人称和数的变化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.(2) 变否定句时,直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。 He cant play the guitar well.He cant answer the question. You mustnt be late.(3) 含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时,须将情态动词提前。Can you

21、help me. Must I go there at once.(4) can 可表示才能、答应、可能性、怀疑推测,意为“能,会,可以。”cant, 意为“不能,不会,不行以。”,仍有“不行能”之意。-Can you drive. Sorry, I can t.It cant be true. 5can 也可表示恳求与邀请Can you please sweep the floor.Unit12 What s the best radio station.Grammar: 形容词 /副词的最高级,用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较,表示在一群人或事物中,其中一个“最”见课本 p93 语法

22、1. the +最高级 She is the tallest of all her classmates.2. 最高级可被序数词以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like 等修饰。 This hat is by far the biggest.3. 表示最高程度的形容词,excellent, extreme, prefect 等没有最高级也不能用比较级。He is an excellent teacher.4. 形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是,被修饰的词往往省略。He is the youngest boy in his class.5. Who/Which +be+ 最高级, A,B,or C. Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car.6. the +序数词 +最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class.7. One of the +最高级 +复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载