终极版初中知识点汇总.doc

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1、初一知识点Put up a tent 搭帐篷 Scary 吓人的,恐惧的,惊悚的（事物）Scared 使人害怕的（人）Jump up and down 上蹿下跳Quit a lot/quite a few 很多,相当多In the countryside 在乡下Go on a school trip Play with sb和某人玩耍Not at all 一点也不Not at all没关系Take photos/pictures 拍照May I take your order? 可以点菜了吗？A bowl of 一碗In one go 一口气,连续Make a wish 许愿Blow out

2、吹灭A symbol of 的象征The number of .的数量A number of 许多.In front of 在前面In front of the blackboardIn the front of在前面（内部）In the front of the roomBe of medium height 中等身高Criminal 罪犯Crime 犯罪Fight with 和. 并肩作战Fight against 和.战斗(敌对)On the right/leftCross 穿过 动词Across 在.对面 across from 横穿Leave a message 留信息Take a

3、message捎信息Call sb (up)给.打电话Call sb back 回电话Call sb at (号码)Email sb at(邮箱地址)Call sb back 回电话Be happy to do sthRight now At once 立刻；马上Wash clothes Do laundry 洗衣服Eat out 去外面吃Eat up 吃光Host family 寄宿家庭Talk on the phone 打电话Walk on two legs 两条腿走路Kind of boring 有点儿无聊Get /be lost 迷路Flag 旗帜ivory 象牙 cute 可爱的sm

4、art 聪明的Be late forSchool uniform校服On time 准时 in time 及时Make ones bed 整理床铺In the kitchen在厨房里Follow rules 遵守规则From. to.How far 多远How long 多久,多长时间；多长（长度）How soon 多久How often 多久一次（问频率）How many 可数How much 不可数Come true 实现make ones dream come true实现梦想Fulfil ones dreamAchieve ones dreamRealize ones dreamRad

5、io station 电台Take a shower 洗澡Take a walk go for a walk散步Brush ones teeth 刷牙Ask sb for sth Ill take（买） two pairs（双,对）Two dollars for one pairAt. (price ,speed)of .On +具体日期 On +节日/生日At+具体时间In+世纪/年/月动词be（is,am,are）的用法我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提

6、,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。所有格单数名词后直接加 “ s ”Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈以s结尾的复数名词,只加“ ”Teachers Day教师节 the twins books双胞胎的书不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“ s ”Childrens Day 儿童节 mens shoes男式鞋表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加s表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加sLucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)Lucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间,两间房

7、子）There be句型()There be句型主要用以表达“某处（某时）有某人（某物）。”其基本结构为“There be某物（某人）某地（某时）”其中there是引导词,没有词义；主语是be后面的名词, be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构：There be放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如：There is a book on the desk 有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如：On the desk there is a book()There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢？请先看看下面这首

8、歌诀：Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如：There is a tree behind the houseThere is some water（水）in the bottle（瓶子）There are some pears in the box()注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或

9、不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如：There is a book and some pens on the floorThere are some pens and a book on the floor英语日期的表示法用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August nd,(年月日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如：th May,(年月日)。英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。如：She was born in She was born in August She was born in August S

10、he was born on nd August, 名词单数变复数规则()一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”bookbooks,penpens,carcars,mapmaps,cartooncartoons()以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词+“es”boxboxes,watchwatches()以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”familyfamilies,comedycomedies()以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加esknifeknives,wifewives,handkerchiefhandkerchieves() 特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记：ch

11、ildchildren,manmen,footfeet,womanwomentoothteeth,sheepsheep,deerdeer foot feet goose geese时间的表达法()直读式,即直接读出时间数字: seven five : eight sixteen() 过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。（以分为分界线）: twenty-five past one : half past two: seventeen to four : twenty-two to five()小时制: am 上午点 : pm 下午点分()小时制: 点钟 : 点分()分可用quarter: a q

12、uarter past four : a quarter to six()时间前通常用介词atat oclock at : pm时间的问法()以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段,也可以是较短的时间点,如：When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候？ My birthday is Dec th 我的生日是月日。这里就是指一天的时间段When do you go home? 你几点回家？ I go home at : pm 我下午：回家这里when问的是具体的时间。()具体几点我们通常用what time提问,如：What time is it now?/What

13、s the time now? 现在几点了？ Its : 现在九点二十六。What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了？Its : Oh, Its minutes late :,哦,它慢了分钟。What time do you get up? 你几点起床？I get up at : am 我早上点起床。初二知识点 go on vacation 去度假 stay at home 待在家 quite a few 相当多；不少 most of the time 大多数时间 have a good time 玩的愉快 keep a diary 记日记 hardly nev

14、er 几乎从不 help with housework 帮助做家务 stay up late 熬夜 on weekend 在周末 junk food 垃圾食品 go to the dentist 去看牙医Quite a few 许多；大量Long time no see好久不见 singing competition 歌咏比赛 care about 关心,在意 be different from 与不同；与有差异Answer to 的答案 answer the phone 接电话 be on the phone 在打电话Move to搬到Ability to do sth做某事的能力Leave

15、 for动身前往某地Much even more可修饰比较级As long as 只要比较级的常见搭配： 比较级+than quieter than most kidsMore serious than most kidsMore and more +比较级 more and more popular比较级 and 比较级 taller and tallerThe 比较级,The 比较级 the more,the better越多越好Touch 感动；触摸 touched 感动的Touching 令人感动的 be similar to 与相似be similar with 对熟悉 be tal

16、ented in 在（某方面）有天赋 get good grades 取得好成绩so far 到目前为止 Have. in common 有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等方面）相同 all kinds of 各种类型的；各种各样的A variety of 许多 be up to 是.的职责；由决定 play a role/part in doing sth发挥作用；有影响 make up 编造、虚构（故事、谎言等）；弥补；化妆 take seriously 认真对待;当回事Serious 严重的；严肃的talent show 才艺表演Talent 才艺；才能 Talented 有才艺的；有才能的Ma

17、ke ones dreams come true 使某人实现梦想Dancer magician魔术师 talk show 访谈节目 Learn from. 向.学习find out 查明；弄清 action movie 动作片be ready to 准备好（做某事）；愿意做（做某事）dress up 装扮；乔装打扮 take sbs place 代替；替换 come out 开放；出版；上映 try ones best 尽某人最大的努力 be sure about 确信,对.有把握 make sure 确保；查明 Send. to 把.寄给 be able to do sth 能够做某事 at

18、 the beginning of 在.开始 write down 写下 have something to do with 关于；与.有关have nothing to do with与.无关 take up doing sth学着做；开始做;从事；占用（时间、空间） make a promise to sb 向某人保证/承诺 decide to do sth 决定做某事 feel like doing sth 想做某事 plan to do sth 计划做某事 hope to do sth 希望做某事expect to do sth 期待做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事Co

19、mfort v安慰 comfortable 舒服的；舒适的 comfortablyFreshest newest fantastic/great/wonderful fantasy n幻想 空想 win winner 频度副词频度副词表示事情发生的频率,对频度副词提问用how often。常见的频度副词如下：always, almost always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever（seldom）,never等。它们在频度上的差异可以这样表示：always（%）almost alwaysusuallyoftensometimeshardly ev

20、er（seldom）never（%）注意：频度副词通常放在动词前面,若句子里有情态动词、助动词或系动词be,则放在这类动词（第一个）的后面。如：Its always interesting to watch other people show their talentsI hardly ever watch TV形容词比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较等级的规则变化口诀比较级要变化,一般情况加-er。 词尾若有哑音e,直接加-r就可以。一辅重读闭音节,辅音字母要双写。辅音字母y结尾,变y为i加-er。最高级加-est,前面加the莫忘记。形容词副词若是多音节,只把more,most前面写。 wa

21、nt to be/become + (职业)名词 :“想要成为”I want to be (be) a scientist when I grow upwrite stories 写故事 tell stories 讲故事 keep on doing sth 继续做某事（表动作的反复）keeping doing sth 保持做某事（表动作或状态的持续） be sure about +名/代/V-ing“肯定”Are you sure about that?make sure (that)+从句“确保”Make sure that both doors are closed when you go

22、 out learn sth We must learn English every daylearn to do sth I am going to learn to play ( play) the piano discuss v 讨论；商量 discussion n.discuss with sb 与某人讨论 :Discuss this question with your partner Lets discuss this problem 让我们讨论一下这个问题。 All we need now is action, not discussion 我们现在需要的是行动,不是讨论。 be

23、 able to do sth 能够做某事 （1）can : can+动词原形,无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时,不能用于将来时。be able to + 动词原形,有人称和数的变化,可用于多种时态。（2）can 常指客观上能够；be able to 更侧重于经过努力、克服一定困难有能力做成某事。He will be able to(能够) speak English next year（在此不能填can）promise n 承诺；诺言 v 许诺；承诺；答应 A promise is a promise 一言既出,驷马难追make a promise(to sb) （对某人）许

24、下诺言keep a promise 遵守诺言 break a promise 违背诺言promise (sb) to do sth 许诺某人干某事promise (sb) +that 从句He promised to help me 他许诺过要帮助我。I promised that I study hard from now on 我承诺从现在起努力学习。I am going to take up cooking next year 明年我将要学煮饭。 Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keeptoo+形容词/副词原级 to+动

25、词原形,表示“太而不能”如：The kid is too young to play this game 这个小孩太小,不能玩这个游戏。 ones own +名词 “某人自己的东西”, 强调某物为个人所有my own book 我自己的书本Computer programmer电脑程序员Computer science计算机科学Keep on doing sth 书名By/written by+ 作者resolution愿望；决定；决心Improve 提高；改善Improvement n.改善；提高Write down 写下；记下Physical health 身体健康 mental heal

26、th 心里健康Have one thing in common/ Have something in common 有共同点Talk shows脱口秀 TV shows电视节目 soap operas 肥皂剧Appear出现 over/more than多余；超过 symbol 标志 steamboat 汽船A pair of 一双；一对 main 主要的 many+可数名词 许多much +不可数名词 许多 live to be+基数词 + years old“活到岁” be in great danger 处在极大的危险中 play a part in +sth/doing 参与某事/做某

27、事Everyone should play a part in saving the earth help (sb) with sth 帮助（某人）做某事He often helps me with my English help sb (to) do sth 帮助（某人）做 He often helps me study Englishhelp oneself ( to ) 随便吃,请便 Help yourself to the fish 请随便吃鱼Serve v 服务Service n. 服务Servant n.仆人,侍者over and over again 一再地；反复地 in the

28、 future将来 crowded adj.拥挤的 be able to do sth shape v.塑造；n.形状Fall down 倒塌；倒下 the same as 和一样 be different from 与不同 It takes sb some time to do sth 某人花了时间做某事(时态根据具体情况决定） It takes me an hour to get to my office spend timemoney on sth 在上花费时间（金钱）sb spend timemoney (in) doing sth 花费时间（金钱）做某事。I spent two ho

29、urs on this math problem 这道数学题花了我个小时。They spent two years building this bridge 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 hundreds of + 名词复数 许多/大量 数词+hundred + 名词复数 几百类似的数词还有thousand（千） , million（万）There are four hundred students in our gradeThere are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year during 在期间 During the daytime/the

30、weekend the meaning of 的意思Can you tell me the meaning of the words?cut是“切, 割”的意思Cut down 砍到Cut off砍掉cut up 意为“切碎”Cut up the bananas = Cut the bananas up cut into 把切成 Cut the apple into four piecesCut it /them up one more thing 另外一件事情 another ten minutes 再多十分钟数字+ more + 物品 指“另外的another + 数字 + 物品 指“另外

31、的当数字为one时,常与more连用或只用 another。Give me two more hamburgers？another two hamburgers forget to do sth 忘记（去）做某事forget doing sth 忘记已做过某事。Its time （for sb）to do sth =Its time for sth 该是（某人）做某事的时间了。Its a time for you to study EnglishIts time for us to go to school(Its time for school)give thanks for +名/代V-i

32、ng “感恩”Thank you for doing Thanks for doing We should give thanks for our parentsHe gave thanks for life and food Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big mealby +sth/doing :）以方式 I study English by listening to English songs）在的旁边 I am sitting by the pool 在之前 I have

33、to go to school by 8:00.-）搭乘 I go to school by busfill sth with sth 用把装满 (强调动作)be full of“装满”(强调状态)I filled the cup with the milk The cup is full of the milk putin(into) 把放到 里 coverwith 用覆盖 serve v 服务 n serviceserve +名/代 “提供” The shop serves nice foodserve sb sth = serve sth to sb Serve it to your f

34、riends with some vegetablesserve sb with sth “用某物招待某人” Serve the guests with some teaMilk shake奶昔 blender搅拌器 add加 cook for 烹饪 (时间)cook the turkey for a few hours one more thing 还有（表示补充）onethe other 表示两者中的另一个another三者中的另一个I have two brothers One is a lawyer and the other is a managerI dont like this

35、one, can you show me another?someothers still others表示没有范围限定的“一些另一些”Some go to school by bike and others go to school by busSome go to school by bike and the others go to school by businvite v 邀请 n invitationinvite sb to do sth“邀请某人干某事” invite sb to+地点名词 Mr Green invited me to visit his factory last

36、 weekThanks a lot for your invitation Thanks for inviting me to your partyWhats the date today? 意为“今天是几月几号？” Its +月+日。What day is it today? 意为“今天是星期几？”Its + 星期几。Whats the date? Its September 6thWhat day is it today? Its Wednesdayhave a lesson(class) 上课have an English lessonprepare v 准备 n preparation

37、prepare sth “准备某物”,所准备的东西就是后面的宾语。prepare for sth “为做准备”,指为后面的宾语做准备prepare to do sth “准备做某事”Bring to“带来”把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方taketo “带去”把某物从说话的地方带到别处去。（两者方向相反）Bring your homework here, and take the book away把你的作业拿过来,把这本书带走。without（介词）没有 反义词：with“具有”We cant live without water Jane is a beautiful girl with

38、long hairso that +从句： 以便于；目的是 I study hard so that I can get good grades surprise n 惊奇 surprised adj 感到惊奇的（指人）surprising adj 令人惊奇的（指物）be surprised at sth“惊奇于某事” to ones surprise “令某人惊奇的是” Im surprised at the surprising news 我对这个令人惊讶的消息感到很吃惊。 To my surprise, he left without leaving a word 令我惊奇的是,他一声不

39、响地离开了。 look forward to sth/doing sthI look forward to your reply 我期待你的答复。I look forward to seeing you againhear from sb = get/ receive a letter from sb 收到某人的来信hear of sb 听说过某人I heard from my friends yesterday=I got a letter from my friend yesterday the best way to do sth 做某事的最好方式Exercising is the be

40、st way to keep healthy how to do that “该怎么做” ,疑问词+to do sth常用来做宾语I dont know how to make a banana milk shakeI dont know what to do at the end of “在末尾” at the beginning of “ 在开始”be glad/happy/sad to do sth很高兴/难过做某事 I am glad to see youreply to sb/sth“回复”Hang out 出去玩Hang hang hang 悬挂Hang hanged hanged

41、 绞死Available/free 有空的 help to do sth help out help with sthGlue v粘 n胶水 opening ceremony 开幕式 ceremony仪式As小结当时作为既然,由于一 表示邀请的句型 Can/Could you(come to my party)? Would you like to( Would you like to my party)?接受：Sure/Yes/Of course, Id love/like to拒绝:： Im sorry, I cant I have to/must+V原 (陈述理由 ) Id love/l

42、ike to, but I (理由) Im afraid not I(理由)情态动词二 must与have to must 表示主观“必须”；must 表示“主观上的要求”,无人称和时态的变化,否定回答: neednt 或 dont have to (不必)。不能用mustnt回答, 表示“禁止” have to表客观需要,有人称和时态变化,否: dont / doesnt / didnt have to (没必要)Must I be home before eight oclock? 点之前我必须回家吗？Yes, you must / No, you neednt / No, you don

43、t have to have a great time 意为“玩得愉快”,=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good / wonderful / nice timehave a great / good time in (doing) sth 做某事很开心ask sb（not）to do sth 要求某人（不）做某事The teachers ask us to do (do) lots of homeworkorder sth from +地点“从某地订购食物” order预定：下命令I want to order some books from the boo

44、k storekeepto oneself 保守秘密 unless conj 除非；如果不 unless 引导的条件句表示在特定条件下,才决定做或不做一件事。=if .notThe concert will be held as schedule unless there is a typhoon= The concert will be held as schedule if there is not a typhoon在when（当时候）, after, before 等引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句为一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来（主将从现）。如： I will call you when I reach Canada 我一到加拿大就给你打电话主将从现 if条件句;Unless从句; As soon as 从句 unless i do,well be lostUnless he can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself into a m