牛津小学英语语法归纳2.doc
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1、牛津小学英语语法归纳2牛津小学英语语法归纳2牛津小学英语语法归纳2一、时态1一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或事情,通常用“usually,often,everyday,sometimes,always,never”等词。(2)基本结构:否定句(Negative)一般疑问句(Yes/No)特殊疑问句(wh-)I/You/We/Theydont+动词Do?Yes,Ido.Whatdo?He/She/Itdoesnt+动词原形Does(动词原形)?No,shedoesnt.Howdoesshe(动词原形)?+s-y+ies+eswalk-walksfly-flieswatch-watches肯定
2、句(Positive)动词原形(V)动词第三人称单数形式(V+S)(3)动词第三人称单数形式a.Mostverbsb.Verbsendinginaconsonant+yc.Verbsendingins,sh,chorxd.Others2现在进行时(1)现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(2)现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.(3)现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。(4)现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。(5)表示正在发生的动作,通常用“now,look.(6)基本形式:be+动词+ingeg:Iam(not)doi
3、ngmyhomework.You/We/Theyare(not)reading.He/She/Itis(not)eating.Whatareyoudoing?Ishereading?(7)动词的现在分词形式(do+ing)Mostverbs+ingVerbsendingine-e+ingwalkwalkingcomecomingdo-does,have-has,go-goesShortverbsendinginaDoublerun-runningvowel+aconsonantconsonantswim-swimming3.一般过去时态(1)表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用lastweek,ju
4、stnow,yesterday等词。(2)be动词的过去式:am/iswasarewereI/He/she/itwas(not).You/we/theywere.一般疑问句was,were放在句首。(3)过去式基本结构肯定句(Positive)动词过去式否定句(Negative)Didnt+动词原形一般疑问句(Yes/No)特殊疑问句(wh-)Did+动词原形?Whatdid+动词原形?Iwentshoppinglastnight.Ididntgoshoppinglastnight.Didyougoshoppinglastnight?Whatdidyoudolastnight?(4)动词过去式
5、的变化:规则动词的变化:一般动词+edplanted,watered,climbedlikedstudystudied,cry-criedstopstoppedplan-planned过去式haddidatewasweredrovespokewroterodeheardgot原形gofindsaytakemeanmeetmakeseecometellknow过去式wentfoundsaidtookmeantmetmadesawcametoldknew以不发音的e结尾+d辅音字母加y结尾-y+ied重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅双写最后一音字母个字母+ed不规则动词的变化:原形过去式原形swee
6、psweptteachkeepkeptthinksleepsleptbuyfeelfeltdrinkreadreadgiveputputsingcutcutbeginletletringflyflewrundrawdrewsitgrowgrewlearn4一般将来时过去式taughtthoughtboughtdrankgavesangbeganrangransatlearned/learnt原形havedoeatis/amaredrivespeakwriteridehearget一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow,nextSunday等时间状语连用。结构:be
7、goingto+动词原形例如:Imgoingtovisitmygrandpanextweek.二、人称代词主格:Iweyousheheit宾格:meusyouherhimit形容词性物主代词:myouryourherhis名词性物主代词:mineoursyourshershis三、可数名词的复数形式itsitstheythemtheirtheirs一般名词:+s辅音字母加y结尾:-y+ies以s,sh,chorx结尾:+esabookbooksastorystoriesaglassglasses;awatch-watches以o结尾:+s或+esapianopianosamangomangoe
8、s以f或fe结尾:-f或fe变为vesaknifeknivesashelf-shelves不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)bread,rice,water,juice,etc.五、缩略形式Im=Iamyoure=youareshes=sheishes=
9、heis/hehas(got)its=itiswhos=whoiscant=cannotisnt=isnotetcdidnt=didnotwerent=werenotwasnt=wasnotlets=letus六、不定冠词a/an单词的第一读音是辅音读音:abook,apeach,aU单词的第一个读音是元音读音:anegg,anhour,anF七、介词1表示方位:on,in,infrontof,between,nextto,near,beside,at,behind.,under2表示时间:at:如:atsixoclock,atChristmas,atweekendson:如:onMonday
10、on15thJulyonNationalDayin:如:intheeveninginDecemberinwinter八、基数词和序数词onefirsttwo-secondthree-thirdfive-fifthnine-ninthtwelve-twelfthtwenty-twentieththirty-thirtiethforty-oneforty-firstLesson3-thethirdlesson九、some/any肯定句:Ihavesometoysinmybedroom.一般疑问句和否定句中:Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?Hehasntgotanypen
11、cilsinhispencil-case.询问想要什么时:Wouldyoulikesomejuice?CanIhavesomestamps?十、be动词(1)Basicform(基本形式):am/are/is(2)肯定和否定句be动词后加not:Iam(not)fromLondon.Myeyesare(not)small.Myhairis(not)long.(3)一般疑问句be动词提前:AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youarent.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyarent.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn
12、t.(4)be动词的过去式:am/iswas,arewere十一、therebe结构肯定句:ThereisaThereare一般疑问句:Isthere?Yes,thereis./No,thereisnt.Arethere?Yes,thereare./No,therearent.否定句:Thereisnt.Therearent.十二、祈使句SitdownpleaseDontsitdown,please.Letsgotothepark.十三、(情态)动词can,may,must,should,will后面直接用动词原形。1.I/He/She/Theycansing.MayIcomein?Imust
13、gonow.2.Youshouldbequietinthelibrary.3.Youllbegoodfriends.十四、Wh-questions:What什么工作)Whatcolour(问颜色)Whattime(时间)Whattime/when(什么时候)Which(哪一个)Who(谁)Whose(谁的)Where(哪里)Why(为什么)Howmany(多少)Howold(几岁)Whatareyoudoing?hatisshe?(Whatsherjob?)Whattimeisit?Whatsthetime?Whattime/Whendoyougetup?Whenisyourbirthday?
14、Imreading.Itsabook.Shesanurse.Itsseven.Igetupatsixthirty.Itsonthe21stofDecember.(问什么事,什么物或Whatisthat?Whatcolourisyourcoat?Itsred.Whichisyourwatch,theyellowTheyellowismine.oneorthewhiteone?Whoisthemanwithabignose?Whosebagisit?Whoseisthisbag?Whereismyballpen?Whydoyoulikesummer?schoolbag?Howoldistheyou
15、ngman?Hesmyuncle.Itshisbag.Itsunderthebook.Ilikesummerbecauseschoolbag.Hesnineteen.HowmanybooksarethereintheTherearefourbooksintheHowmuch(多少钱)Howmuchisthetoybear?How(怎么样)Itselevenyuan.HowdoyougotoschoolIgotoschoolbycar.everyday?2.形容词和副词的比较级(1)一般在形容词或副词后+eroldertallerlongerstronger,etc(2)多音节词前+moremo
16、reinteresting,etc.(3)双写最后一个字母,再+erbiggerfatter,etc.(4)把y变i,再+erheavier,earlier(5)不规则变化:well-better,much/many-more,etc.扩展阅读:牛津小学英语语法归纳牛津小学英语语法归纳202*.51不可数名词:bread,juice,tea,coffee,water,chocolate,rice,paper(不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;不要根据some、any、alotof等词去作判断,以免受误导。)2不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policem
17、an-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese3动词/介词+宾格(me/us/you/him/her/them/it)4.形容词性物主代词(my/our/your/his/her/their/its)后面必须要跟名词。名词性物主代词(mine/ours/yours/his/hers/theirs/its)后面不要跟名词。5.比较级+than/,AorB?as+原级
18、astoo/very+原级6形容词一般形容事物(形容词见知识集锦65页)副词一般形容动词(副词见知识集锦66页)7序数词前一定要加“the”,序数词一般用于:日期【the号(序数词)of月】【第几】【名次】8助动词(do/does/did)+动词原形to+动词原形情态动词(can/may/must/should/would/shall)+动词原形in+月、年themorning/afternoon/evening/aweek9.表示时间on+具体某一天(几月几日)/某个假期(Day)at+具体某点时间、某个假期(Festival)/theweekendinstreet10.表示方位onroad
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