自考英美文学选读00604强人总结自学资料 (全).doc

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1、自考英美文学选读00604强人总结自学资料 (全)自考英美文学选读00604强人总结自学资料 (全)转贴强人总结英美文学选读自学资料(全)转贴强人总结英美文学选读自学资料(全)AmericanLiteratureChapterone:TheromanticperiodI.Emersonstranscendentalismandhisattitudetowardnature:1.TranscendentalismitisaphilosophicandliterarymovementthatflourishinNewEngland,asareactionagainstrationalismandC

2、alvinism.Itstressedintuitiveunderstandingofgodwithoutthehelpofthechurch,andadvocatedindependenceofthemind.2.Emersonstranscendentalism:Theover-soulitisanall-pervadingpowergoodness,fromwhichallthingscomeandofwhichallareapart.Itisasupremerealityofmind,aspiritualunityofallbeingsandareligion.Itisacommuni

3、cationbetweenanindividualsoulandtheuniversalover-soul.Andhestronglybelieveinthedivinityandinfinityofmanasanindividual,somancantotallyrelyonhimself.3.Histowardnature:Emersonlovesnature.Hisnatureisthegarmentoftheover-soul,symbolicandmoralbound.Natureisnotsomethingpurelyofthematter,butalivewithGodspres

4、ence.Itexerciseahealthyandrestorativeinfluenceonhumanbeings.Childrencanseenaturebetterthanadult.II.HawthornesPuritanismandhisblackvisionofman:1.PuritanismitisthereligiousbeliefofthePuristans,whohadintendedtopurifyandsimplifythereligiousritualofthechurchofEngland.2.hisblackvisionofmanbytheCalvinistic

5、conceptoforiginalsin,hebelievedthathumanbeingareevilnaturedandsinful,andthissiniseverpresentinhumanheartandwillpassonegenerationtoanother.3.YoungGoodmanBrownitshowsthateveryonehassomeevilsecrets.Theinnocentandna veBrownisconfrontedwiththevisionofhumanevilinoneterriblenight,andthenhebecomesdistrustfu

6、landdoubtful.Brownstandsforeveryone,whoisbornpureandhasnocontactwiththerealworld,andtheprominentpeopleofthevillageandchurch.Theycovertheirsecretsduringdailylives,andundersomecircumstancessuchasthewitchsSabbath,theybecomewhattheyare.Evenhisclosedwife,Faith,isnoexception.SoBrownisagedinthatnight.III.T

7、hesymbolismofMelvillesMobby-Dick1.Thevoyagetocatchthewhitewhaleistheoneofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeofuniverse.2.ToAhab,thewhaleisanevilcreatureortheagentofanevilforcethatcontroltheuniverse.Astoreaders,thewhaleisasymbolofphysicallimits,orasymbolofnature.Italsocanstandfortheultimatemysteryof

8、theuniverseandthewallbehindwhichunknownmaliciousthingsarehiding.IV.WhitmanandhisLeavesofGrass:1.Theme:singofthe“en-mass”andtheself/pursuitoflove,happiness,and*uallove/sometimesaboutpolitics(Drumtaps)2.Whitmansoriginalityfirstinhisuseofthepoeticformfreeverse(i.e.poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymes

9、cheme),bymeansofwhichhebecomesconversationalandcasual.3.Heusesthefirstpersonpronoun“I”tostressindividualism,andorallanguagetoacquiresympathyfromthecommonreader.Chaptertwo:TherealisticperiodI.ThecharacteranalysisandsocialmeaningofHuckFinninAdventureofHuckleberryFinnbyMarkTwainHuckisatypicalAmericanbo

10、ywith“asoundheartandadeformedconscience”.Heappearstobevulgarinlanguageandinmanner,butheishonestanddecentinessence.HisremarkableraftsjourneydownontheMississippirivercanberegardedashisprocessofeducationandhiswaytogrowup.Atfirst,hestandsbyslavery,forheclingstotheideathatifheletsgotheslave,hewillbedamne

11、dtogotohell.Andwhenthe“King”sellsJimformoney,HuckdecidestoinformJimsmaster.AfterhethinksofthepastgoodtimewhenJimandheareontheraftwhereJimshowsgreatcareanddeepaffectionforhim,hedecidetorescueJim.AndHuckstillthinksheiswrongwhileheisdoingtherightthing.Huckisthesonofnatureandasymbolforfreedomandearthlyp

12、ragmatism.ThroughtheeyeofHuck,theinnocentandreluctantrebel,weseethepre-CivilWarAmericansocietyfullyexposed.Twaincontraststhelifeontheriverandthelifeonthebanks,theinnocenceandtheexperience,thenatureandtheculture,thewildernessandthecivilization.II.DaisyMillerbyHenryJames1.Theme:ThenovelisastoryaboutAm

13、ericaninnocencedefeatedbythestiff,traditionalvaluesofEurope.JamescondemnstheAmericanfailuretoadoptexpressivemannersintelligentlyandpointoutthefalsebelievingthatagoodheartisreadilyvisibletoall.ThedeathofDaisyresultsfromthemisunderstandingbetweenpeoplewithdifferentculturalbackgrounds.2.Thecharacterana

14、lysisofDaisy:SherepresentstypicalAmericangirl,whoisuninformedandwithoutthematureguidance.Ignoranceandparentalindulgencecombinetofosterheassertiveself-confidenceandfiercewillfulness.ShebehavesinthesamedaringnaivewayinEuropeasshedoesathome.Whensomeoneisagainsther,shebecomesmorecontrary.Sheknowsthatshe

15、meansnoharmandisamazedthatanyoneshouldthinkshedoes.ShedoesnotcompromisetotheEuropeanmanners.3.ThecharacteranalysisofWinterbourne:HeisaEuropeanizedAmerican,whohaslivetoolonginforeignparts.HeisveryexperienceandhasaproblemunderstandingDaisy.Heendeavorstoputherinsortofformula,i.e.toclassifyher.III.Siste

16、rCarriebyTheodoreDreiser:1.Theme:TheauthorinventedthesuccessofCarrieandthedownfallofHurstwoodoutofaninevitableandnaturaljudgment,becausethefittestcansurviveinacompetitive,amoralsocietyaccordingtothesocialDarwinism.2.ThecharacteranalysisofCarrie:ShefollowstherightdirectiontoapursuitoftheAmericandream

17、,andthecircumstancesandherdesireforabetterlifedirecttothesuccessfulgoal.Butsheisnotcontented,becausewithwealthandfame,shestillfindsherselflonely.Sheisaproductofthesociety,arealizationofthetheoryofthesurvivalofthefittest.3.ThecharacteranalysisofHurstwood:Heisanegativeevidenceofthetheoryofthesurvivalo

18、fthefittest.Becauseheisstillconventionalandcannotthrowawaythesocialmorals,heisnotfittedtoliveinNewYork.Chapterthree:TheModernPeriodI.EzraPoundandhistheoryofImagism1.Theprinciples:a.directtreatmentofthething;b.touseabsolutelynowordthatdoesnotcontributetothepresentation;c.tocomposeinthesequenceofthemu

19、sical;d.tousethelanguageofcommonspeechandtheexactword;e.tocreatenewrhythms;f.absolutelyfreedominthechoiceofsubject.2.Imagismistopresentanintellectualandemotionalcomplexinaninstantoftime.Animagisticpoemmustpresenttheobjectexactlythewaythethingisseen.Andthereadercanformtheimageoftheobjectthroughthepro

20、cessofreadingtheabstractandconcretewords.II.Frostandhispoetryonnature:Frostisdeeplyinterestedinnatureandinmensrelationshiptonature.Natureappearsasanexplicatorandamediatorformanandserveasthecenterofreferenceofhisbehavior.PeaceandordercanbefoundinFrostspoeticalnaturalworld.Withsurfacesimplicityofhispo

21、ems,thethematicconcernsarealwayspresentedinrichsymbols.Thereforehisworkresistseasyinterpretation.III.F.ScottFitzgeraldandhisTheGreatGatsby1.Theme:GatsbyisAmericanEveryman.Hisextraordinaryenergyandwealthmakehimpursuethedream.HisdeathintheendpointsatthetruthaboutthewitheringoftheAmericanDream.Thespiri

22、tualandmoralsterilitythathasresultedfromthewitheredAmericanDreamisfullyrevealedinthearticle.However,althoughheisdefeated,thedreamhasgaveGatsbyadignityandasetofqualities.HishopeandbeliefinthepromiseoffuturemakeshimtheembodimentofthevaluesoftheincorruptibleAmericanDream.2.ThecharacteranalysisofGatsby:

23、Gatsbyisgreat,becauseheisdignifiedandennobledbyhisdreamandhismythicvisionoflife.Hehasthedesiretorepeatthepast,thedesireformoney,andthedesireforincarnationofunutterablevisiononthismaterialearth.ForGatsby,Daisyisthesoulofhisdreams.HebelievehecanregainDaisyandromanticallyrebelsoftime.Althoughhehasthewe

24、alththatcanmatchwiththeleisuredclass,hedoesnothavetheirmanners.Histragedyliesinhispossessionofanaivesenseandchivalry.IV.ErnestHemingwaysartisticfeatures:1.TheHemingwaycodeheroesandgraceunderpressure:Theyhaveseenthecoldworld,andforonecause,theyboldlyandcourageouslyfacethereality.Theyhasanindestructib

25、lespiritforhisoptimisticviewoflife.Whateveristheresultis,thearereadytolivewithgraceunderpressure.Nomatterhowtragictheendingis,theywillneverbedefeated.Finally,theywillbeprevailbecauseoftheirindestructiblespiritandcourage.2.Theicebergtechnique:Hemingwaybelievethatagoodwriterdoesnotneedtorevealeverydet

26、ailofacharacteroraction.Theone-eighththeispresentedwillsuggestallothermeaningfuldimensionsofthestory.Thus,Hemingwayslanguageissymbolicandsuggestive.V.ThecharacteranalysisofEmilyinARoseforEmily:Emilyisasymbolofoldvalues,standingfortradition,dutyandpastglory.Butsheisalsoavictimtoallthoseshecaresandemb

27、race.ThesourceofEmilysstrangenessisfromherbornprideandself-esteem,thedomineeringbehaviorofherfatherandthebetrayalofherlover.Barricadedinherhouse,shehasfrozenthepasttoprotectherdreams.Herlifeistragicbecausethedefianceofthecommunity,herrefusaltoacceptthechangeandherextremepridehavepushedhertoabnormali

28、tyandinsanity.扩展阅读：自考英美文学选读00604强人总结自学资料_(全)转贴强人总结英美文学选读自学资料(全)转贴强人总结英美文学选读自学资料(全)AmericanLiteratureChapterone:TheromanticperiodI.Emersonstranscendentalismandhisattitudetowardnature:1.TranscendentalismitisaphilosophicandliterarymovementthatflourishinNewEngland,asareactionagainstrationalismandCalvini

29、sm.Itstressedintuitiveunderstandingofgodwithoutthehelpofthechurch,andadvocatedindependenceofthemind.2.Emersonstranscendentalism:Theover-soulitisanall-pervadingpowergoodness,fromwhichallthingscomeandofwhichallareapart.Itisasupremerealityofmind,aspiritualunityofallbeingsandareligion.Itisacommunication

30、betweenanindividualsoulandtheuniversalover-soul.Andhestronglybelieveinthedivinityandinfinityofmanasanindividual,somancantotallyrelyonhimself.3.Histowardnature:Emersonlovesnature.Hisnatureisthegarmentoftheover-soul,symbolicandmoralbound.Natureisnotsomethingpurelyofthematter,butalivewithGodspresence.I

31、texerciseahealthyandrestorativeinfluenceonhumanbeings.Childrencanseenaturebetterthanadult.II.HawthornesPuritanismandhisblackvisionofman:1.PuritanismitisthereligiousbeliefofthePuristans,whohadintendedtopurifyandsimplifythereligiousritualofthechurchofEngland.2.hisblackvisionofmanbytheCalvinisticconcep

32、toforiginalsin,hebelievedthathumanbeingareevilnaturedandsinful,andthissiniseverpresentinhumanheartandwillpassonegenerationtoanother.3.YoungGoodmanBrownitshowsthateveryonehassomeevilsecrets.Theinnocentandna veBrownisconfrontedwiththevisionofhumanevilinoneterriblenight,andthenhebecomesdistrustfulanddo

33、ubtful.Brownstandsforeveryone,whoisbornpureandhasnocontactwiththerealworld,andtheprominentpeopleofthevillageandchurch.Theycovertheirsecretsduringdailylives,andundersomecircumstancessuchasthewitchsSabbath,theybecomewhattheyare.Evenhisclosedwife,Faith,isnoexception.SoBrownisagedinthatnight.III.Thesymb

34、olismofMelvillesMobby-Dick1.Thevoyagetocatchthewhitewhaleistheoneofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeofuniverse.2.ToAhab,thewhaleisanevilcreatureortheagentofanevilforcethatcontroltheuniverse.Astoreaders,thewhaleisasymbolofphysicallimits,orasymbolofnature.Italsocanstandfortheultimatemysteryoftheuni

35、verseandthewallbehindwhichunknownmaliciousthingsarehiding.IV.WhitmanandhisLeavesofGrass:1.Theme:singofthe“en-mass”andtheself/pursuitoflove,happiness,and*uallove/sometimesaboutpolitics(Drumtaps)2.Whitmansoriginalityfirstinhisuseofthepoeticformfreeverse(i.e.poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme)

36、,bymeansofwhichhebecomesconversationalandcasual.3.Heusesthefirstpersonpronoun“I”tostressindividualism,andorallanguagetoacquiresympathyfromthecommonreader.Chaptertwo:TherealisticperiodI.ThecharacteranalysisandsocialmeaningofHuckFinninAdventureofHuckleberryFinnbyMarkTwainHuckisatypicalAmericanboywith“

37、asoundheartandadeformedconscience”.Heappearstobevulgarinlanguageandinmanner,butheishonestanddecentinessence.HisremarkableraftsjourneydownontheMississippirivercanberegardedashisprocessofeducationandhiswaytogrowup.Atfirst,hestandsbyslavery,forheclingstotheideathatifheletsgotheslave,hewillbedamnedtogot

38、ohell.Andwhenthe“King”sellsJimformoney,HuckdecidestoinformJimsmaster.AfterhethinksofthepastgoodtimewhenJimandheareontheraftwhereJimshowsgreatcareanddeepaffectionforhim,hedecidetorescueJim.AndHuckstillthinksheiswrongwhileheisdoingtherightthing.Huckisthesonofnatureandasymbolforfreedomandearthlypragmat

39、ism.ThroughtheeyeofHuck,theinnocentandreluctantrebel,weseethepre-CivilWarAmericansocietyfullyexposed.Twaincontraststhelifeontheriverandthelifeonthebanks,theinnocenceandtheexperience,thenatureandtheculture,thewildernessandthecivilization.II.DaisyMillerbyHenryJames1.Theme:ThenovelisastoryaboutAmerican

40、innocencedefeatedbythestiff,traditionalvaluesofEurope.JamescondemnstheAmericanfailuretoadoptexpressivemannersintelligentlyandpointoutthefalsebelievingthatagoodheartisreadilyvisibletoall.ThedeathofDaisyresultsfromthemisunderstandingbetweenpeoplewithdifferentculturalbackgrounds.2.Thecharacteranalysiso

41、fDaisy:SherepresentstypicalAmericangirl,whoisuninformedandwithoutthematureguidance.Ignoranceandparentalindulgencecombinetofosterheassertiveself-confidenceandfiercewillfulness.ShebehavesinthesamedaringnaivewayinEuropeasshedoesathome.Whensomeoneisagainsther,shebecomesmorecontrary.Sheknowsthatshemeansn

42、oharmandisamazedthatanyoneshouldthinkshedoes.ShedoesnotcompromisetotheEuropeanmanners.3.ThecharacteranalysisofWinterbourne:HeisaEuropeanizedAmerican,whohaslivetoolonginforeignparts.HeisveryexperienceandhasaproblemunderstandingDaisy.Heendeavorstoputherinsortofformula,i.e.toclassifyher.III.SisterCarri

43、ebyTheodoreDreiser:1.Theme:TheauthorinventedthesuccessofCarrieandthedownfallofHurstwoodoutofaninevitableandnaturaljudgment,becausethefittestcansurviveinacompetitive,amoralsocietyaccordingtothesocialDarwinism.2.ThecharacteranalysisofCarrie:ShefollowstherightdirectiontoapursuitoftheAmericandream,andth

44、ecircumstancesandherdesireforabetterlifedirecttothesuccessfulgoal.Butsheisnotcontented,becausewithwealthandfame,shestillfindsherselflonely.Sheisaproductofthesociety,arealizationofthetheoryofthesurvivalofthefittest.3.ThecharacteranalysisofHurstwood:Heisanegativeevidenceofthetheoryofthesurvivalofthefi

45、ttest.Becauseheisstillconventionalandcannotthrowawaythesocialmorals,heisnotfittedtoliveinNewYork.Chapterthree:TheModernPeriodI.EzraPoundandhistheoryofImagism1.Theprinciples:a.directtreatmentofthething;b.touseabsolutelynowordthatdoesnotcontributetothepresentation;c.tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusical;

46、d.tousethelanguageofcommonspeechandtheexactword;e.tocreatenewrhythms;f.absolutelyfreedominthechoiceofsubject.2.Imagismistopresentanintellectualandemotionalcomplexinaninstantoftime.Animagisticpoemmustpresenttheobjectexactlythewaythethingisseen.Andthereadercanformtheimageoftheobjectthroughtheprocessof

47、readingtheabstractandconcretewords.II.Frostandhispoetryonnature:Frostisdeeplyinterestedinnatureandinmensrelationshiptonature.Natureappearsasanexplicatorandamediatorformanandserveasthecenterofreferenceofhisbehavior.PeaceandordercanbefoundinFrostspoeticalnaturalworld.Withsurfacesimplicityofhispoems,th

48、ethematicconcernsarealwayspresentedinrichsymbols.Thereforehisworkresistseasyinterpretation.III.F.ScottFitzgeraldandhisTheGreatGatsby1.Theme:GatsbyisAmericanEveryman.Hisextraordinaryenergyandwealthmakehimpursuethedream.HisdeathintheendpointsatthetruthaboutthewitheringoftheAmericanDream.Thespiritualan

49、dmoralsterilitythathasresultedfromthewitheredAmericanDreamisfullyrevealedinthearticle.However,althoughheisdefeated,thedreamhasgaveGatsbyadignityandasetofqualities.HishopeandbeliefinthepromiseoffuturemakeshimtheembodimentofthevaluesoftheincorruptibleAmericanDream.2.ThecharacteranalysisofGatsby:Gatsbyisgreat,becauseheisdignifiedandennobledbyhisdreamandhismythicvisionoflife.Hehasthedesiretorepeatthepast,thedesireformoney,andthedesireforincarnationofunutterablevisiononthismaterialearth.ForGatsby,Daisyisthesoulofhisdreams.HebelievehecanregainDaisyandroma