中考时态总结(共26页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一、一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees. 3) 表示格言或警句中。

2、 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如： Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，

3、表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。知识扩展：一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行

4、，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that th

5、e windows are closed before you leave the room.二、一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I o

6、ften played football in the street. He always went to work by bus. He used to act like that. 3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。 （1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? I wanted to ask you about that. Did you want to speak to me now? I wondered if you could help me. （2）情态动词 could,

7、would，例如：Could you lend me your bike?4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。 If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.注意比较下列句型： It is time for sb. to do sth “到时间了；该了”，例如： It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。 It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了；早该了”，例如： It is time

8、you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”，例如： Id rather you came tomorrow.一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.

9、Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)三、一般将来时1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发

10、生的事。The play is going to be produced next month. c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用

11、。be going to / will的用法之比较： 用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to和be going to 的用法之比较：be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going t

12、o 则表示主观的打算或计划。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排) 四、现在进行时1. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you.2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr

13、. Smith.3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.知识扩展：不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, c

14、ontain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much.3) 瞬间动词。如：acce

15、pt, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice.4) 系动词。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired.五、过去进行时1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning,

16、all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例句： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.型例题1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making

17、 C. was making D. makes答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的

18、 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。 六.现在完成时态1. 用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 E.g： Yesterday I finished my homework, thats to say, I have finished my homework now. 过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 E.g.:： I have lived here since 1990.2. 现在完成时的构成 havehas+过去分词3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑问句

19、 Has he finished the work?否定句 He has not finished the work. 两回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasnt. 特殊疑问句 What has he done? 4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语already已经 肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 e.g.：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer

20、 yet?ever曾经 句中 e.g.： Have you ever seen pandas?never从不 句中 e.g.：I have never been to Beijing.just刚刚 句中 e.g.：I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 e.g.：I have never been there before.so far到目前为止 e.g.：So far he has learnt 200 words.how long多久 e.g.：How long have you lived here?how many times多少次 e.g.：How

21、many times has he been to Beijing?(2)两词组havegone to去了某地 e.g.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)havebeen to去过某地 e.g.：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)(3)两结构for two monthsfor +一段时间 Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990

22、since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.(4).如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。 e.g.：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？(5).现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾

23、经读过的最好的一本书。 It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。5.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 e.g.：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种： He has bought the book. (去掉一段时间for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) Its 3 years si

24、nce he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book. （改为固定句型 It is -since-） He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句） He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）6. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：come/arrive/get to/reach be here e.g：I have come here

25、 for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away e.g.：He has left for 3 hours.（错） 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on e.g.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） 改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.open be open / close be closed e.g.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错)

26、 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.die be dead e.g.：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.finish/end be over 例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been over for 3 daysjoin 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been in the arm

27、y for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.buy /catch have e.g.：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have had the bike for 3 years. He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep e.g：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错） 改为：I have kept the book for

28、3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：break be broken get up be upmarry be married become be lose be lost 7. 延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。e.g.：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。e.g.：leave

29、start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow8. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。 He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）七 过去完成时：由 had+ 过去分词构成。用法有二：过去某

30、一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去 e.g.:：When we got to the station, the train had left. 当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。By the end of last week, he had learnt 1000 words. 到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态 e.g.:：He said that he had made a few friends since he came to China.他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。 1. Look! H

31、ow wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart.A. wasnt making B. dont makeC. wont makeD. didnt make2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidl

32、y all these years.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change3. He _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.A. will swim B. have swumC. swam D. swims4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now.A. hasnt turned up B. doesnt turn upC. wont turn

33、 up D. hadnt turned up5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A. catch B. had caughtC. caughtD. catching7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking8. I really dont think Rose will be upset

34、, but I will go and see her in case she _.A. is B. does C. will beD. has been9. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.A. were playingB. were to playC. had played D. played10. Kate is in hospital. Oh, really?

35、I _. _ visit her.A. didnt know; Ill go andB. dont know; Ill go andC. dont know; Im going toD. didnt know; Im going to11. Where _ the guidebook? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here, but now its gone.A. did you put; have putB. had you put; have putC. have you put; putD. were you putting; put14.

36、Do you live in this city? No, we _ it for holidays.A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited15. How is the old man now? Sorry, he _ though they did all they could to save him.A. was deadB. had died C. has been dead D. died16.The lake will be further polluted unless some meas

37、ures _.A. will be taken B. are takenC. were taken D. had been taken 17. Im afraid it will be two months _.A. when I come back B. when Ill come backC. before I come backD. before Ill come back18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office.A. had worked, had left B

38、. were working ; had left C. working ; had leftD. had worked; left21.The notice _ “No smoking”.A. is told B. readsC. tells D. is read时态语态1. 考点掌握六大时态以及对应的被动语态的构成、用法2. 知识讲解时态一般现在时构成：谓语动词三单或原形用法：a.现在经常性或习惯性动作、长期存在的特征或状态。常见时间状语：表示频率的副词always, often, usually, sometimes等；表示频率的词组 once a year, twice a month

39、, three times a year等；on Sundays, on Monday afternoons, every day, every morning, every year等时间状语。b.普遍真理、客观事实。c.条件、时间状语从句主将从现。同步练习1. This girl is ready to help people any time. When she is on the bus, she always her seat to someone in need.A. gives B. give C. gave D. giving 2.Betty will ring me up w

40、hen she _ in Beijing.A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. will arrive 3. Aunt Lucy will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she_back.A. came B. comes C. would come D. will come 4.Henry will give us a report as soon as he .A. arrives B. arrived C.is arriving D.will arrive 5.In Chongqing,

41、 you can often see many people dance outside together if it _ in theevening. A. rains Bdoesnt rain Cwill rain Dwont rain 答案ABBAB一般过去时构成：谓语动词过去式用法：a.表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。常接时间状语：last night, yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday evening, just now, “段时间+ago”, once upon a time，the other day, in 1990, at that time, this morning等。副词often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, etc.b.表示过去习惯或经常发生的动作。（过去常常做某事也可以用used to do sth. 来表示）c.在语境中，表示“刚才，在过去”,暗示现在已“不再这样”Look at the sign. “No smoking”-Sorry, I didnt see it.同步练习1.Where were you