语法复习--特殊句式(主谓一致)(共9页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一、语法一致1.不可数名词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火很危险。To see is to believe.眼见为实。Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。When and where to build the factory is not decided yet.何时何地建厂还未定下来。2.由and

2、连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语通常用复数。如：Tom and Mary have been married for ten years.汤姆和玛丽结婚10年了。The bread and the butter taste good.奶油和面包很好吃。注意事项：（1）当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时，谓语用第三人称单数形式（这时应注意冠词的用法：后一个名词前无冠词）。The poet and writer has gone to Beijing 那位诗人兼作家去北京了。There is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。Here

3、 is a needle and thread for you.这是给你的针线。Bread and butter tastes good.奶油面包很好吃。Time and tide waits for no man.岁月不待人。（2）and所连接的连个名词前分别有every, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没

4、有学生开会缺席。Each teacher and(each)student was given a book每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。（3）在某些谚语中，由and连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也会傻。Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, w

5、ealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。3.当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, except, but, besides, no less than, as well as, including, in addition to, rather than 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如：The teacher, together with his students is watching TV. 老师和学生们正在看电视。The girls as well as the

6、teacher are dancing.女生和那位老师在跳舞。Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret.除了汤姆和杰克没人知道这个秘密。4.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither等作主语时，谓语用单数。如：Somebody is asking for you. 有人在找你。Everyon

7、e is here. 大家都来了。There is something wrong with my bike. 没有的自行车有点毛病。注意事项：（1）each本身作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词则用复数。如：Each of them has a dictionary.他们每人有本词典。They each have a dictionary. 他们每人有本词典。（2）当none of后面接的是可数名词时，谓语动词用单复数都可以；如接的是不可数名词，就只能用单数形式。如：None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。None of the mon

8、ey was paid to me.连一分钱也没有付给我。（3）all作主语，指人时，谓语用复数；指物时，谓语用单数。如：All have gone home. 大家都走了。All that glitters is not gold. 发亮的不一定都是金子。5. “many a (an) +名词” 和 “more than one +名词”做主语，谓语用单数。Many a student is interested in English grammar. 很多学生对英语语法感兴趣。More than one person was involved in the case.不止一人卷入这个案子。

9、6.在四则运算中谓语单复数均可（常用单数）。Three and four is (are) seven. 3加4等于7.Two times ten is (are) twenty.2乘10等于20.7.当kind of, type o f, sort of, pair of等做主语时，谓语与of 前的kind, pair, type等保持一致。如：This pair of trousers was made by Master Li. 这条裤子是李师傅做的。The kind of the apple tastes delicious.这种苹果很好吃。Some kinds of bamboo g

10、row very fast.有些种类的竹子生长的非常快。注意事项：“名词+of this kind”结构作主语，谓语与其中的名词保持一致。如：Apples of this kind are highly priced.这种苹果定价很高。Men of this kind are dangerous.这种人很危险。8.由“some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，part of或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓

11、语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。如：The rest of the lecture is dull讲座的其余部分是枯燥的。The rest of the bicycles are on sale today剩余的自行车今天出售。Half of the apple is rotten这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。Half of the apples are rotten这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。注意事项：（1）当“a number ofa variety ofvarieties of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但“the number o

12、f(表数目)和the variety of(表种类)等+可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：A number of new houses have been built there在那儿已建起许多新房子。There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop那个商店出售各种各样的商品。The number of the people who know the secret is very limited知道这个秘密的人数很有限。The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising那个商店商品的

13、品种多得惊人。（2）“a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“large amounts of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。“a large quantity of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“a large quantity of+复数名词”作主语，谓语常用复数。“large quantities of+不可数名词复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。“a goodgreat deal of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。如：A large amount of clean water is wasted every day每天有大量干净的水被浪费掉。Vast

14、 amounts of money are being invested in the local market大量的资金投在当地的市场上。Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year这个城市每年要消费大量的啤酒。A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge很多钱花在建这座桥上。A large quantity of materials were spent on the building建这个大楼耗费了大量的建筑材料。A good deal of work has

15、 to be done today今天有大量的工作要做。9.在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，从句谓语单复形式根据先行词来判断：若是one of结构，定语从句谓语用复数；若是the only one of结构，定语从句谓语用单数。如：Mary is one of the girls who like hiking.Mary is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.10.“one and a half +复数名词”或“a / one +单数名词+ and a half”作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：One and a

16、half months has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。但是，国外一些词书则认为，谓语动词的数取决于这两个结构中名词的数：One and a half months have passed. 已经过去了一个半月。A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。11.“one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon昨天下午有一两个学生在植

17、树。【练习一】1.（09陕西）Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer.2.（2012湖南）All the scientific evidence _ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ (be) damaging our health.3.（11安徽卷）The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which

18、 _ (be) saved for other purposes.4.（11湖南卷) One third of the country _ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_ (be) black people.5.（10全国）Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ (wear) evening dress.6.（10湖南）Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ (have

19、) caused hearing loss in some teenagers.7.（10四川）Such poets as Shakespeare _ (be) widely read, of whose works, however, some _ (be) difficult to understand.8.（09山东）The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ (be) rising steadily since1990.9.（08陕西）Did you go to the show last night?

20、Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _ (be) invited.10.（06江苏）A poet and artist _ (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. 11.（05山东）With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ (wash) away each year.12.（07江西）Professor James will give u

21、s a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet.A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided二、意义上一致1.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、长度、价值、数目等名词作主语时，尽管其形式是复数，但在概念上通常把这些名词看作是一个整体，因此根据意义一致的原则，谓语动词多用单数形式。如：Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt25美元买那件衬衣太贵了。Fi

22、fty minutes isnt enough to finish this test50分钟完成这个测试是不够的。Ten miles seems like a long walk to me对我来说，10英里步行似乎很远。当然，在许多情况下，也可根据语法一致的原则，把这些名词复数看作一个个的个体，使用复数动词。如：Ten years have passed before I realized it.不知不觉10年过去了。2.当“the+形容词（过去分词）”指一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。指个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。The poor live a hard life.穷人的日子不好过。The

23、 sick and wounded were sent home.病人和伤员被送回家。The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。The wounded is our headmaster.那个伤员是我们的校长。3.当maths(mathematics), politics, physics等学科名词作主语时，谓语用单数。Politics is his favorite subject.政治学是他最喜欢的学科。Maths is a subject that is difficult to learn.数学是一门很难学的课程。4.书名、报刊名以及某些以-s结尾的专有名词作

24、主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：Roots was a novel about a slave family.根是一本有关奴隶家庭的小说。Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories.一千零一夜充满了有趣的故事。The United States is a developed country.美国是个发达国家。5.当集合名词audience, family, class, army, group, team, enemy, government, public, couple等作主语时，如果主语看作一个整体，谓语用单数，如果强调其中的成员（个体时）

25、谓语用复数。My family is a big one.我们家是个大家庭。My family are all music lovers.我们家全是音乐爱好者。The football team is the best one in this area.这只球队是这个地区最好的一支球队。The football team are having a bath.球员们正在洗澡。但有些集合名词，如police, cattle, people等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语只能用复数。如：The people hope to live a happy life人民希望过上好日子。The police h

26、ave caught the criminal警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。Cattle feed on grass牛以草为食。6.有的名词是单数、复数相同，如sheep, deer, aircraft, means, fish, works, species,等，作主语时，如表示复数意义，动词用复数；如表示单数意义，动词用单数。例如：Every possible means has been tried.每种方法都尝试过了。All possible means have been tried.所有方法都尝试了。The crossroads isare dangerous.这个(些)十字路口很危险。

27、There are two iron and steel works in our province.我省有两家钢铁厂。A sheep is over there.那边有只羊。Some sheep are over there.那边有些羊。7.由两个对称部分组成一个物体的名词，如trousers, shoes, glasses, compasses, jeans, pants, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。如：His black trousers are too long.他的黑裤子太长。Your glasses are on your nose.你的眼镜在你鼻梁上。注：如

28、果在这类名词前用了量词pair,piece等时，其谓语动词应与pair,piece等的单复数相一致。如：A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now.现在一副眼镜值很多钱。There are two pairs of gloves on the desk.桌上有两副手套。8.有些以-ch, -sh, -ese结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与定冠词the连用，指整个民族，表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。如：The English are said to be conservative.据说英国人是保守的。The Chinese are kind and friend

29、ly.中国人民友好善良。9.当姓氏复数前加定冠词表示一家人时，谓语动词用复数。如：The Smiths were also invited.斯密斯夫妇也受到邀请。【练习二】【真题再现】1.（07江西）A survey of the opinions of experts _ (show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ (be) good for ones health. 2.（00上海春）Every possible means _ (use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is

30、 still not clear.三、就近一致1.由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut (also)连接两个或多个并列主语时，谓语动词应根据就近一致的原则，与其靠近的一个相一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are to blame或者老师或者学生们应受到指责。Not only the students but also their teacher doesnt know about it不仅学生们不知道这件事，他们的老师也不知道。Neither the students nor the teacher kno

31、ws anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。2.在there be结构中和here开头的句子，如果主语不只是一个，谓语通常和邻近的那个主语相一致。如：There is a book，two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk桌子上有一本书、两支圆珠笔和几个笔记本。There are four chairs and a table in the room房间里摆有4把椅子和一张桌子。【练习三】1.（09湖南）Either you or one o

32、f your students _ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ (be) tired of having one examination after another. (89)【巩固练习】1.Nobody but Jane _ (know) the secret. (86)2.All but one _ (be) here just now. (87)3.A library with five thousand books _ (offer) to

33、the nation as a gift. (90)4.When and where to build the new factory _ (not; decide) yet. (91)5.Either you or the headmaster_(be) to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting(1994上海)6.The number of people invited _ (be) fifty, but a number of them _ (be) absent for different reasons

34、. (96)7.E-mail, as well as telephones,_ (play) an important role in our daily life(1999上海)8.（2000全国春）All the preparations for the task _(complete), and we are ready to start.9.（2000 NMET）Two fifths of the land in that district _ (be) covered with trees and grass.10.（2000上海春）I told him what I was sur

35、prised at _ (be) his attitude towards his study.11.（2001上海）As a result of destroying the forest, a large quantity of desert _ (have) covered the land.12.（02上海春）He is the only one of the students who _(be) a winner of scholarship for three years.13.（04福建）She has set a new record, that is, the sales o

36、f her latest book _ (reach) 50 million.14.（04上海春）No one in the department but Tom and I _ (know) that the director is going to resign.15.（04广东）All the employees except the manager _(encourage) to work online at home.16.（04北京）The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ (be) visiting a museum

37、 when the earthquake struck.17.（05辽宁）Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ (work) in the clothing industry.18.（05上海）Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ (work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline.19.（05山东）The country life he was used to _

38、(change) greatly since 1992.20.（06浙江）The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ (be) used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. 21.（06安徽）Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ (be) also true of the Johnsons.22.（06辽宁）The father as well as his three children _ (g

39、o) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.23.（07湖南）We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ (be) so small that a day is unimportant. 24.（07陕西）As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area_(need) repairing.25.（09四川）The

40、 teacher together with the students _ (be) discussing Reading Skills that _ (be) newly published in America.26. （2012陕西）The basketball coach, as well as his team, _ (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.27.(2013江苏) Generally, students inner motivation with high e

41、xpectations from others _ (be) essential to their development.28.(2013湖南) The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ (be) around $8,450 a year, which _ (be) a burden for some of them.29.（2013福建）The famous musician, as well as his students, _ (invite) to perform at the

42、 opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.语法复习主谓一致答案【练习一】1. is 2. shows; is 3. were 4. is; are 5. wears 6. has 7. are；are 8. has been 9. was 10.is 11. are being washed 12.A【练习二】1. shows; is 2. has been used 【练习三】1. is 2. are 【巩固练习】1. knows 2. were 3. is offered 4. is not decided/hasnt been decided 5.is 6. was; were 7. plays 8. have been completed 9.is 10. was 11.has 12. has been 13. have reached 14. knows 15. are encouraged 16. was 17. work/are working 18. is working 19. has changed 20. were 21. is 22. goes 23. is 24. need 25. is; was 26. was 27. is 28. are; is 29. was invited 专心-专注-专业