2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析(共32页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析(完整版)跨考教育英语教研室Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be pain

2、ful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral sc

3、ientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one5each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half

4、of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.Subseque

5、ntexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan12newscientific

6、advances,forinstance-butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultss

7、uggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughononescuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity.Hseesays.Inotherwords,dontreadonlinecomments.1. A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret3.A

8、.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt7. A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When8. A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change9. A.rather thanB.such asC.regardless ofD.owing to10. A.disagreeB. forgiveC.forgetD.discover11. A.payB.

9、marriageC.foodD.schooling12.A.begin withB.rest onC.learn fromD.lead to13.A. withdrawalB. inquiryC .persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC. self-evidentD.self-deceptive15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal17. A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.preten

10、d18. A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty19.A. whetherB.whyC.whereD.how20. A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequencesSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（4

11、0 points）Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical m

12、emorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing student

13、s to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational educati

14、on “have that stereotype.that its for kids who cant make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely eva

15、porated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:Thats not the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelors degree opens more doors

16、.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportuni

17、ty that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most arent equipped to do them.Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake

18、-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nations diversiy of gifts.21.【题干】A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of_.A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.【题干】There existsthe prejudice that vocational educ

19、ation is for kids who_.A.are financially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation23.【题干】We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates_.A.are entitled to more “ducational privilegesB.are reluctant to work in manufacturingC.used to h

20、ave more job opportunitiesD.used to have big financial concerns24.【题干】The headlong push into bachelois degrees for all_.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher education2

21、5.【题干】The authors attitude toward Koziateks school can be described as_.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousText2While fossil fuels- coal,oil,gas- still generate roughly 85 percentof theworlds energy supply,itsclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewablesources such as wind and s

22、olar.The move to renewables is picking up momentumaround the world: They now account for more than half ofnew power sourcesgoing on line.Some growth stems from a commitment bygovernmentsand farsighted Businssesto fundcleanerenergy sources.But increasinglythestoryisabout theplummetingprices of renewa

23、bles,especially wind and solar.The cost of solarpanels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close taone-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland,for example, wind turbines provide enough electrici

24、ty to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Info

25、rmation Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provi

26、de 36 percent of the states electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesntbloworthesundoesntshine?hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestorage apa

27、cityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowing aroundthe clockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriveninparbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbig betsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararity onroadsnow.thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincoming years. While t

28、heres alongwaytogo,thetrendlinesfor renewablesarespiking.The paceof changeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingupperhaps:justintime tohavea meaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes-or doesntdo-topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatimeof aglobalshiftinthought.26.【题干】The word plu

29、mmeting(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to _【选项】A.stabilizing B.changing C.falling D.rising27.【题干】AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyin America_【选项】A.isprogressingnotablyB.isasextensiveasinEuropeC.facesmanychallengesD.hasprovedtobeimpractical28.【题干】ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,_.【选项】A.wind

30、isawidelyusedenergysourceB.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuelsC.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergyD.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply29.【题干】Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manuf

31、acturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _.【选项】A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encour

32、aged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost30.【题干】It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _.【选项】A. will bring the US closer to other countries B. will accelerate global environmental change C. is not really encouraged by the US government D.

33、 is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp

34、 messaging service, which doesnt have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it brok

35、e the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which

36、Theresa Mays enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops ft owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing

37、, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted d

38、eals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services dont pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital adve

39、rtising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product theyre selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce whe31.【题干】According to Paragr

40、aph1，Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its。【选项】AdigialproductsBuserinformationCphysical assetsDquality service32.【题干】Linking phone numbers to Faccbook identities may【选项】A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.【题干】According

41、to the author，competition law【选项】A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalancensC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing market34.【题干】Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook nsersBecause【选项】A.they are no d

42、efined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.these rvices aregenerally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.【题干】The ants analogy is used to llustrate【选项】A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattem among digital giantsC.the benefits provid

43、ed for digital giants customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport,author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of “deep work” - the ability to fucus witho

44、ut distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work - be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to det

45、ermine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a docto

46、rs appointment or important meeting,” he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the