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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上学科中医 traditional Chinese medicinetraditional Chinese physician 中医学的简称。本学科专业职业队伍。中药 Chinese materia medica 在中医理论指导下应用的药物。包括中药材、中药饮片和中成药等。中医学 traditional Chinese medicine 以中医药理论与实践经验为主体，研究人类生命活动中健康与疾病转化规律及其预防、诊断、治疗、康复和保健的综合性科学。中药学 Chinese materia medica 中药学科的统称。研究中药基本理论和各种药材饮片、中成药的来源、采制、性

2、能、功效、临床应用等知识的学科。中医药 traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology本草：Materia medica中药：Chinese materia medica，Chinese medicinals(包括植物药、动物药、矿物药等）中草药：Chinese Herbal Medicine,Chinese medicinal herbs中药学：Chinese pharmaceutics药材：Medicinal substance(material)中西医结合 integration of traditional and western medic

3、ine中医基础理论 basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine中医诊断学 diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine 方剂学 prescriptions of Chinese materia medica， Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae/ prescriptions中医内科学 internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine 阴阳The Theory of Yin and Yang阴阳对立：Opposition

4、of yin and yang 阴阳制约：Restriction of /between yin and yang阴阳互根：Interdependence of yin and yang阴阳消长：Waxing and waning of yin and yang 阴阳转化：Inter-transformation of yin and yang五行学说The Theory of Five Elements五行：water，fire，wood，metal，soil 生：promote, generate, engender 克： act, restrict, restrain 乘：overact

5、, over-restrict, over-restrain, subjugate, overwhelm 侮：counteract, counter-restrict, counter-restrain, rebel 整体观念 concept of organic wholeness辩证法 dialectics生长化收藏 sprouting, growth，transformation，ripening，storage内外环境统一性 the unity between the internal and external environments 机体自身整体性 the integrity of

6、 the body itself 古代唯物论和辩证法 classic Chinese materialism and dialectics 矛盾统一the contradictory unity 互相联系、相互影响related to each other and influence each other 标本 Biao (secondary aspect) and Ben (primary aspect) 本质与现象nature and phenomena 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性universality and speciality of contradictions 寒者热之Cold dis

7、ease should be treated by warm therapy 热者寒之warm disease should be treated by cold therapy 虚者补之deficiency syndrome should be treated by tonifying therapy 实者泻之excess syndrome should be treated by purgation therapy 治病必求其本 Treatment of diseases must concentrate on the root cause同病异治 treatment of the sam

8、e disease with different therapeutic methods 异病同治 treatment of different diseases with the same therapeutic method 精气神清阳为天 The lucid Yang ascends to form the heaven 浊阴为地 The turbid Yin descends to constitute the earth气化 Qi transformation 升降出入 ascending, descending, going out, coming in 出入废则神机化灭，升降息则

9、气立孤危。 If the activities of going out and coming into stop, the transforming mechanism of Shen (Spirit) will be damaged; if the activities of ascending and descending stop, Qi will be immediately isolated and endangered. 精气 Jingqi (Essential-Qi) 先天之精 prenatal essence 后天之精 postnatal essence 神 Shen (sp

10、irit) 形神学说 the theory of body and spirit 形与神俱 the body and the Shen (Spirit) exist simultaneously 形神统一 the unity between the body and the Shen (Spirit) 治则病邪 pathogenic factors 正气存内，邪不可干。 Sufficient Healthy-Qi inside the body will prevent invasion of pathogenic factors. 邪之所凑，其气必虚。 The region where pa

11、thogenic factors invades must be deficient in Qi. 顺四时而适寒暑，和喜怒而安居处 Abidance to the changes of the four seasons, active adapation to cold and heat, harmony of emotional changes and peaceful living. 养生防病，延年益寿cultivating health, preventing disease and prolonging life 气血津液气化 qi transformation气机 qi moveme

12、nt元气（原气）primordial ( yuan qi)真气genuine qi (zhenqi)宗气pectoral qi (zong qi)营气nutritive qi( ying qi)卫气defensive qi(wei ai)气的推动功能 promoting action of Qi气的温煦功能 warming action of Qi气的防御功能 defending action of Qi气的固摄功能 controlling action of Qi气的气化功能 action of Qi Transformation血水谷精微 cereal essence营气和津液 nutri

13、ent qi and body fluid营养和滋润 nourishing and moistening 血主濡之。 Blood is responsible for nurturing body.中焦受气取汁，变化而赤，是谓血。The middle energizer receives qi, takes the juice and transforms into red liquid called blood.血虚 blood deficiency/asthenia血瘀 blood stasis/stagnation 血热 blood-heat血寒 blood-cold出血 hemorrh

14、age津液津液Body fluid /Jin and Ye稠厚度thickness成分，功能，分布property,function,distribution分泌物secreta胆汁、肠液、鼻涕、眼泪、汗 液、尿液gastric juice, intestinal juice, nasal discharge, tears, sweat, urine形成formation分布distribution排泄excretion 脾的传输transmitting of the spleen肺的宣降dispersing and descenging of the lung肾的蒸腾气化steaming a

15、nd transforming of the kidney三焦为通道the triple energizer serve as the passage-way饮入于胃，游溢精气，上输于脾，脾气散精，上归于肺，通调水道，下输膀胱，水精四布，五经并行。After food and water have entered the stomach, they are digested and transformed into food essence and then, transmitted upward to the spleen, which disperses the essence upwar

16、d to the lung and the lung regulates water pathways downward to the urinary bladder. And by doing so body fluid is finally disseminated to all parts of the body along all the meridians and collaterals. body fluid is formed from food and water by digestion and absorption of the stomach, separating th

17、e clarity from the turbidity of the small intestine and tramformation of the spleen; the distribution and excretion of body fluid are accomplished by the joint action of many zang-fu organ, such as the transforming function of the spleen, the dispersing and descending function of the lung, the steam

18、ing and ascending function of the kidney; and body fluid takes triple energizer as its passageway for distribution and excretion. (1)津液由胃中 消化吸收、小肠进行分清别浊、脾运化的水谷中形成。(2)津液的分布和排泄由许多脏腑组织共同完成，如脾的运化功能、肺的宣发肃降功能、肾的蒸发沉降功 能。(3)津液以三焦为通道进行分布和排泄。藏象学说The Theory of Visceral Manifestations 脏腑 the internal organs,vis

19、cera. 藏/脏 solid organs, viscera, depots, zang organs, yin organs府/腑 hollow organs, bowels (the intestines), palaces, fu organs, yang organs五脏 five viscera, five zang organs, the yin organs六腑 six bowels, six fu organs, the yang organs心，肝，脾，肺，肾 heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney胆，胃，大肠，小肠，膀胱，三焦gallblad

20、der, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, (urinary) bladder, triple energizer/burner奇恒之腑 extraordinary fu organs 脑、髓、骨、脉、胆、女子胞brain, marrow, bone, vessel, gallbladder, uterus心包 pericardium上/中/下焦 upper/ middle/lower energizer/burner命门 gate of life, life gate, vital gate, gate of vitality苗窍 sign

21、al orifice 膻中 thoracic center 膜（募）原 interior-exterior interspace 五神 five emotions五华 five lustre五体 five body constituents 五志 five minds 五液 five humors七情 seven emotions 膏肓cardio-diaphgramatic interspace丹田Dantan /Elixir field赤白肉际：dorso-ventral boundary (of the hand or foot), house of blood (血府): blood

22、vesselhouse of marrow (髓府): bonesea of blood (血海): liver (or conception vessel)sea of marrow (髓海): brain blood chamber (血室): uterus (or conception vessel)essence chamber (精室):life gate藏精气而不泻 storing essence without leaking传化物而不藏 digesting and transporting food and drink without storing essence /tran

23、sform food into essence but not store it心主血脉。The heart governs the blood and (blood ) vessels.The heart regulates the flow of blood. (circulation) 心藏神。The heart stores the spirit.心开窍于舌。The heart opens into the tongue. 舌为心之苗窍。The tongue is the sprout of the heart. 心，其华在面。The Hearts brilliance manifes

24、ts in the face.The hearts bloom is in the face.The heart has its outward manifestations on the face. 心与小肠相表里。The heart stands in interior-exterior relationship with the small intestine. 肺主气，通调水道 。The lung governs qi.The lung regulates the waterways.The lungs move and adjust the Water Channels.肺主皮毛。T

25、he lung governs the skin and body hair.The lung is in charge of the body surface. 肺合皮毛。The lung is interrelated with the skin and body hair.The brilliance of the Lungs manifests in the body hair.In other words, the Lungs regulate the secretion of sweat, the moistening of the skin, and resistance to

26、External Pernicious Influences. 肺开窍于鼻。The lung opens at the nose.鼻为息道。The nose is the “thoroughfare for respiration”.Many common nose and throat disorders are therefore treated through the Lungs.肺与大肠相表里。The lung stands in interior-exterior relationship with the large intestine.The lung governs qi an

27、d the heart governs blood.肺为贮痰之器，脾为生痰之源。The lung is the receptacle that holds phlegm and the spleen is the source of phlegm formation.肺为气之主，肾为气之根。The lung is the governor of qi and the kidney is the root of qi.肺主一身之表。The lung is in charge of the body surface. 肺主气，司呼吸。The lung governs qi, performs re

28、spiration/controlls breathing主宣发肃降governs disseminating, cleansing and descending/ governs diffusion, purification and descending通调水道 regulates the waterways肺朝百脉,主治节The lung connecting all vessels/The lung faces all the blood vessels, governs management and regulation脾主运化水谷，输布精微。The spleen governs m

29、ovement （transportation) and transformation of grain and water and distribution of its essence.脾统血。The spleen manages the blood.脾主肌肉和四肢，开窍于口。The spleen governs the flesh and limbs, and opens into the mouth.胃主受纳和腐熟水谷。Take in, food intakeDecompose, digest food into chymeThe stomach governs intake and

30、decomposition （digestion ) of grain and water.升清Send clarity (pure) upward小肠主泌别清浊。 The small intestine governs separation of the clear and the turbid.大肠主传化糟粕。the large intestine governs transformation and conveyance of waste.肝主疏泄。The liver governs free coursing, which refers to liver qis physiologic

31、al function of ensuring smooth free flow (of qi and blood). Ensuring smooth and regular floe of qi; 胆汁的化生和排泄Secretion and discharge of bile Emotional disturbance: mental depression, impatience, etc.肝藏血。The liver stores blood.肝藏血是指肝有贮存血液和调节血量的作用。The liver is capable of retaining blood and regulating

32、the amount of blood in the body.食气入胃，淫精于肝。Food qi enters the stomach and sends essence to the liver. 肝主筋，其华在爪。The liver governs the sinews; its bloom is the nails.肝主筋。 爪为筋之余。肝，其华在爪。The liver governs the sinews: the movement of all the sinews of the body is associated with the liver.肝开窍于目。The liver o

33、pens at the eyes.肾藏精，主生长、发育和生殖。The kidney stores essence (or essential qi), and is responsible for growth, development, and reproduction. （maturation)肾主骨、生髓。The kidney governs the bones and engenders marrow.肾主水。The kidney governs water.肾开窍于耳和二阴。其华在发。The kidney opens into the ears and the two yin (th

34、e two private parts: the urethra and anus) and its bloom is in the hair of the head.Kidney yin (true yin, original yin) has a moisten and nourish 滋养和濡润warm and activate推动和温煦produce and store essence 化生和贮藏精气receive, trsport and transform water and food 受盛和传化水谷Viscera inside the body must manifest the

35、mselves externally.有诸内，必形诸外。Kidney yin and kidney yang are in reality two antagonistic and complementary aspects of kidney essential qi.Detriment (damage or harm) to yin affects yang.Detriment to yang affects yin病因Etiology邪，病邪 Evil; Pathogenic factor; Pathogen六淫six excesses; six exogenous pathogenic

36、 factors; six climatic pathogenic factors; Six external pernicious influences风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火 wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness,fire外感六淫diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor六气Six qi;Six natural factors;Six climatic factors;Six climatic influences；Six exogenous qi疫疠（疠气）Pestilence; pestil

37、ential qi内生五邪 Five Endogenous Pathogenic Factors;Five Internal Pernicious Influences 七情 seven emotions; seven affects 喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊 joy, anger, melancholy (sadness, worry), anxiety (pensiveness, contemplation), grief (sorrow), fear, fright七情内伤internal damage due to seven emotions饮食Improper diet; imb

38、alanced diet内伤脾胃，百病由生。Internal damage of the spleen and stomach will result in the occurrence of various diseases./The occurrence of various diseases may result from the internal damage of the spleen and stomach. 外伤 traumatic injuries 跌打损伤，金刃伤，虫兽咬伤 Traumatic injuries due to fall, cuts, insect or ani

39、mal bites痰饮 Phlegmfluid瘀血 Blood stasis中医 traditional Chinese medicinetraditional Chinese physician 中医学的简称。本学科专业职业队伍。中药 Chinese materia medica 在中医理论指导下应用的药物。包括中药材、中药饮片和中成药等。中医学 traditional Chinese medicine 以中医药理论与实践经验为主体，研究人类生命活动中健康与疾病转化规律及其预防、诊断、治疗、康复和保健的综合性科学。中药学 Chinese materia medica 中药学科的统称。研究中药

40、基本理论和各种药材饮片、中成药的来源、采制、性能、功效、临床应用等知识的学科。中医药 traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology 中医与中药的合称。中医药学 traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology 中医学与中药学的合称，侧重反映中医与中药两者共同发展，密不可分。中西医结合 integration of traditional and western medicine 现代医学等现代科学知识及手段来继承和发展中医药，中西医学相互补充，取长补短，诊治疾病的医学形式。中医基础理论 basic theo

41、ry of traditional Chinese medicine 研究和阐明中医学的基本概念、基本理论、基本规律、基本原则的学科。中医诊断学 diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine 根据中医学的理论体系，研究诊察病情、判断病种、辨别证候的基础理论、基本知识和基本技能的学科。方剂学 prescriptions of Chinese materia medica 研究治法与方剂配伍规律及其临床运用的学科。中医内科学 internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine 研究外感温病、内伤杂病等内科疾病

42、诊治与预防的临床中医学。中医外科学 surgery of traditional Chinese medicine 研究疮疡、瘿、瘤、岩、乳房病、皮肤病、肛门、直肠疾病及外科杂病的诊治与预防的临床中医学。中医皮肤科学 dermatology of traditional Chinese medicine 研究皮肤疾病诊治与预防的中医外科学。中医肛肠科学 proctology of traditional Chinese medicine 研究肛肠疾病诊治与预防的中医外科学。中医妇科学 gynecology of traditional Chinese medicine 研究妇女生理、病理特点和

43、经、带、胎、产等妇女特有疾病诊治与预防的临床中医学。中医儿科学 pediatrics of traditional Chinese medicine 研究小儿生长发育和麻、痘、惊、疳等小儿疾病诊治与预防保健的临床医学。中医眼科学 ophthalmology of traditional Chinese medicine 研究眼与眼的附属器官生理、病理，和胞睑、白睛、黑睛、瞳神等眼科疾病诊治与预防的临床中医学。中医耳鼻喉科学 otorhinolaryngology of traditional Chinese medicine 研究耳、鼻、咽喉、口齿、唇舌疾病诊治与预防的临床中医学。中医骨伤科学

44、 osteology and traumatology of traditional Chinese medicine 研究骨关节伤折，肌肤、筋肉、脏腑、经脉损伤疾病诊治与预防的临床中医学。中医急诊学 science of emergentology of traditional Chinese medicine 研究急危重疾病及证候诊治的临床中医学。针灸学 science of acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine 研究经络、腧穴、操作技能、治疗法则、作用机制及防治疾病规律的中医学科。中医推拿学 science

45、 of tuina of traditional Chinese medicine 研究推拿治疗原理及其应用的临床中医学。中医养生学 science of preservation of traditional Chinese medicine 研究中国传统保健理论与方法和应用的中医学科。中医康复学 science of rehabilitation of traditional Chinese medicine 研究康复医学基本理论、方法及其应用的中医学科。中医护理学 science of nursery of traditional Chinese medicine 研究提供各类水平护理理

46、论、方法及其应用的中医学科。温病学 science of epidemic febrile disease of traditional Chinese medicine 研究温病发生、发展规律及其诊治和预防方法的一门临床学科。药用植物学 pharmaceutical botany 运用植物学知识和方法研究中医药用植物的中药学科。中药化学 chemistry of Chinese materia medica 运用化学原理和方法研究中药化学成分的中药学科。中药药理学 pharmacology of Chinese materia medica 运用现代科学方法研究中药与机体（包括病原体）相互作

47、用及其作用规律的中药学科。中药鉴别学 identification of Chinese materia medica 研究中药鉴别的中药学科。中药炮制学 science of processing Chinese materia medica 研究中药炮制理论、工艺、规格标准等的中药学科。中药药剂学 pharmacy of Chinese materia medica 研究中药药剂的配置理论、生产技术、质量控制与合理应用等的中药学科。中药制剂分析 analysising drug form of Chinese materia medica 运用现代分析理论和方法研究中药制剂质量的中药学科。中国医学史 Chinese medical history 研究中国医学发展过程及其规律的中医学科。中医文献学 Chinese medical literature 以中医医籍文献为研究对象的中医学科。中医各家学说 theories of schools of