英语冠词及练习(共20页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语冠词及练习一、概述冠词是指本身不能独立使用,放在名词之前用来说明名词所指的人或事物的词。冠词是虚词,在句子中一般不重读。Jumping out of an airplane at ten thousand feet is quite an exciting experience.在几千英尺的高处,从一架飞机里跳出来是一项十分刺激的体验。The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.毛衣的保暖性能当然取决于所用羊毛的种类。二、冠词的分类冠词分三类,即不定
2、冠词(indefinite article)、定冠词(definite article)和零冠词(zero article)。1、不定冠词(1)不定冠词有a与an两种形式,表示一类人或事物的“一”或“一个”。I borrowed an umbrella.我借来一把伞。A teacher shouldnt talk like that. 教师不应当那样讲话。 (2)用在单数名词之前,与one比较不强调数目概念,one更强调数目概念。 She is a farmers daughter. 她是(一个)农民的女儿。(不强调数目) There is only one American in his c
3、lass.他班里只有一名美国人。(强调数目)(3)a用在辅音之前,an用在元音之前。 She is a newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.他在化学方面虽是新手,但已经有了一些重大发明。 Please pay attention to your spelling. Youve dropped an “m” here.注意你的拼写。你在这里漏掉了一个m。注意:我们应根据读音(而非字母)来判断一个名词是否以元音开头。 She comes from a European country.她
4、来自一个欧洲国家。(虽然European以元音字母e开头,但是第一个音节读辅音。) He is a university student.他是一名大学生。(虽然university以元音字母u开头,但是第一个音节读辅音。) He spent an hour reading the book.他用了一小时读书。(虽然hour以辅音字母h开头,但是第一个音节读元音。) This is a one-act-play.这是一台独角戏。(虽然one-act-play以元音字母o开头,但是第一个音节读辅音。) He is an honest man.他是一个诚实的人。(虽然honest以辅音字母h开头,但
5、是第一个音节读元音。)巧记a和an:单词:不见原因(元音),别施“恩 (n)”。 字母表:Mr Li has one fox.( a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x前用an)。2、定冠词the (1)定冠词the特指和类指一类人或事物中的某(些)人或某(些)事物。Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.(类指电话)亚历山大格莱汉姆在1876年发明了电话。 The telephone is out of order.这部电话坏了。(特指这部电话)(2)定冠词the意思接近this和that,在不少情况下可以译作“这(些
6、)”或“那(些)”,不过它的指示性比this和that要弱一些,一般不重读,在多数情况下都不译出来。Please pass me the salt.请把(那些)盐递给我。(the不重读,也可以翻译出来,也可以不翻译,如用this需要重读还必须翻译出来。) Show me the computer(s) youve just bought.把你刚买来的(那些)电脑给我看看。(the不重读,也可以翻译出来,也可以不翻译,如用this需要重读还必须翻译出来。)(3)定冠词the可以修饰可数名词(单、复数)或不可数名词。 The air was full of butterflies.空中都是蝴蝶。
7、Look at the picture.瞧这张画。3、零冠词 零冠词是一种无形的冠词,也就是既不用定冠词也不用不定冠词的场合。专用名词、抽象名词和物质名词都用零冠词。 Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。 Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。三、冠词的基本用法在学习冠词的用法时,必须明确特指与泛指的概念,特指是大家都知道的所指的事物或内容;泛指是指不明确、不特别指明的或者一类中任何具有代表性的人或事物。名词前用哪一个冠词、用还是不用冠词通常取决于名词的类别和意义。也就是名词可数还是不可数、单数还是复数、特指还是泛指。它们的关系可以用
8、下表表示:冠词意义用法举例名词类别特 指泛 指表类别表示“一个(些)”可数名词单数the booka book/an ideaa book/an idea可数名词复数the booksbookssome books不可数名词the waterwatersome water冠词总是与名词一起连用,它的基本用法是:1、在可数名词单数前用定冠词或不定冠词 A computer is an electronic device.计算机是电子装置。(不定冠词表示类指) That is the place where Lincoln was born.那里是林肯诞生的地方。(定冠词表示特指)2、复数名词前可
9、用定冠词或零冠词Beyond the stars, the astronauts saw nothing but space.在星星上方,宇航员除了太空外什么也看不到。(定冠词表示特指)Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind unless they kill them for food. 多数动物与别的动物没有多少联系,除非它们以其作为食物而捕杀。(零冠词表示泛指)3、不可数名词前可用定冠词或零冠词 The sign reads “In case of fire, break the glass
10、and push the red button.” 万一失火,打碎此玻璃,然后按这个红色按钮。(零冠词表示泛指)The water in that lake is badly polluted.那个湖里面的水被严重污染了。4、专用名词前用零冠词Mr. Tailor will visit Japan next week.泰勒先生下周将访问日本。(Mr. Tailor是专用名词前用零冠词)New York is one of the largest cities in the world.纽约是世界上最大的城市之一。(New York是专用名词前用零冠词)四、冠词的位置1、放在名词之或定语之前一般
11、说来冠词与名词连用应放在名词之前,若名词有其它定语,也应放在定语之前。Thats a hat ,not a cat .那是帽子,不是猫。She was an excellent engineer.她是一位出色的工程师。The short-wave radio is the most expensive of all.这部短波收音机是所有当中最贵的一部。2、放在某些定语之后(1)单数可数名词被such等修饰时单数可数名词被such, many, half, what等修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。There is such a book in English on my desk.我书桌上有一
12、本这样的英语书。For many a day it snowed.雪下了好多天。I drank only half a bottle of orange at dinner.晚宴上我只喝了半瓶橘汁。What a long way it is from Beijing to London! 从北京到伦敦是多么远的路程啊! (此时的what当“多么“讲,引导感叹句不作为疑问词)注意:在美国英语中,a也可以放在half之前。He will be back in a half year.他半年后回来。(2)名词前作定语的形容词被as等修饰时当单数可数名词前作定语的形容词被as, how, howeve
13、r, so, too等修饰时,不定冠词置于形容词之后。Our neighbor has as big a house as ours.我们邻居的房子和我们的一样大。How interesting a lecture was given by the speaker!演说者作了一次多么生动的演讲!It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.都认为教学是一门艺术也是一门科学。So heavy a box cannot be lifted by a boy of five. 这么沉的箱子,一个
14、五岁的孩子是拿不动的。(3)在由as,though引导的让步状语从句的表语前置句型中,不定冠词应放在形容词后面。Young a man though he is ,he knows a lot about the world.尽管他很年轻,但对这个世界却了解得很多。Brave a child as he is ,he trembles at the sight of a tiger.他虽然是个勇敢的孩子,但一见到老虎就发抖。(4)副词quite, rather修饰的形容词作定语时,不定冠词可置于quite,rather之前或它们之后。置于其前语气较强。He is rather a clever
15、 boy .或He is a rather clever boy.他是一个相当聪明的男孩子。Thats quite a surprising result.或Thats a quite surprising result.这种结局很令人吃惊。注意:若名词前无形容词修饰,不定冠词则须置于quite, rather之后。Mr. Brown is quite a scholar.布朗先生是个大学者。Its rather a pity.这令人相当遗憾。(5)当定冠词the与all, half, both, double等词连用修饰名词时,定冠词要放在这些词之后。We talked and laughe
16、d all the morning.整个早上我们都在谈笑。Half the pears were eaten.有一半的梨被吃掉了。The car runs at double the speed.汽车以加倍的速度行驶。(6)当定冠词与表示倍数twice, three times、分数one-third, three-fifths的词等一起修饰名词时,需要放在这些词之后。One-third of the villagers were well educated.三分之一的村民曾受过良好的教育。Paper produced every year is three times the weight
17、of the worlds production of vehicles.每年生产的纸的产量是世界生产汽车总重量的三倍。(7)当much, exactly等词修饰the same时,the放在这些词之后。You talked much the same as she did.你说话和她一样。I want exactly the same book as yours.我就要和你的一样的书。五、不定冠词的用法1、使用不定冠词的场合(1)不定冠词与单数可数名词连用,表示某一类人或事物,亦可泛指某类人或事物中的“任何一个”。A square has four sides .正方形有四条边。A teac
18、her must love his students .教师必须爱学生。注意:不定冠词和定冠词皆可表示类属,但不定冠词强调的是个别,定冠词强调的是类别;不定冠词相当于every,定冠词相当于all。 A man should love his country.= Everyone should love his country.人应当爱国。 The horse is a useful animal. = All horses are useful animals.马是有用的动物。(2)不定冠词用来表示数量“一”。Rome wasnt built in a day.(谚)罗马不是一天建成的。Th
19、e project will be carried out in a year or two .这个项目将在一两年内予以实施。(3)在表示时间或度量衡等的词组中,不定冠词用得较普遍。an hour 一个小时 twice a day一天两次 a dozen一打 a pair of 一双 a pound 一英磅 a kilo一千克a great many许多,大量 a great number of 许多 a quarter 四分之一He went home twice a month.他一个月回两次家。He bought a pair of shoes yesterday.他昨天买了一双鞋。(4
20、)用于单数可数名词之前,不表示特定的人或物。Here is a letter for you.这儿有你一封信。A guest from Australia is coming to visit our school.一位澳大利亚客人将来参观我们的学校。It is said that a man - made moon will be seen in the sky at the end of the century.据说本世纪末天空中将出现一轮人造月亮。(5)用于单数表语或同位语之前,泛指某人或某物属哪一类(如职务、行业等)。Is this a plane or a spaceship?这是飞
21、机还是宇宙飞船?She has now become an engineer.她现在成了工程师了。Ive come as a secretary.我是作为秘书而来的。We all considered him an honest man.我们都认为他是诚实的人。(6)不定冠词用在序数词前,表示“再一”“又一”。I asked her a third time, but she hadnt answered once yet.我第三次问她,她却一次也没回答。Lucy had to buy a second hat.露西必须再买一顶帽子。(7)不定冠词用在“of +a(n)+(可以限定类别或数量的
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