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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语句子成分句子是由词或词组(短语)按照一定的语法规则构成的,表达一个完整的意思。在谈话时要用一定的语调,句与句之间要有一定的停顿。在书写时句子末尾用标点符号,如句号、问号、感叹号等。句首第一个字母要大写。简介句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、七种主语是句子叙述的主体,跟汉语主语是一样的。谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、等来担任。主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分,除少数句子(如和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所
2、表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。关于哪些词语可以做主语,谓语,何时,主语与谓语的一致情况如何,下面会列出。主语定义:是句子陈述的对象,同汉语的主语。哪些词可以充当主语1,名词例如:A mooncake is a delicious,round cake.月饼是一种美味的圆饼The first truck is carryi
3、ng a few baskets.第一辆卡车是带着一个竹篮The temperature will stay above zero.气温将高于零。The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully.医生非常仔细地看着布朗夫人。China does not want to copy the USAs example.中国不希望复制美国的例子。2,例如:Its a young forest.这是一个年轻的森林。I dont know if it will grow.我不知道它是否会增长。Thats a bit expensive.那是有点贵。Youd
4、better buy a new pair.你最好买一双新的。Im afraid we havent got any black shoes.恐怕我们没有黑色的鞋。3,例如:One and two is three.一加二等于三One is not enough for me. I want one more.一个对我来说是不够的。我想再要一个。One of them is English.其中之一是英语。Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.突然一个袋子掉下了卡车。Two will be enough.两个就够了。4,(常以 Its adj.
5、 to do sth. 形式出现)例如:To give is better than to receive =Its better to give.给予比接受更好。I found its difficult to get to sleep.我发现晚上很难入睡。Its glad to see you again.很高兴再次见到你。It was difficult to say.很难说。But its good to swim in summer.但在夏天游泳是好的。5,IT 作主语,有如下情况:1)指代刚刚提到的事物:Whats this? Its a bus.(指代what)这是什么?它是一辆
6、公共汽车。2)指代一个你不知道或判断不清性别的人:Whos knocking the door? Its me. (指代 who)谁敲门?是我。Whos the baby in the picture? Its my sister. (指代 who)这幅画里的婴儿是谁?是我的妹妹。3) 表示时间,天气,距离:Whats the time? Its eight oclock. (时间)什么时间了?八点了。Whats it going to be tomorrow? Its going to be rainy.(天气)明天是什么天气?将是雨天。How far is it? Its about on
7、e kilometre away. (距离)它有多远?它大约有一公里以外的地方。6 THERE 引起的There be 句型中,be 作谓语,主语位居其后。如:There are many different kinds of mooncakes.有许多不同种类的月饼。There will be a strong wind.将会有强风。谓语谓语由动词构成,说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为和两类。不论何种,语态,语气,凡由一个动词(或动词)构成的谓语都是简单谓语。例如:I like walking.()我喜欢步行。I made your birthday
8、cake last night. (主动语态)我昨晚做好了你的生日蛋糕。It is used by travelers and business people all over the world. ()它被全世界旅行者和商业人员使用。复合谓语也可分为两种情况:第一种是由,+不带to的构成的复合谓语:What does this word mean?这个词是什么意思?I wont do it again.我不会再做一次。Ill go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.我和林涛要去移开那袋大米。Youd better catch a bus.你
9、最好乘公共汽车。第二种是由+构成的。例如:You look the same.你看起来一样。We are all here.我们都在这里。The weather gets warmer,and the days get longer.天气变暖和了,白天变长了。Keep quiet and listen to me.保持安静,听我说。He looked worried.他看上去很着急。We have to be up early in the morning.我们必须在早上早起。Is Bill in?比尔在吗?School is over. Lets go home.放学了。让我们回家。My p
10、en is in my bag.我的钢笔在我包里。I feel terrible.我感觉糟透了。I feel tried all the time.我一直觉得很疲惫。He seemed rather tired last night.他昨晚看起来很累。连系动词和在意思上紧密联系,不宜分割;有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍,此处不多说了。宾语宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。I saw a cat in the tree.我看见树上有一只猫。I want to go shopping.我想去买东西。He said
11、 he could be here.他说他会来的。We think you are right.我们认为你是对的。有些可以有两个宾语,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做,指物的宾语叫做,可以带两个宾语的动词有 bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面,但间接宾语前须加to。My father bought me a book.我父亲给我买了一本书。Give the rubber to me.把橡皮给我。Please give the letter to XiaoLi.请把这封信
12、给小李。有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外,还需要加上,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,这也是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任。We all call him LaoWang.我们都叫他老王。Please color it red.请给它涂上红颜色。We found the little girl in the hill.我们在山上找到了小女孩。定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果
13、是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。That is a beautiful flower.那是一朵漂亮的花。The TV set made in that factory is very good.那个工厂生产的电视机很好。This is my book,not your book.这是我的书,不是你的书。There are more than twenty trees in ourschool.我们学校里有二十多棵树。I have a lot of things to do.我有好多要做的事情。Our country is a developing country.我们的国家是一个发展中的国家。
14、状语1说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫。2状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。3、状语一般由副词、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语或来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等A、副词一般在句子中做状语He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好.He is playing under the tree.中的under the tree是.B、不定式在句子中可以作目的。I come spe
15、cially to see you.我专门来看你.C、Ten years ago,She began to live in Dalian.The boy was praised for his bravery.D、从句作状语When she was 12 years old,she began to live in Dalian.If I am not busy tomorrow,I will play football with you.E、作状语Having had a quarrel with his wife,he left home in a bad temper。Inhibited
16、 in one direction,it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.补语英语中补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。1主语的补语它用在系动词后,是句子的一个基本成分。常用主系表结构。1.1 I saw her with them,at least,I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起,至少,至少我认为是她。(her
17、做宾 语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语)1.2. Who broke the vase? -谁打碎了花瓶?- Me. -我。(me做主语补语= Its me.)1.3 John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. (she做主语补语)约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。2宾语的补语2.1(to do)Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。We made
18、him copy the sentence.我们让他复读这个句子。He is made to copy the sentence.他被要求复读这句子。I felt my hands tremble.我感到我的手在颤抖。2.2名词At the meeting we elected him monitor.I think your brother a clever boy.2.3形容词What you said made Xiao Wang angry.I found the classroom empty2.4Please call the students back at once.He wa
19、s seen to take his cap off.2.5We hear him singing in the hall.I found him lying in bed,sleeping.2.6He saw his face reflected in the water.I heard it spoken of in the next room.表语表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。These desks are yellow.这些桌子是黄色的。I am all r
20、ight.我没事。We are happy now.我们现在很幸福。Its over.时间到了。She is ten.她十岁了。My work is teaching English,我的工作是教英语。The dictionary is in the bag.词典在书包里边。My question is how you knew him.我的问题是你如何认识他的。同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语(appositive).这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。在一个句子中,
21、一个名词或代词后面有时还跟有另一个名词或代词,或相当于名词的短语或从句,用以说明前者的性质和情况,前者和后者的句法功能相同,因此,我们把后者视为前者的同位语。同位语是用来对名词(或代词)做进一步解释的。它可以是单词、短语或从句。同位语从句是名词从句的一种,置于某些名词后。这些名词包括:fact,doubt,idea,news,hope,indication,decision,possibility,assumption,suggestion,question等。这类从句通常由that引导,有时也可用what,why,whether,when等引导。在阅读和翻译的时候,要特别注意的是同位语和它的
22、本位语分割的情况。这种情况通常是为了保持句子的平衡而出现的。在翻译的时候,这种分割成分的译法比较灵活,可将其提前,也可不提前,还可以增加“即”,或是用冒号、破折号等分开,如:Beijing,the Captial of the Peoples Republic of China, is my hometown.中华人民共和国的首都北京是我的家乡。Mr. White, our English teacher, doesnt live far from school.我们的英语老师怀特先生住在离学校不远的地方。Meeting my uncle after all these years was a
23、n unforgettable moment, which I will always treasure.过了这么多年与我叔叔的重逢是一个难忘的日子- 一个我将永远珍惜的日子。The youngest boy, Peter, refused to accept the money.那个最小的男孩彼得拒绝接受那笔钱。Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.足球- 他唯一的爱好让他结交了许多朋友。We four were greatly touched to hear the old mans story.
24、听了老人的故事,我们四个人都很感动。Thats her habit, reading in bed.躺在床上看书是她的习惯。I am looking for a job driving cars.我正在找一份开车的工作。Your suggestion, to strike while the iron is hot,seemed a good idea.你建议要趁热打铁。这个建议很好。The question whether to confess or not troubled the girl.是否忏悔这个问题困扰着这个女孩。He gave orders that the work (sho
25、uld) be started immediately.他发出指示要立即开始工作。A saying goes that practice makes perfect.熟能生巧是一句谚语。This is Miss Chen,our English teacher.这是陈小姐,我们的英语老师。My parents both are teacher.我父母俩都是老师。We all like sports.我们都喜欢运动。介词of引导的短语也可以充当同位语。它可以表示与代词、数词、地点名词、年、月、日、年龄等名词,以及长度、速度、重量和价值等名词同位的成分。The city of Beijing is the captial of China.北京是中国的首都。The bus is running at a speed of 50 miles an hour.这辆车正以每小时50英里的速度行驶。Its now the month of September.现在是九月。专心-专注-专业
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