冠词与介词的用法讲解及练习(共5页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上冠词与介词的用法讲解一、冠词分类及其用法1.冠词的分类 不定冠词：a 和an冠词 定冠词: the 零冠词: 不使用冠词2. 不定冠词的用法（1）a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前 A useful book an用在以元音音素开头的单词前An egg(2) 基本用法：指人或事物的某一种类 e.g. She is a girl. 她是女孩 This is a desk. 这是一张书桌(3) 泛指某人或者某物，但又不具体说明何人何物 e.g. I can see a kite. 我能看见一只风筝 A boy is in Grade 1. (4) 表示“数量”，“有一”“每一”

2、的意思 e.g. We have six classes a day. 我们一天上六节课(5)表示 “同一”,相当于the same e.g The two boys are of _an_ age. Cotton of _a_ kind was stored together.(6)用于某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示 “一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”. e.g That is _a_ green tea. They were caught in _a_ heavy rain. a pleasure / a success/ a failure(7)用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个. e.

3、g _A_ Mr. Li is asking to see you at the school gate. (8)否定比较级表达最高级意义时,常用借助于不定冠词a/ an. a/ an+比较级 e.g. - What do you think of the film? - Oh, Ive never seen a worse one.3.定冠词的用法（1） 基本用法：“特指”特指某（些）人或者某（些）事物，以便与其他的人或物有所区别 e.g.The book on the desk is Jims. 书桌上的那本书是吉姆的 The chairs are there. 椅子在那里（2） 指谈话双

4、方都知道的人或事物 e.g. Where is the kite? 风筝在哪儿？（双方都知道指的是哪只风筝） Open the door, please.请把门打开（双方都知道要打开哪扇门） （3） 在叙述中，上文提到过的人或者事物，再次出现时e.g. :I can see a kite. 我看见一只风筝:Where is the kite?这个风筝在里？（4） 用在姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人” e.g. the Blacks 布来克一家（5） 用在宇宙间独一无二的天体名词之前 e.g.the sun the sky the moon the earth（6） 用在序数词和形容词最高级，及

5、形容词only, very, same 前 e.g. I live on the second floor.我住在二楼 Skating is the best sport in winter. 滑冰是冬天最好的运动 (7)用在某些建筑物和旅馆的名称之前 The Palace Museum (故宫) The Summer Palace （颐和园） (8)在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。 the Changjang River 长江/the Hudson River 哈得孙河/the West Lake 西湖 (9)用在表示乐器的名词之前 e.g. play the vi

6、olin play the piano (10)用在一些习惯用语中 e.g. in the day in the morning / afternoon/ evening the day before tomorrow/ yesterday the next morning / week/ month/ year in the sky/ water/ field/ country 4.零冠词的用法（1）名词前有了物主代词、指示代词、不定代词和“”所有格时。 e.g. Our books those apples Jims pen（2） 复数名词在表示一类人或者事物时。 e.g. They ar

7、e teachers. 他们是老师。（3） 在专有名词前 e.g. China England（4） 在星期、月份、带day的节日前 e.g. on Sunday in August on Childrens Day /womans day 请区别：in the spring of 1945 (特指,加the ) （5） 三餐前不加冠词，但特指须加,有时也可以加a 表示一顿。 e.g. have supper What do you usually have for lunch? We had a really good dinner.(特指)（6） 在一些固定搭配中 e.g. at nigh

8、t, go to school ,at table ,by bike,at work,go to bed at school,at home, watch TV,play football/ basketball (7)表示独一无二的职位、职务的名词用作表语、同位语或补足语时，常见名词有president, chairman, mayor, head, boss, secretary, leader, monitor等。 e.g. He was made monitor yesterday.(8) 表示交通工具的名词与by连用.当bike，car，taxi，bus，train，foot，shi

9、p等与介词by连用，表示一种交通手段是，不用the。 e.g.Did you come back by plane or by train? 注意：还有by water，by land，by sea，by air，on foot，On horse back 等。但take a bus，on the bike， in a boat等需加冠词。(9) 两个名词同指一个人或事物时,后面的名词前不用冠词. e.g The teacher and writer has come to the meeting.(10) 表示颜色、语种、国家前不用冠词 * in purple紫色 * in red * in

10、 English /Chinese *in Britain二、介词的用法1.时间介词in/ at/ on（1）介词in表示较长时间如：世纪、年代 、年份、月份、季节、上午/下午/晚上以及一些习惯用法。e.g. in 1999 /in Winter/in the morning (2)介词at表示某一时间点如：钟点、年龄、中午/夜晚/子夜、就餐时间或其它的习惯用法。 e.g.at 2:30/at the age of 25/at midday/At dinner time (3)介词on表示某一天或者特定的时间如：星期、某月某日、某年某月某日、含Day的节日、有修饰上午/下午/晚上以及一些习惯用

11、法。2.地点介词in /on /at In 表示地点、场所、位置等在里面；在内部；在上：例句: in the room on 在表面上，在之上：例句: a glass on the desk at 表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间在(某地)，在里；在上； 在旁，接近，靠近(某处)：例句: at home 在家 at the office 在办公室 over 在的正上方,垂直上方，不接触表面 above 在上方，不强调是否垂直练习：1.Look! There is a bridge _the river. A. on B. over C. above2.Can you see the eg

12、g _ the plate? A. on B. at C. over3.We live _ a small bookstore. A. on B. over C. above5.The sun rose _the horizon(地平线). A. on B. above C. over 注意: on 接触平面 over 在平面的正上方 above 在上方 under 在正下方(是on, over的反义词) below 在下方,不强调垂直，是above的反义词6. The temperature will fall_ zero at night. A. below B. above C. ove

13、r7.They were playing chess _ the tree. A. on B. above C. Under 注意：in front of 是在物体外部的前面 in the front of 是在物体内部的前面 e.g. There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前有个花园。 There is a desk in the front of the classroom. 教室前有张桌子。3.运动介词through 从内部穿过 across 横穿 up 向上 down 向下over 越过 round 环绕 ,在周围 4. 方位介词

14、 in/on/to.如果前者在后者的范围之内，则用in e.g. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海在中国范围之内，所以用in. 如果前者不在后者范围之内，但是两者相邻/接壤，则用on e.g. Jiangxi lies on the east of Hunan. 江西并不在湖南范围之内，但是两省相邻，所以用on. 如果前者不在后者范围之内，而且也不相邻，则用to e.g. Jiangxi lies to the west of Shanghai. 江西不在上海范围之内，而且两地也不相邻，所以用to练习：1.China lies _the east o

15、f Asia and _the north of Australia. A. in, on B. in ,to C. to, in2.Mongolia is _the north of China. A. in B. on C. To一、 单项选择题 1After _supper, he stayed at _ home and played _ violin(小提琴).Athe, /, theB/, /, the C/, the, /Da, the, the2Today is _Sunday. It is _ first day of _week.A/, a, the B/, the, a

16、Cthe, a, / Da, /, the3The boys and girls often play _volleyball in _ afternoon.A/, an Bthe, an C/, the Da, the4_Changjiang River is _ longest in _ China, and one of _ longest rivers in _ world.AThe, the, /, /, the B/, the, /, the, / CThe, the, /, the, the D/, a, /, the, the5There is _orange tree beh

17、ind _ house.Aan, theBa, a Cthe, the Dan, /6_Summer Palace is one of _ most beautiful parks in the world.AThe, / B/, the CThe, a DThe, the7I only stayed there for _, and then went to London.Aa hour and a half Ba hour and half Can hour and a half Dan hour and an half8_Greens go to England once _ year.

18、AThe, a BThe, the CThe, / D/, a9Dont give up, you may try for _third time.AaBthe Can D/10The boy is _American. He comes from _ United States of _America.Aan, an, anBan, the, an C/, a, / Dan, the, /11_Greens are going to the park this Saturday.Why dont we go for _ walk?A/, a BA, a CThe, a DAn, /12We

19、usually have a trip in _spring. But in _spring of 2002, we didnt.Athe, the B/, / C/, theDThe, /13_sun cant be seen at _ night.AA, a BA, / Cthe, aDThe, /14A friend of mine was in _ hospital. We went to _ hospital to see him.A/, /Bthe, the C/, the D/, a15Theres _“u”and _“s”in the word“US”.Aa, a Ba, an

20、 Can, an Dan, a16He is in _. We must help him.Athe dangerBdanger CtroublesDthe troubles17_elephant is much stronger than _ horse.AThe, theBA, an CAn, a DAn, /18You should learn English _step by _ step.A/, / Bthe, the Ca, a D/, the19Wheres _ nearest post office? Its over there, just around the corner

21、.Aa BanCthe D.20They had _ wonderful train ride to Chengdu before they went on to _ Mount Emei by bus.Aa, the B/, the Ca, /Dthe, a21. There is _ old woman in the car. A. / B. the C. a D. an 22. Shanghai is in _ east of China. A. / B. an C. the D. a 23. Bill is _ English teacher. He likes playing _ football. A. a, the B. an, the C. an, / D. /, / 24. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _ hour to go there by _ bus. A. an, / B. an, a C. a, / D. /, / 25. The story is _ interesting. That means it is _ interesting story. A. an, the B. the, a. C. /, an D. /, a 专心-专注-专业