初中英语语法—动词的语态讲解(共6页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初中英语语法动词的语态讲解 动词的语态知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：Many people speak English . (主动语态)English is spoken by many people. (被动语态)1、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be +及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式

2、及疑问式列表如下：肯 定 句： 主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by） eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).否 定 句：主语+ be not +过去分词 +（by） eg. I am not invited to the party (by him).一般疑问句：Be + 主语+过去分词+ （by）？ eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself?特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语 +过去分词+ （by）？ eg. What is this sweater made of?现以动词give为例，其

3、被动语态的各种时态如下： 式 时一 般进 行完 成现在Am / is /are + givenAm/is/are +being + givenHave / has +been +given过去Was / were + givenWas / were + being + givenHad +been + given将来Shall/ will + givenShall / will +be + givenShould /would + be + given 含情态词的Can / may /must +be +given3、被动语态的用法： 1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作

4、的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 例如： This jacket is made of cotton. English is spoken in many countries in the world.2）强调动作的承受者时。如：The boy was saved at last.这个男孩最后得救了。3）主动语态变被动语态的步骤:主动句: The boy broke the window yesterday.被动句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday.步骤一：原句中的宾语the window变成主语。步骤二：谓语动词br

5、oke改为被动形式：was broken步骤三：原句中的主语The boy放在介词by的后面。步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。5) 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态：A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。1. He gave me the book just now. The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now.2. They show the guard their p

6、assports at the entrance to the building. The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building.= The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building.B. 通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有: bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。1. He wrote her a letter. A letter wa

7、s written to her.My mother made me a skirt.A skirt was made (for me) by my mother.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一、选择填空1.The question _by us soon. A.is going to discussB.will discussC.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed2.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he_.A.must look after B.must be t

8、aken careC.must be looked after D.must take care of3. All the new words _up in the dictionary yet.A.have looked B.havent lookedC.have been lookedD.havent been looked4.There was no room for you. All the seats _.A.are taken B.was taken C.had taken D.had been taken5. A model ship _his son by Mr More.A.

9、was made for B.was made to C.made for D.makes for6.-Dad, please open the door, it _.-OK, dear. I am coming.A.was locked B.locks C.is locked D.locked7. This kind of sweater_very soft.A.is felt B.feels C.feel D.is feeling8.-Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afterno

10、on?-Yes. Every student_about it.A.told B.has told C.was told D.tells9.The cake _delicious.A.smell B.is smelled C.is smelling D.smells10.My father has given up smoking since he _on.A.will operate B.will be operated C.operated D.was operated11.A new school _ these days.A. is building B. is builtC. wel

11、l build D. is being built12. The cake _delicious. A. smell B. is smelled C. is smelling D. smells13.I_there would be a football match on Channel 8 tomato A. will tell B. have told C. was told D. will be told14.The librarian told me that the book_for two weeks. A. can be borrowed B. can be kept C. co

12、uld be borrowed D. could be kept15.When_this kind of computer _?is; used B. was; used C. did; use D. are; used16.The new computers_to the village school as present last month.are given B. given C. were given D. gave17.I really dont know_about it.A.what to do B.how to do C. to do what D. how can I do

13、18.Your shoes_. Youd better come to get them in half an hour.are mending B. have mended C. are being mended D. have been mended19.Though he had often made his little sister_,today he was made_by her.A.cry; to cry B.crying; crying C. cry; cry D.to cry; cry20.When_the accident_?A.was; happened B.has;

14、happened C.was happebeing D.did; happenKey: 1-5 CCDDA 6-10 CBCDD 11-15 BDCDB 16-20 CACAD二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。Some ideas _(give) to college students by him yesterday.-Do you like the music Moonlight?-Yes, it _really beautiful!(sound)He wont come to the party unless Sue _.(invite)The chair needs_.(repair)Qu

15、ick is another way of _fast.(say)This kind of bike _in that factory, but you cant buy it now.(make)Cotton _in the country.(plant)Man-made satellites _by Chinese people.(send)This kinds of shoes _out by now.(sell)The room must _ clean every day.(keep)Key: 1.were given2.sounds 3.is invited 4.repairing/ to be repaired 5.saying 6.is made 7.is planted8.have been sent 9.have been sold 10.be kept专心-专注-专业