初中英语语法---介词专题(共12页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专题复习-介词（一）介词的含义： 介词是一种虚词，是英语中最活跃的词类之一，主要用来表示时间、地点、目的、原因、程度和方式等。在句子中不能单独作任何成分。（二）介词的分类1. 简单介词。例如：in, from, about, at, over, on, under, past2. 复合介词。例如：without, onto, outside, within, into; inside3. 短语介词。例如：because of, in front of, instead of（三）常见介词的用法1. 表示时间的介词的用法：1）表示“在何时”常用介词at, in, on。

2、（1）at 一般用来表示在某一具体的时间点。例如：at seven 在七点钟at the age of 在岁时at the beginning of 在的开始（2）in 表示年、季节、月、周、上午、下午、晚上等。 in 2012 在2012年 in summer 在夏天 in October 在10月 in a week/ in two weeks 在一周之内，在两周之内 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/ 下午/ 晚上（3）用来表示具体的某一天，如果专指某一天的上午、下午、晚上，要用on 例如：on Sunday 在星期日on Sunday morni

3、ng 在星期日的早上on the morning of June 1st 在6月1日的早上on a cold winter night 在一个寒冷的冬夜状元典例1( )1.The earthquake which happened in Yushu _ 14th April, 2010 was a big disaster.A. atB. onC. inD. to( )2.The car accident happened _ a cold winter morning. Luckily, no one was hurt.A. in B. on C. at D. of( )3.The famo

4、us writer William Shakespeare was born _1564.A. in B. on C. at D. of2）表示“在期间”，常用介词during, fromto。（1）during “在期间”。例如：during the summer holiday 在暑假期间during the night 在夜间（2）from to表示“从到”例如：from Monday to Friday 从周一到周五from 7 oclock to 9 oclock 从7点到9点3）其他表示时间的介词，例如：before, after, since, for, until, by, p

5、ast, to。（1）before & after词义用法before在之前before +时间点after在之后 after +时间点She often reads newspapers after breakfast. 她经常早饭之后看报纸。Ill be free before 7 oclock tomorrow. 我明天7点前会有空。（2）since & for 词义用法since自从since+点时间/动作初始的句子用于现在完成时for达，计for + 段时间通常用于现在完成时I have learned English since 2002.我自2002年以来就学习英语了。We ha

6、ve known each other since I was a little boy.They have lived here for ten years. (3)until (till)“直到”，常用notuntil“直到才”，until后接点时间。He will wait for me until 11 oclock.They didnt stop until midnight.（4）by “到前；截止到”，常用于完成时。He has finished his homework by 5 oclock yesterday afternoon.We had learned eight h

7、undred words by the end of last week.状元典例Its said he stayed there quietly _ two oclock that afternoon.A. on B. at C. until D. by（5）past & topast表示超过某一时刻to表示几点差几分例如：ten past two 2:10ten to two 1:50注意：在this, that, last, next, every等词前不加介词。例如：last night 昨天晚上this morning 今天早上2. 表示地点，方位的介词的用法1）in & at “在

8、”inin +大地点atat+小地点例如：in Shanghai 在上海in the south 在南方at the gate 在大门口at the end of the road 在路的尽头2）on, over & above “在上”on“在上面”与物体表面有接触over“在正上方”垂直于正上方，表示“跨越，覆盖”above“在上方”在某物上方，位置高于某物There is a bag on the desk. 床上有一个书包。The lamp is over the table. 灯在桌子的正上方。The heaven is above us.苍天在上。3) under & below

9、“在下方”under“在下方”表示正下方below“在下面” “低于”与above意思相反There is a ball under the bed.床下有一个球。The temperature will stay above zero in the day-time, but at night it will fall below zero again.白天的气温在零度以上，但是到了晚上气温会降到零度以下。4) before, in front of & in the front of “在前”词义用法图示before在前面（1）当指空间位置时，与in front of的含义相同。（2）多与

10、抽象概念连用；表示顺序在前。无Infront of在前面指一个物体在另一个物体的前方。A is in front of B.in the front of在前部指一个物体包含在另一个物体的内部的前方。A is in the front of B.She stood before her teacher, not knowing what to say.There is a big tree in front of the classroom.There is a desk in the front of the classroom.教室的前部有一张桌子。（桌子包含在教室里）状元典例Why ar

11、e you standing there, Maggie?I cant see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting _ me.A. behind B. in front of C. beside D. next to5)between, among & in the middle of 词义用法between“在之间”常指“两者之间”。among“在中间”指“三者或三者以上”的同类事物之间。in the middle of“在中间”强调在一处地方的中心或中心附近的位置I sit between my father and moth

12、er. 我坐在爸爸和妈妈之间。I couldnt find him among the crowd. 我在人群中找不到他。There is a big sofa in the middle of the house. 在房子的中间有一张大沙发。7) near, by, beside & aroundnear“在附近”（有一定的距离）by“在旁”（相对距离较近）beside“在旁边”around“在周围”The children are playing near the river.孩子们正在河边玩耍。（暗指孩子们与河有一定的距离）He is fishing by the river.他正在河边

13、钓鱼。（强调他与河距离很近）He sat in the chair beside the door.他坐在门边的一张椅子上。The children gathered around the teacher.孩子们围在老师的身边。8) outside & insideoutside“在外面”inside“在里面”He is waiting for me outside the room.There is something inside the box.3. 表示方位的介词的用法1) in, on & to Beijing lies in the north of China.北京位于中国的北部

14、。（北京包含在中国之内）Russia is on the north of China.俄罗斯在中国的北面。（俄罗斯不包含在中国之内，但与中国接壤）Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。（日本不包含在中国之内）状元典例11.People _ the southwest of China were in great need of water a couple of months ago. A. in B. at C. to D. on2.The school gate is _ the north of the classroom building.A.

15、 in B. to C. on D. at2) across, over ,through & past “穿过”词义用法across“穿过”强调从物体表面的这一边到另一边through“穿过，通过”强调从物体内部穿过；从长形物体的一头到另一头over“越过”强调从人或事物的上空经过，过past“经过”指从某物旁边经过If you see the green light, you can walk across the street.如果你看见绿灯亮了，你可以穿过街道。The train ran through the tunnel. 火车穿过隧道。I can jump over the fe

16、nce. 我能跳过那座围墙。We walked past the hospital. 我们从医院旁边经过。状元典例Its dangerous to run _the busy road. Aacross B. along C. through D. past3) out of & into out of表示“从里到外，从出来”，有动感。into表示“从外到里，进入”，有动感。The students walked out of the classroom when the class was over.She poured some water into the glass.4. 表示“方式，

17、方法，手段”的介词的用法。词义用法in“用”表示用某种方式、材料、途径、语言、衣着。with“带着，伴随”后接具体的工具、手段、材料或其他行为的方式。by“用，乘坐”表示用某种方式、手段、途径等；表示乘坐某种交通工具，二者间不加冠词。I go to school by bike. 我骑车上学。He likes writing letters in English. 他喜欢用英语写信。He likes writing with a pen.=He likes writing in ink. 他喜欢用钢笔写东西。The girl in red is my best friend. 穿红色衣服的那个

18、女孩是我最好的朋友。状元典例1( )1.Would you like some coffee? Yes, and please get me some milk. I prefer coffee _ milk.A. with B. to C. ofD. on( )2.We shouldnt go to school _ breakfast. Its bad for our health.A. with B. after C. without D. by( )3.Lin Lin often practices English _chatting with her American friend.

19、A. in B. by C. for D. with二、难点聚焦 1. 表示“关于”的介词。词义用法on “关于”侧重论述，多用于较重大的、涉及较深广的诸如国际形势、政治、理论、学术报告、专著等方面的问题。about“关于”侧重于叙事，多用于个人事迹、故事内容、一般的书籍、文章等较浅显的问题。He bought a book on the radio.。He told some stories about this city. 2. 表示“数量”的介词。about“大约”over“超过，在以上”,相当于“more than”around“大约”My grandmother is about 7

20、0 years old.我的奶奶约70岁。My grandmother is over 70 years old.我的奶奶70多岁了。Its around 3 oclock.现在大约3点。3. 表示“除了以外”的介词。词义词用except“除以外”、 “除去”表示同类事物之间的关系。except for“除了以外”， “如果不是”，“若非”表示对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定。它不表示同类事物之间的关系。besides“除了以外（还有）”，所指事物包括在叙述范围之内。but“除了之外”多与nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all

21、, who 等连用。We all went swimming except Ann.除了安之外，我们都去游泳了。（安没去）Besides Ann, we all went swimming.Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.No one but Peter went there.除了彼得没有一个人去那里。4. 表示“代替”的介词。词义词性用法instead“代替”副词放在句首或句尾。instead of“代替”介词短语后接名词、动名词或宾格。Tom didnt answer his father. Instea

22、d, he asked his father.汤姆没有回答他父亲，反而问他的父亲。He will go instead of you.他将代替你去。三、状元笔记1. in 后接过去的时间点表过去，若后接一段时间，则表示“在时间之后”I was born in 1983.我出生于1983年。My father will come back in three days.我爸爸将在3天后回来。状元典例The plane will take off _ three hours. I must get to the airport right now.A. in B. for C. on D. at2.

23、 表示“标准或单位”的介词：at, for, by(1)at表示“以的速度”“以的价格”He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小时80英里的速度行驶。I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。（2）for用交换I bought it for 20 dollars.How much for these apples?They paid him by the month他们按月给他计酬3. 表示“材料”的介词：of, from(1) of表示从成品仍可看出原料。This box is made of pape

24、r.这个盒子是纸做的。This salad is made of apples and strawberries. 这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。(2) from表示从成品已看不出原料。Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麦做的。The lifeboat is made from some special material. 这艘救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。4. 介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类构成固定搭配。记住这种固定搭配，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for, wait for, hear

25、 from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon等。状语典例Remember to spend some time _your loved ones, because theyre not going to be around forever.A. fromB. withC. inD. on（2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the

26、end of, in the end等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。状元典例1( ) 1.I think drinking milk every morning is good _ our health.Yes. I agree _ you.A. to; to B. with; to C. at; with D. for; with( ) 2.Mr. Yangs daughter is pretty go

27、od _ drawing pictures and won many prizes.A. with B. for C. in D. at（4）介词在句型里的固定用法状元典例1( )1.Now its quite important _ us to make full use of time.A. for B. to C. of D. with( )2.Its nice _ you to get the ticket _ F1. Its said the car-race is very exciting.A. of, forB. for, forC. of, ofD. for, of课堂练习一

28、：( )1. When did the Olympic Torch Relay start in Fujian?_ May 11th, 2008.A. In B. At C. On D. From( )2. I go to school _ 8 oclock in the morning.A. at B. in C. on D. for( )3. Betty arrived in London _ the morning of May 25th.A. on B. at C. in D. for( )4. The fastest way to travel to Shanghai is _air

29、.A. in B. by C. on D. with( )5. When will the party be held?_ two weeks time, _ 15th July.A. In; on B. In; in C. On; on D. At; on( )6. Lets play table tennis _Tuesday morning, shall we?A. on B. in C. to D. at( )7. What time do you usually get up on weekends?_ around eight.A. At B. On C. In D. For( )

30、8. If you get on well _your classmates, youll enjoy your school life more.A. to B. at C. with D. in( )9. Liu Xiang came third _ the 110-meter-hurdle race last month in Shanghai.A. in B. from C. across D. through ( )10. Li Yan is my best friend. She comes _ a small village. A. onB. withC. ofD. from 课

31、堂练习二：一、单选 ( )1. Mr. Smith came to China _ 1986. He has lived here for more than 20 years. A. on B. in C. at D. for ( )2. When do you usually go to the tennis club? _ Sundays. A. To B. At C. In D. On( )3. When did Mr White leave for England? _ July 21st, 1990.A. On B. In C. At D. For( )4. Tom is a go

32、od student. He often gets to school early _the morning. A. in B. on C. at D. of( )5. How long have you studied here?_ two years. Im used to the life here.A. For B. Since C. In D. By( )6. The kids are going to have a party _Childrens Day.A. in B. on C. at D. of( )7. When did you leave home this morni

33、ng?_ half past seven.A. At B. OnC. InD. To( )8. Where is Shanghai?It is _ the east of China.A. inB. to C. on D. at( )9. How did you go to the park yesterday?_ bike.A. By B. At C. Of D. In( )10. Whats that _ English, do you know? Football.A. in B. on C. at D. to( )11. My uncle is coming to Beijing _t

34、he morning of May 15. A. inB. onC. atD. to( )12. I usually do some cleaning _ Sunday morning.A. inB. atC. onD. to( )13. We had a wonderful party _the park last night.A. to B. in C. of D. on( )14. Shanghai will host the World Expo_ May.A. inB. on C. to D. at( )15. Where is the library? Its _ the 2nd

35、floor.A. atB. for C. on D. in ( )16. Its bad manners to laugh _ others when they are in trouble.A. at B. on C. in D. to( )17. When it rains, I go to school _ bus instead of on foot.A. on B. C. by D. at ( )18. Fathers Day will come _ June 20th this year.A. onB. at C. inD. to( )19. Linda is my classma

36、te. She came to Beijing with her parents _ 1990.A. in B. at C. on D. for( )20.I usually get up _eight oclock on weekends.A. at B. on C. in D. to 二、填空1. Its very important _ us to make a plan before a new term. Yes. You must try to make it carefully. 2. When did the Shanghai Expo open? _May 1st, 2010

37、.3. There is a picture _ my family on the wall. 4. He sent the news to me _e-mail.5. He stopped the ball _his right foot.6. We got to the top of the mountain_ day break.7. We visited the old man _Sunday afternoon.8. He went to New York to find a job _sixteen.9. _the end of next week. I will have fin

38、ished this work.10. There is a colour TV set _the corner of the hall.课后作业：单项填空：从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（ ）1. My hometown is Nanjing and it is city with many places of interest.A. a B. an C. the D. /（ ）2. I forgot to bring a pen. Would you please lend me ?OK. Here you are. A. it B. that C. one D

39、. this（ ）3. The earthquake which happened in Japan 11th of March 2011 was a big disaster. Yeah, I agree. A. at B. on C. in D. to（ ）4. do you go to see your grandparents?Once a month. A. How long B. How soon C. How many D. How often （ ）5. Would you like to go to the concert with me? Id love to, _ Im

40、afraid I have no time.A. so B. or C. and D. but（ ）6. Alice _ watches the TV news, so she knows little about the world.A. seldom B. usually C. sometimes D. always（ ）7. It took my father over ten hours to fly to London.Wow, way it is! A. what long B.how long C. what a long D. how a long（ ）8. Have you decided where to spend your summer holiday?Not yet. We go to Qingdao.A. must B. may C. would D. should （ ）9. Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV?Sometimes. Its an interesting program, but I Sports News. A. prefer B. accept C. di