初中语法宾语从句精讲精练(共21页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上宾语从句概述 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。that引导词 if, whether特殊疑问词语序 一般语序语序不变主句为一般现在时时态 主句为一般过去时从句为客观真理主句为Could / Would / Will you 宾语从句在句中可作及物动词的宾语、介词的宾语或形容词的宾语。I know that he has returned. (动词的宾语)I am surprised that you didnt hear about it before. (形容词的宾语)I am curious that what he will say. (介词的宾语)一、 宾语从句的引

2、导词1. 宾语从句为陈述句时，引导词通常用that，无实在意义，一般情况下可省略。e.g. I dont know (that) he is leaving for the US.以下情况that 不可省略：1） and 连接两个或多个宾从，第二个以及后面的宾从中that不可省略。e.g. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.2) that 引导的宾从做except，in, but, besides 等少数介词的宾语时，that 不可省略。e.g. I know nothing about him exce

3、pt that he is from the south.3) that 从句位于句首时，that 不可省略。e.g. That he ever said such a thing I didnt believe.4) 主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that 不可省略。e.g. He told me, believe it or not, that he would buy a car.5) that 引导的宾语从句中又含有从句时，that 一般不可省略。e.g. I think that if you study hard, you will pass the test.2. 从句

4、为一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether，意为 “是否”。一般情况下if 和whether 可互换.但以下几种情况只能用whether，1） 当从句中有or / or not时，只能用whether。2） 引导词后为动词不定式时，只能用whether。3） 从句作介词的宾语时，只能用whether。e.g. Sorry, I dont know whether to hold the autumn sports meet next week.I want to know whether we are going to hold the sports meet or not.I haven

5、t settled the question of whether Ill go back home.真题1. We dont know_ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li.【11重庆】A. what to do B. to do what C. whether to do D. to do whether2. Well plant trees tomorrow, and I dont know_ Tom will come and join us. 【11天津】A. whether B. which C. what D. where3. Is Tom still

6、 in New York or already back at home? 【12十堰】 Im not sure _. Ill call to make sure. A. how he will be backB. that he has come backC. why he has come backD. if he has been back4. What about going to the South Lake for a picnic next weekend? OK. But Im not sure_ it will rain. 【12绵阳】A. why B. where C. w

7、hen D. whether5. Do you know _ Zunyi or not tomorrow? 【12黔西南】A. whether are they leaving for B. whether they are leaving forC. if they are leaving for D. if are they leaving for【答案】1-5 CABDB【解析】1. B和C选项的形式不对，因为句子中有it故A选项是错误的，只能用whether to do。2. 从句为一般疑问句时，引导词用whether/if。3. 从句为一般疑问句时，引导词用whether/if。4.

8、 从句为一般疑问句时，引导词用whether/if。5. 从句中有or not时，只能用whether，且从句语序要用陈述语序。3. 从句为特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词，经常有 who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whoever, whatever, wherever, whenever. e.g. I want to know why you dont like studying.I want to know what you like to do.I dont care wherever you will go.真

9、题1. Could you tell me_ he came here? He drove here himself. 【12.安徽】A. howB. why C. whenD. whether2. I cant remember_ I put the book, and I need it for my homework now. 【11广州】A. where B. how C. what D. why3.Do you know_ Emma is? I met her on the playground just now.【11丽水】 Awhat Bhow Cwhere Dwho 4. Do

10、 you know _the girl in white is? Im not sure. Maybe she is a doctor.【11绥化】A. how B. where C. what D. who 5. Could you tell me _? Hes a bank clerk. 【11成都】A. who your father is B. what your father does C. where your father works6. Do you know_fom Yiyang to Changsha?【11益阳】A. how far it is B. how far is

11、 it C. how long is it7. I wonder_like to be an astronaut(宇航员). I dont know, but I imagine its exciting.【11沈阳】A. what is it B. what it is C. whether is it D. whether it is.【答案】1-5 AACCB 6-7 AB【解析】1. 由答语判断，提问方式，引导词用特殊疑问词how。2. 由答语判断，引导词用特殊疑问词where。3. 由答语判断，提问地点，引导词用特殊疑问词where。4. 由答语判断，提问职业，引导词用特殊疑问词wh

12、at。5. 由答语判断，提问职业，引导词用特殊疑问词what。6. 由答语判断，提问距离，引导词用特殊疑问词how far, 宾语从句中语序为陈述语序。7. 由答语判断，引导词用特殊疑问词what，宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。二、 宾语从句的语序1. 宾语从句的语序一般为陈述语序，即主语 + 谓语 + e.g. Do you know when we are going to hold the Christmas party?Could you tell me what you are going to be when you grow up?真题1. I hear well have a ne

13、w foreign teacher soon. Do you know when _? Sorry, I have no idea.【09朝阳】A. he will come B. will he come C. is he coming D. he was coming 2. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _? 【09广州】A. where is the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where 3.

14、 Do you know _tomorrow? Sorry, I dont know. You may surf the internet.【11湘潭】A. whether will it rain B. if it will rain C. whether does it rain4. Do you know _? Yes. She is doing her homework.【11广西】A. what is your sister doing B. what your sister is doingC. when your sister is doing homework D. where

15、 is your sister doing homework5. Could you tell me _ the party? Next Friday.【11柳州】A. where we are going to haveB. when we are going to haveC. when we were going to have【答案】1-5 ACBBB 【解析】1. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。根据语境判断，时态应选用一般将来时。2. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。3. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。4. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。由答语判断，连接词应用what引导。5. 宾语从句的语序

16、要用陈述语序, 由答语可知需用when提问。2. 从句为疑问句，但语序保持不变的有：1）whats wrong / the matter (with sb.)e.g. Do you know whats the matter with Mr. Zi?The teacher asked me what was wrong with Jenny.真题Can you tell me_?I lost my MP3 player.【11铜仁】A. Whats the matter with you B. what the matter is with you C. what the matter you

17、 is D. what the matter with you are.【答案】A【解析】宾语从句为whats wrong / the matter (with sb.)类的疑问句，故语序不变。 2）what happened (to sb.) / what has happenede.g. The teacher asked me what happened to Jenny.Do you know what happened on the street?3）which is the way to e.g. Could you tell me which is the way to the

18、Nanhu Park?Sorry, I dont know which is the way to the Nanhu Park.4) Whos on duty?/ What is in the box?e.g. The teacher asked who was on duty. My mother wondered what was in the box.3. 当主句是一般现在时，主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think， consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等表达个人观点的动词时，如果宾从中含有not 时，需要把not 提到主句

19、谓语上，即主句动词变为否定。e.g. I dont think he can do it better than I.注意：当谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定不能前移。e.g. I hope he wont suffer so much.三、宾语从句的时态1. 若主句的时态是一般现在时，则宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。e.g. I dont believe you wont learn English well.Harry Potter knows what has happened to Hogwarts.真题1. I dont know_ the charity show tomo

20、rrow. Can you tell me?【09宿迁】 A. when we start B. when did we start C. when we will start D. when will we start2. I dont remember_the book yesterday.【13北京】A. where I put B. where did I putC. where will I put D. where l will put3. Do you know _ this afternoon? Im not sure, but Ill tell you as soon as

21、she _.【13 江苏连云港】A. how will Betty arrive; startsB. how Betty will arrive; will startC. what time will Betty arrive; will startD. what time Betty will arrive; starts4. I want to know.Sorry. Ive no idea. But she was here just now.【13广东湛江】A. where is Ann B. where Ann is C. where was Ann D. where Ann wa

22、s5. Hi, Bruce. Here is a letter for you. Thanks. I wonder_.【13山东滨州】A. who the letter was from B. who was from the letter C. who was the letter from D. who from the letter was 【答案】1-5 CADBA【解析】1. 主句为一般现在时，从句中有时间状语tomorrow，所以用一般将来时。2. 主句为一般现在时，从句中有时间状语yesterday，所以用一般过去时。3. 第一问题目问下午什么时候到，为一般将来时，因为主句为一般

23、现在时故从句仍用一般将来时；第二问是主将从现。4. 根据题意是问Ann现在在哪儿因此从句要用一般现在时。5. 根据题意信从哪儿来是发生在过去，主句为一般现在时因此从句仍然要用一般过去时并且语序为陈述语序。2. 若主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句则必须以过去时为基点进行时态呼应，从句时态需要倒推主句从句一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变过去进行时不变e.g. Miss Ben told us that we would finish the work on Monday.Miss Li said that she h

24、ad been to many places of interest.真题1. Miss Green didnt tell us_ in 2002, but now she lives in our school.【09阜康】A. where does she live B. where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived2. Sorry, what did you say just now? I asked _.【09德州】A. when did he leave B. where you have beenC. whom w

25、ill you go with D. how I could get to the station3. The policewoman asked the little boy _.【12湖北】A. where did he liveB. where he livedC. where he livesD. where does he lives4. The woman asked the policeman where_.【13山东潍坊】A. the post office isB. was the post officeC. is he post officeD. the post offi

26、ce was5. Tom asked whether_after he finished his project.【13黑龙江齐齐哈尔】 A. can he go to the cinemaB. he can go to the cinemaC. he could go to the cinema【答案】1-5 DDBDC【解析】1. 主句中动词didnt为一般过去时，从句时态需与其相呼应。2. 主句中动词asked为一般过去时，从句时态需与其相呼应。3. 主句中动词asked为一般过去时，从句时态需与其相呼应。4. 主句为一般过去时，从句需要与其相呼应。5. 主句为一般过去时，从句需要与其相

27、呼应。3. 特殊情况下，可以不用倒推：1）主句为Could / Would / Will you ? 等表客气请求的语句，则从句的时态保持不变。e.g. Could you tell me what grade you can get in next test?Would you please tell me what you are going to order?真题1. Could you tell me _? Yes, it will start at ten.【09湛江】 A. when will the meeting begin B. when the meeting will b

28、egin C. where the meeting begins D. where does the meeting begin 2. Could you tell me_? Certainly. In half an hour.【12广东】A. when will the high speed train arrive B. when the high speed train will arrive C. when would the high speed train arrive D. when the high speed train would arrive3. Could you p

29、lease tell me _ a great actress? 【13四川内江】 A. how Zhao Wei has become B. haw did Zhao Wei becomeC. how became Zhao Wei D. how does Zhao Wei became4. Could you tell me _?【13山东青岛】At the end of July.A. how often he heard from his pen pal B. how soon he will be hereC. that he went on vacationD. when you

30、will start your vacation5. Could you tell me _? Im going to pick you up at the airport. At 15:45 this Friday.【13浙江宁波】A. where you met me B. who you are coming withC. when you came here D. what time you are arriving【答案】1-5 BBADD【解析】1. could表委婉语气，不是can的过去式，因此从句仍然用原来时态。2. 主句中could表委婉语气，根据答语“in half an

31、hour”可知从句应用一般将来时。3. 主句中could表委婉语气，赵薇从过去到现在一直是优秀的演员因此从句要用现在完成时。4.根据题意是对时间的提问，因此用when提问并用表示将来的时间。5.主句中could表委婉语气，根据答语从句要用一般将来时。2）当主句谓语为过去时，但是从句为客观事实或真理时，从句时态不用倒推。e.g. Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.真题1. He said that

32、light _ much faster than sound.【11江苏】 A. has traveled B. went C. travels D. traveled2. Our physics teacher told old us light_faster than sound.【13贵州黔东南】 A. travels B.traveledC.traveling D. to travel3. The teacher asked the students_.【13黑龙江绥化】A. why the earth went around the sunB. why does the earth

33、go around the sunC. why the earth goes around the sun【答案】1-3 CAC【解析】1. 宾语从句中，从句为客观真理时，从句时态始终用一般现在时。2. 宾语从句中，从句为客观真理时，从句时态始终用一般现在时。3. 宾语从句中，从句为客观真理时，从句时态始终用一般现在时。3）当主句为过去时, 如果从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去时。e.g. She said she came to work here in 1998. The teacher told us that the war broke out in

34、the winter of 1945.第一组1. Could you please tell me_?Theyre over there. 【12梅州】A. where are the restrooms B. where were the restrooms C. where the restrooms are D. where the restrooms were2. Could you tell me_? Certainly. In half an hour. 【12广东】A. when will the high speed train arrive B. when the high

35、speed train will arrive C. when would the high speed train arrive D. when the high speed train would arrive 3. Can you tell me _ this morning? Sorry, Ive no idea.【12 桂林】A. why didnt Daming come to schoolB. why Daming didnt come to schoolC. why doesnt Daming come to schoolD. why Daming doesnt come to

36、 school4. Show me the map, please. I wonder _. Look, its here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province.【12福州】A. where is Diaoyu Island B. where Diaoyu Island is C. what is Diaoyu Island like5. Can you tell me _ the prize, Tom? Last year. 【12北京】A. when you got B. when did you get C. when will you

37、getD. when you will get6. The math problem is so hard. I really dont know_.【12鸡西】A. how to do it B. how to doC. what to do it7. Excuse me, could you tell me _ to get the post office? Certainly. The No. 15 bus. 【12玉林】A. which bus I should take B. I should take which bus C. should I take which bus D.

38、which bus should I take 8. Hi, Lucy. Heres a letter for you. Thanks. I want to know_ . A. who that letter was from B. who was from that letterC. who was that letter from D. who from that letter was9. I dont know _.【12怀化】A. when the train will leave B. when will the train leave C. the train will leav

39、e when10. We havent discussed yet _.【12苏州】A. where we are going to put our new tableB. where are we going to put our new tableC. what we are going to put our new tableD. what are we going to put our new table11. Hello, Jack. Havent, seen you for long. I am calling to check _ you are. Very well. Im g

40、lad you called. 【12丽水】A. how B. what C .where D. who 12. Show me the photo please. I wonder_. Look, its my sister.A. who she is B. what she is C. who is she13. Have you ever seen the movie 2012? Yes, but I dont believe_ the year 12 will see the end of the world.【12菏泽】A. that B. what C. how D. if 14.

41、 Could you tell me_? Of course.【12杭州】A. wheres there a good place to eat B. where theres a good place to eatC. where is a good place to eat D. where a good place to eat15. I wonder _ . 【12六盘水】A. where does he live B. how old he is C. what is he doing? D. how soon will he come hack16. Could you pleas

42、e show me _.【12凉山】 Sure, no problem.A. how I can use the computerB. how can I use the computerC. what I can use the computer17. Could you tell me ?By searching the Internet.【12重庆】A. how you got the information B. why you got the informationC. how did you get the information D. why did you get the in

43、formation18. Can you tell me _? 【12自贡】 By doing more exercises and speaking.A. how I can improve my English B. how do I deal with my EnglishC. whats wrong with my English19. I want to write to my aunt, but I dont know_.【12雅安】A. What her e-mail address wasB. What was her e-mail addressC. What her e-mail address isD. What is her e-mail address