新核心综合学术英语教程第二册Unit6课件.ppt

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1、In this unit, you will learn about the concepts “academic integrity” and “academic dishonesty”; research “Dr. Hwang Woo Suk” on the Internet and find reliable information; learn words, expressions, and sentence patterns related to the theme and use them in writing and speech; learn strategies such a

2、s listening for emphasis (listening), guessing word meanings from lexical clues (reading), giving evidence for arguments (discussing), and achieving coherence (writing), etc; give an oral presentation on an assigned topic to the class.Background Information Approaching the TopicReading about the Top

3、icExploring the TopicIntegrated ExercisesBackground Informationabout Academic Integritythe Healthpartners Research FoundationHwang Woo Sukthe Committee on Publication EthicsScience Natureabout Academic Integrity Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, and knowledge without integrity is dang

4、erous and dreadful. Samuel Johnson The function of education, therefore, is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. But education which stops with efficiency may prove the greatest menace to society. The most dangerous criminal may be the man gifted with reason, but with no morals

5、 We must remember that intelligence is not enough. Intelligence plus characterthat is the goal of true education. Martin Luther King, Jr. Hwang Woo Suk is a South Korean veterinarian and researcher. He was a professor of theriogenology and biotechnology at Seoul National University (dismissed on Mar

6、ch 20, 2006) who became infamous for fabricating a series of experiments, which appeared in high-profile journals, in the field of stem cell research. Until November 2005, he was considered one of the pioneering experts in the field, best known for two articles published in the journal Science in 20

7、04 and 2005 where he reported to have succeeded in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning. He was called the Pride of Korea in South Korea. On May 12, 2006, Hwang was charged with embezzlement and bioethics law violations after it emerged much of his stem cell research had been faked. The Ko

8、rea Times reported on June 10, 2007, that Seoul National University fired him, and the South Korean government canceled his financial support and barred him from engaging in stem cell research.Hwang Woo Suk HealthPartners is an integrated, nonprofit health care provider located in Bloomington, Minne

9、sota offering care, coverage, research and education to its members, patients and the community. HealthPartners was founded in 1957 as Group Health, a consumer-governed nonprofit health plan with a board of directors made up of its own members and patients. In 1992, Group Health merged with MedCente

10、rs Health Plan, and together they formed HealthPartners. In late 2012 it was announced that HealthPartners would merge with Park Nicollet Health Services of St. Louis Park on January 1, 2013 following federal approvalthe Healthpartners Research Foundation Science, also widely referred to as Science

11、Magazine, is the academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and is one of the worlds top scientific journals. The peer-reviewed journal, first published in 1880, is circulated weekly and has a print subscriber base of around 130,000. Because institutional subs

12、criptions and online access serve a larger audience, its estimated readership is 570,400 people. The major focus of the journal is publishing important original scientific research and research reviews, but Science also publishes science-related news, opinions on science policy and other matters of

13、interest to scientists and others who are concerned with the wide implications of science and technology. Unlike most scientific journals, which focus on a specific field, Science and its rival Nature cover the full range of scientific disciplines. According to the Journal Citation Reports, Sciences

14、 2012 impact factor was 31.027.Science Nature is a prominent interdisciplinary scientific journal. It was first published on 4 November 1869. It was ranked the worlds most cited by the Science Edition of the 2010 Journal Citation Reports and is widely regarded as one of the few remaining academic jo

15、urnals that publish original research across a wide range of scientific fields. Nature claims a readership of about 424,000 total readers. The journal has a circulation of around 53,000 but studies have concluded that on average a single copy is shared by as many as 8 people. Nature Research scienti

16、sts are the primary audience for the journal, but summaries and accompanying articles are intended to make many of the most important papers understandable to scientists in other fields and the educated general public. Towards the front of each issue are editorials, news and feature articles on issu

17、es of general interest to scientists, including current affairs, science funding, business, scientific ethics and research breakthroughs. There are also sections on books and arts. The remainder of the journal consists mostly of research papers (articles or letters), which are often dense and highly

18、 technical. Because of strict limits on the length of papers, often the printed text is actually a summary of the work in question with many details relegated to accompanying supplementary material on the journals website.Nature The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) is a nonprofit organization

19、whose mission is to define best practice in the ethics of scholarly publishing and to assist editors, publishers, etc. to achieve this. COPE provides advice to editors and publishers on all aspects of publication ethics and, in particular, how to handle cases of research and publication misconduct.

20、It also provides a forum for its members to discuss individual cases (meeting four times a year virtually and at other meetings around the world). COPE does not investigate individual cases but encourages editors to ensure that cases are investigated by the appropriate authorities (usually a researc

21、h institution or employer). COPE also offers and eLearning course, funds research on publication ethics, publishes a monthly eNewsletter (COPE Digest: Publication Ethics in Practice) and organises annual seminars around the world.the Committee on Publication Ethics retract v. to pull (something) bac

22、k into something larger that usually covers it e.g. The pilot retracted the planes landing gear. n. retraction impact n. the act or force of one thing hitting another e.g. These warnings have been heard so often that they have lost their impact. resignation n. an act of giving up a job or position i

23、n a formal or official way e.g. The manager received resignations from three members of the staff. v. resignApproaching the TopicReading 1/Language PointsReading about the TopicExploring the TopicIntegrated Exercise detrimental adj. causing damage or injury e.g. There were serious concerns that the

24、factorys waste was detrimental to the local environment. taint v. to make (something) dangerous or dirty especially by adding something harmful or undesirable to it e.g. Criticism of her sisters singing that was tainted by envy. bottleneck n. a section of road or highway where the traffic moves very

25、 slowly e.g. Bridge construction has created a bottleneck on the southern part of Main Street.Reading 1Language PointsReading about the TopicExploring the TopicIntegrated Exercise fabricate v. to create or make up (something, such as a story) in order to trick people e.g. Their plan is to fabricate

26、the house out of synthetic materials. fraud n. the crime of using dishonest methods to take something valuable from another person e.g. He was found guilty of bank fraud. modify v. to change some parts of (something) while not changing other parts e.g. We can help you modify an existing home or buil

27、d a new one. n. modificationReading 1Language PointsReading about the TopicExploring the TopicIntegrated Exercise cherry-picking n. to pick or accept the best people or things in a group e.g. Hollywoods biggest stars can cherry-pick the best projects and directors. selectively adv. carefully choose

28、only the best people or things e.g. The advertisement selectively targets men between the ages of 18 and 24. v. select acquisition n. something or someone acquired or gained e.g. The big companys newest acquisition is a small chain of clothing stores.Reading 1Language PointsReading about the TopicEx

29、ploring the TopicIntegrated Exercise admittedly adv. as has been or must be admitted e.g. Admittedly, I should not have lost my temper like that. v. admit constraint n. something that limits or restricts someone or something e.g. Lack of funding has been a major constraint on the buildings design. v

30、. constrain molecular adj. of or relating to individual or small components e.g. She studied molecular biology in college.Reading 1Language PointsReading about the TopicExploring the TopicIntegrated Exercise narrative n. a story that is told or written e.g. He is writing a detailed narrative of his

31、life on the island. v. narrate straddle v. to sit or ride with a leg on either side of (something) e.g. The movie straddles too many genres. sloppy adj. not careful or neat : showing a lack of care, attention, or effort e.g. Your work has been very sloppy lately. erroneous adj. not correct e.g. A ne

32、ws article about the new virus that was filled with much erroneous information.Reading 1Language PointsReading about the TopicExploring the TopicIntegrated Exercise discernible adj. to detect with the eyes e.g. Her face was barely discernible in the gloom. v. discern intent n. the thing that you pla

33、n to do or achieve : an aim or purpose e.g. She thinks Im trying to make things difficult for her, but thats not my intent. deficiency n. a lack of something that is needed : the state of not having enough of something necessary e.g. The books major deficiency is its poor plot. adj. deficientReading

34、 1Language PointsReading about the TopicExploring the TopicIntegrated Exercise 1) Why have so many papers been retracted from high impact journals? Because the pressure of an increasingly competitive research environment can lead to scientific misconduct. 2) Why should we combat scientific misconduc

35、t? Because misconduct is detrimental to scientific progress in many ways.Approaching the TopicTask 1Reading about the TopicExploring the TopicIntegrated Exercise 3) What does the meta-analysis published in 2009 covering 18 fraud surveys imply? It suggests that scientific misconduct may be more commo

36、n than we suspect. 4) In what situation are deficiencies resulting from poor experimental design and inadequately controlled or statistically questionable experiments considered misconduct? If there is discernible intent to deceive.Approaching the TopicTask 1Reading about the TopicExploring the Topi

37、cIntegrated Exercise 1) misconduct 2) retract 3) detrimental 4) taint 5) fraudulent 6) fabricate 7) cherry-picking 8) coverageApproaching the TopicTask 2e. unacceptable or bad behaviour by someone in a position of authority or responsibility h. take back an offer or statement, etc. or admit that a s

38、tatement was falsem. causing harm or damagek. affect with a bad or undesirable quality n. dishonest and illegali. invent or produce something false in order to deceiveb. selectively choosing (the most beneficial or profitable items, opportunities, etc.) from what is availablea. the reporting of a pa

39、rticular important event or subjectReading about the TopicExploring the TopicIntegrated Exercise 9) set-up 10) constraint 11) massaging 12) straddle 13) sloppy 14) discernible 15) deficiency Approaching the TopicTask 2o. the way in which things are organized or arrangedl. state of not having, or not

40、 having enough, of something that is neededc. manipulating (facts or figures) to give a more acceptable resultf. to stretch across something or exist on both sides of somethingd. not done carefully or thoroughlyg. perceptiblej. weakness or imperfectionReading about the TopicExploring the TopicIntegr

41、ated Exercise _(1) The cloning researcher Woo-Suk Hwang was accused of three offences today, 12 May. _(2) The Seoul Central District prosecutors office in South Korea charged Woo-Suk Hwang with secretly taking KRW 2.8 billion and using the funds to purchase a car for himself and gifts for family mem

42、bers. _(3) Five other researchers on Hwangs team were also charged with various offences.Approaching the TopicTask 4FalseFalseTrueReading about the TopicExploring the TopicIntegrated Exercise A German university has withdrawn the doctoral degree of the former Bell Labs scientist who claimed a series

43、 of research breakthroughs, then was fired two years ago when it was discovered that he had manipulated data and fabricated results. The physicist, J. Hendrik Schn, 33, did not commit an academic offence in his doctoral research at the University of Konstanz, an investigation there found last year.

44、But on Friday, the university said it had a legal right to withdraw a degree when the recipient behaved “unworthily” of it. “That was interpreted here in the context of science,” said Dr. Wolfgang Dieterich, chairman of the physics department at Konstanz. Approaching the TopicTask 51234Reading about

45、 the TopicExploring the TopicIntegrated Exercise Mr. Schn, a research scientist at Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies research arm in Murray Hill, N.J., was an author or co-author of more than 70 scientific papers on an array of supposed discoveries, like new superconductors and tiny, molecular-scale tr

46、ansistors. The transistors appeared particularly exciting because they seemed to work the same way current silicon transistors do, suggesting that the technology could be straightforwardly transferred to computer chips. Others were unable to reproduce any of the findings. Then, in May 2002, outside

47、scientists discovered nearly identical graphs in several of Mr. Schns papers, even though they supposedly represented different data from different experiments. Four months later, an investigatory panel led by Dr. Malcolm R. Beasley, a professor of applied physics at Stanford, found that Mr. Schn ha

48、d manipulated or fabricated data in 17 papers. Bell Labs fired Mr. Schn and the published papers were withdrawn.Approaching the TopicTask 5567Reading about the TopicExploring the TopicIntegrated Exercise Mr. Schn apologized for mistakes but insisted that the findings were real. Soon after he was fir

49、ed, Konstanz assembled a committee to examine Mr. Schns thesis research on solar cells. Dr. Dieterich, who was not part of that investigation, said the committee found instances of mislabeled graphs and “some smoothing of data, which was not explained.” But Dr. Dieterich said, “One could not draw th

50、e conclusion that intentionally things have been presented in a wrong way,” and the committee did not accuse Mr. Schn of misconduct. The Konstanz physics department then began its review. It asked Mr. Schn to participate, but the only reply was a letter from his lawyer, Dr. Dieterich said, adding th