中考英语总复习----名词(共7页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上名词中考命题趋势考纲解读(名词在近5年考试中的考查点)1. 能够正确使用可数名词和不可数名词。2. 掌握可数名词复数形式的规则变化和不规则变化。3. 掌握名词所有格的构成和用法。4. 掌握名词作主语时和谓语在单复数上保持一致。命题预测1. 名词多在单项选择、完形填空、短文填空和完成对话中进行考查。2. 据统计，名词的常考点有：(1)名词所有格，如：2018广西，38题；2017泰安，23题等。 (2)语境中名词的选择，如：2018达州，22题；2018东营，19题等。(3)名词的数，如：2018龙东，2题；2018玉林，2017兰州，31题等。3. 预计今后中考中对于

2、名词的考查将以名词辨析、名词所有格和可数名词与不可数名词的表达为重点，也可能对名词所有格及名词固定搭配进行考查。名词知识点全览名词名词的分类专有名词普通名词可数名词个体名词集体名词不可数名词物质名词抽象名词名词的数可数名词单数复数（规则变化、不规则变化）不可数名词名词所有格s所有格of所有格双重所有格名词的句法功能主、宾、表、定、状、补语、同位名词辨析中考考点清单考点1名词的分类一、专有名词：名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期(节日、星期、月份)My name is Lucy. 我叫露西。I am a Chinese. 我是中国人。I will visit

3、 the Great Wall on Monday. 周一我要游长城。二、普通名词：包括可数名词和不可数名词1. 可数名词 &个体名词表示个体的人或事物如：sister，table，bike，window集体名词表示一群人或一些事物如：family，police，class，group2. 不可数名词 &物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料如：water，air，wood抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等如：danger，interest【注意】有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，如：glass意为“玻璃杯”时是可数名词，意为“玻璃”时是不可数名词。身兼两职的名词对照表：glassfishc

4、hickentime可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次，倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orangelightpaperhair可数橙子电灯报纸，试卷(几根) 头发不可数橙汁光纸头发exerciseidealifework可数练习题主意，意见生命著作不可数锻炼了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青年男子经历不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻，青春经验interestroom可数爱好房间不可数兴趣空间【注意】(1)family，class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调家庭成员或班级成员时视为复数；(2)部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数

5、。The police(主语)+谓语动词复数people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。people指民族，有单、复数变化。如：fifty-six peoples 五十六个民族考点2名词的数一、可数名词的复数形式1. 规则变化名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法列表如下：规则例词1一般在词尾加-smapmaps，seaseas，girlgirls，daydays2以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词后加-esclassclasses，boxboxes， watchwatches，dishdishes3以-f或-fe结尾的名词变-f或-fe为v再加-esleafleaves，th

6、iefthieves，knifeknives，loafloaves，wifewives加-sbeliefbeliefs，chiefchiefs，proofproofs，roofroofs，gulfgulfs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-espartyparties，familyfamilies， storystories，citycities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoytoys，boyboys，daydays，rayrays，HenryHenrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esheroheroes，NegroNegroes，potatop

7、otatoes，tomatotomatoes不少外来词加-spianopianos，photophotos，autoautos，kilokilos，solosolos两者皆可zerozeros/zeroes，volcanovolcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradioradios，bamboobamboos，zoozoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struthtruths，mouthmouths， monthmonths，pathpaths2. 不规则变化英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母manmen，womanwom

8、en，footfeet，goosegeese，mouse mice2单复数相同sheep，deer，series，means，works，fish，species，li，yuan，jin3只有复数形式ashes，trousers，clothes，thanks，goods，glasses (眼镜)，compasses (圆规)，contents (目录)4一些集体名词总是用作复数people，police，cattle，staff5部分集体名词既可以视为单数(整体)也可以视为复数(成员)audience，class，family，crowd，couple，group，committee，gove

9、rnment，population，crew，team，public，enemy，party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关)，forces(军队)，times(时代)，spirits(情绪)，drinks(饮料)，sands(沙滩)，papers(文件，报纸)，manners(礼貌)，looks(外表)，brains(头脑，智力)，greens(青菜)，ruins(废墟)7表示“某 国人”加-sAmericans，Australians，Germans， Greeks，Swedes，Europeans单复数同形Swiss，Portuguese，Chinese，Japanese以-m

10、an或-woman结尾的改为-men，-womenEnglishmen，Frenchmen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law，lookers-on，passers-by，story-tellers，boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups，housewives，stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers，men servants二、不可数名词的量的表达不可数名词在表示量的时候需要用上适当的量词，当数词大于1时，量词须变为复数。如：a piece of advice(一条建议)，five pieces of advice(五条

11、建议)，a bag of rice(一袋大米)，three bags of rice(三袋大米)。常见的量词及搭配：a bag of flour 一袋面粉a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶a bowl of rice 一碗米饭a bucket of milk 一桶牛奶a can of beer 一罐啤酒 a cup of tea 一杯茶a glass of milk 一杯牛奶a pack of gum 一盒口香糖a bowl of soup 一碗汤a pot of tea 一壶茶a spoon of sugar 一勺糖a tin of soup 一个汤罐头可数名词的量也可以用适当的量词

12、来表达。如：two bags of apples两袋苹果。考点3名词所有格一、 s所有格1、表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格一般在名词后加s，其构成形式如下：一般单数名词后加s。如：my brothers book，Jacks cat，the girls pen等。以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词后加“”。如：girls，teachers等。【注意】在不规则复数名词后，要加s。如：womens clothes。以-s结尾的专有名词的所有格，读音以z结尾的，一般在名词后加“”，也可加s其读音分别为z和Iz。如：Dickens/Dickenss book。【注意】若不以读音z结尾则仍

13、用s。如：Rosss book。复合名词或词群的所有格的词尾s加在后面的名词之后。the President of the United Statess car美国总统的汽车【注意】当出现同位语时，s一般加在同位语后。This is my sister Marys bag. 这是我妹妹玛丽的包。如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词词尾加s，如果不是共有的，两个名词都要加s。Tom and Peters room汤姆和彼得的房间(共有的房间)Toms and Peters rooms汤姆的房间和彼得的房间(各自的房间)表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加上s代表全称。at th

14、e doctors=at the doctors office在诊所在one及one/body和some-，any-，no-，every-结合起来的复合词后加s。如：someones book某人的书。这些代词和else连用时，s应加在else后。如：somebody elses pencil别人的铅笔。2、表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以在词尾后加s或“”构成所有格。如：todays news，ten minutes drive，Chinas industry等。二、“of+名词”所有格无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如：the windows of

15、the room(房间的窗户)，the cover of the dictionary(词典的封面)。三、双重所有格 (1)表示部分概念，of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词，如：a，an，one，two，some，several，a few，many，any，no等。This is a picture of mine. 这是我的一张照片。(2)双重所有格与of所有格的不同。He is a friend of your fathers. 他是你父亲的一个朋友。(强调你父亲的朋友不止一个)He is a friend of your father. 他是你父亲的朋友。(强调他对你父亲的友好

16、)中考考点聚焦考点1名词辨析例1 (2018达州)-What do you think of The Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议)?-Great! It will help China improve the _ with those related countries.A. relationship B. agreement C. environment D. information解析：句意：-你觉得一带一路倡议怎么样？-非常好！这有助于提升中国和相关国家的关系。本题考查名词含义， relationship关系，agreement一致，environme

17、nt环境，information信息，根据句子含义可以选出答案。 答案：A考点2名词所有格及其用法例1(2018广西)The woman in a hat isaunt.A. Jack and John B.Jacks and John C.Jacks and Johns D.Jack and Johns解析：句意：-这女人是杰克和约翰的阿姨。本题考查名词所有格用法。在表示多个人或物共有的东西，在最后一个名词后加“s”。答案：D考点3名词的数例1(2018玉林)Hey, boys. Look at the falling .Well, its telling us that autumn is

18、 coming.A.leaf B.leafs C.leafes D.leaves解析：句意：-嘿！孩子们。快看落叶。-哦，这说明秋天来了。以f或fe结尾的名词变复数，变f或fe为v，加es。答案：D中考真题演练考点1名词辨析1. (2018扬州)The Queqiao satellite(卫星) will form a B bridge between controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon.A. contribution B. communication C. celebration D. competition2. (2018孝感

19、) - Which should we start with, Water World or Space World?- Either is OK, it makes no C to me.A. mistake B. promise C. difference D. decision3. (2018咸宁) Could you give me a few B on how to spend the coming summer holiday? OK, let me see.A. hobbies B. suggestions C. knowledgeD. information4. (2018武汉

20、) - Kate, I m going shopping. Anything to buy for you?-Yes, that will save me a_A _.A. hand B. trip C. visit D.bill5. (2018徐州)You dont have to tell me your answer now. Give it some D and then let me know.A. support B. help C. protection D. thought 6. (2018苏州)The boy has been missing for five days an

21、d his parents are worried about his_ B .A. attention B. safety C. action D. growth7. (2018沈阳)Small cars are useful in cities with narrow _ A _.A. streets B. cinemas C. squares D. shop8. (2018南京)- Do you have this T-shirt in a small_ A _?-Im afraid not. It only comes in medium.A. size B. colour C. ma

22、terial D. taste9. (2018连云港) NationalTreasurequicklyrosetothetoptelevisionratingranksafteritwaspresentedonCCTV.It meansagrowing A intraditionalcultureamongChinasyouth.Ainterest Bdirection Chabit Ddream10. (2018兰州)If the temperature is below 0oC, water will turn into _ A _ in the open air.A. ice B. st

23、eam C. fog D. rain11. (2018荆州) Kids often feel better in a happy family.Thats true. A happy family provides a loving _ B_ for its children.A. expression B. environment C. encouragement D. development12. (2018黄石) In fact, pandas have become so popular that they are now a _ B _of China. A. subject B.

24、symbol C. sign D. spirit13. (2018东营)- Hi, Li Mei. How is your new school?- Fantastic. We can choose the courses according to our C . I love operas, so I took the Beijing Opera class.A. gradesB. talentsC. interests D. experiences14. (2018呼和浩特)It s Mr Zhang s new movie.But I think it s more meaningful

25、 than his others. I agree with you. His latest movie has come to his highest B.A. spiritsB. standardC. treasureD. development15. (2018河南)- Its useless to regret what has been done. Dont make those mistakes again 一I wont. Thats a(n) _ C _A order B. decision C. promise D. agreement考点2名词所有格及其用法1. (2016

26、龙东)How far is your home from school?About B walk. A. five minutesB. five minutesC. five minutes2. (2017哈尔滨)How time flies! It is two A since we met last.So it is. I miss you so much.A. months B. monthes C. months D. month3. (2017恩施)Henry, have you seen the English book on the B desk? If you see it,

27、please take it to the office.OK.A. teachers; teachers B. teachers; teachers C. teachers; teachers D. teachers; teachers考点3名词的数1. (2016重庆)Its sports time. Most A students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground. A. boyB. boysC. boysD. boys2. (2017邵阳) Mom, please give me two B . I want to ma

28、ke vegetable salad.OK. Here you are.A. tomato B. tomatoes C. tomatos D. tomatoos3. (2017南充)Are you thirsty?Yes, please give us C .A. three bottle water B. three bottle of waterC. three bottles of water D. three bottles of waters4. (2017兰州) There are a lot of B on the grassland. sheep-dog is sitting

29、next to them.A. sheep; The B. sheep; A C. sheeps; The D. sheeps; A5. (2018通辽) In China, there are more _B_in primary schools than in high schools.A. woman teacher B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teachers 6. (2017广州)Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef，vegetables and A. A. some riceB. a few riceC. a little ricesD. a rice7. (2017营口)There A many foreign students in her class.Yes. I know two of them are .A. are; Japanese B. is; Australian C. are; Germany D. is; Ameirca专心-专注-专业