人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解(共30页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解Units 1-21. doubtdoubt是高考中的高频考查词汇。doubt可作动词和名词，是新课标重点词汇。其命题角度为：作动词时，若为肯定句，后跟宾语从句,通常用if/whether引导，若为否定句，则通常用that引导。doubt作名词时，通常用于There is no doubt that .(毫无疑问）结构。2010年高考对doubt的考查还将集中在其后跟从句时连接词的选择上，也有可能将doubt与其他动词或名词放在一起进行词义辨析。2. exposeexpose是新课标要求掌握的单词，应重点掌握它的义项及常见用法，特别是be

2、 exposed to 句式，其中to为介词，后跟名词、代词和动名词；同时注意exposed to作后置定语和用于句首作状语的用法。另外，being exposed to结构用动名词形式作主语也是重点和难点，极易考查。 预测2010年命题方向为 exposed to 作状语和定语的用法。3. absorbabsorb是新课标重点单词，重点掌握其“吸收（液体，热）；吸收，理解（知识）”的词义及其be absorbed in(全神贯注于)的用法，易考点为该短语位于句首作状语和作后置定语两点，考生应能掌握be absorbed by(为某事物所吸引)；还应联系be engaged in, be de

3、voted to, be involved in和be lost in等常见重点近义短语。4. apart fromapart from是常见介词短语，意为“除之外”，考生应熟练掌握近义的词和短语： except, besides, in addition (to), other than, except for, except that, except when等。预测2010年高考会在单项填空题中直接考查或者会出现在阅读理解题中。5. availableavailable是新课标重点单词，在近几年高考和各地的模拟考试中出现的频率极高，主要考点为：词义(可得到的，可用的)。 命题形式常为形容

4、词词义辨析，如区分accessible, acceptable, sensible, favourite, average, convenient 等。用法。be available to意为“可利用的”，be available for意为“使可以享受某物;使买得起某物 ”, 要了解二者的区别。预测2010年高考命题会以考查词义或者形容词短语作后置定语为命题方向。6. consist ofconsist of是近几年高考高频考查短语。理解其词义“组成，构成”。考查与其他近义词组的用法异同点。如be made up of, be composed of, constitute, be form

5、ed of 等。考生要特别注意consist of要用主动形式表达，不用系表结构。预测这一考点将成为2010年高考考查的重点，特别是用consisting of 作后置定语。7. break down由break构成的动词短语是历年高考命题的重点。考生必须明确break down的几个常见义项，根据不同的语境加以判断。break down，break up, break off, break away, break in等，都要求考生熟知它们的常见义项，因为命题时可能会对该短语直接考查，也可在短文中考查对其意义的理解。8. only+状语（状语从句）位于句首构成部分倒装这是考生必须熟练掌握的句

6、式之一，以往的高考题中已多次考查到。倒装句式有多种情况，该句式为日常交际中较常见的一种。特别提示：only只有强调状语或者状语从句才构成部分倒装，强调主语或宾语不用倒装。预测该句式是2010年高考命题考查的重点。重要词汇拓展Unit 1 Great scientists1. _ n. 特征；特性2. _ vt.&vi. 结束；推断出_ n. 结论 3. _ vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫4. _ vt. 参加；出席；照顾；护理_ n. 参加；出席；侍从；看护5. _ vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光_ n. 暴露；揭穿；揭发6. _ vt.& n. 治愈；痊愈 _adj.可治愈的_ vt.& n. 控制

7、；支配 8. _ vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心 _adj. 被吸收的；全神贯注的9. _ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的characteristic 2. conclude；conclusion 3. defeat 4. attend；attendance5. expose；exposure 6. cure；curable 7. control 8. absorb； absorbed 9. severe10. _ vt. 宣布；通告 _n. 宣布；宣告；通知11. _ vt. 命令；指示；教导_ adj.有教育意义的；有指导意义的 _n.指导；指示；指令 _ n. 教师；讲师；指导员12. _

8、 vt.&vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助_n.贡献；奉献13. _ adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的_n.创造；创作14. _ adj. 热情的；热心的_ n. 热心；热情15. _ adj.小心的；谨慎的_n.小心；谨慎；慎重16. _ vt. 拒绝；不接受；丢弃；抛弃17. _ vt. 建造；构造；创立_n.建造；建筑；结构18. _vt.分析_n.分析19. _ vt. 污染；弄脏_ n. 污染10.announce;announcement1 11.instruct；instructive；instructioninstructor12. contribute；contribution

9、 13. creative；creation14. enthusiastic；enthusiasm 15. cautious；caution 16. reject17. construct; construction 18. analyse; analysis 19. pollute; pollution1. put _ 提出2. _ a conclusion 得出结论3. in _ 另外 4. _ to an end结束5. _ .to .将和连接起来 6. _ from 除之外7. be _ with 对严格的 8. lead _导致；通向 9. make _ 有道理；有意义；讲得通 10

10、. _ of view 态度；观点11. be _ to 暴露于12. be _ in 全神贯注于13. _ into 调查14. be _ /_ 支持/反对forward 2. draw 3. addition 4. come 5. link 6. apart 7.strict 8. to 9. sense 10. point 11. exposed 12. absorbed 13. look 14. for/against重点短语梳理 1. _ its cause _ its cure was understood.人们不但不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。2. So many tho

11、usands of terrified people died _ _ there was an outbreak.每次暴发（霍乱）时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。3. John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _ _.约翰斯诺建议所有的水源都要经过检测。4. _ _ you put the sun there _ the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。1. Neither;

12、nor 2. every time 3. be examined 4. Only if; did重点句型再现1. John Snow defeats “King Cholera”.约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”。defeat意为“击败；打败；使（计划，希望）落空”。 defeat, conquer与overcome三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”的意思。 defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指军事上的胜利, 如defeat the enemy(打败敌人); conquer指“征服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情的控制,如conquer nature（征服自然）；overcome指“战胜；压倒；克服”，

13、尤其指“感情”, 如overcome difficulties （克服困难）。【易混辨析】选词填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win）By not working hard enough you _ your own purpose.Some countries may be _ but can never be _.Who is _ the drum?He _ the first prize in the writing contest.【答案】defeated defeated; conquered beating won defeat, beat与win defeat, b

14、eat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如beat the competitor/the country/the team .打败对手/国家/队I can beat/defeat you at swimming.我游泳能胜过你。He was defeated/beaten at chess.他下象棋输了。win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward .赢得赛跑/战役

15、/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏高手过招2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助（那些）受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。exposed to cholera在句中是过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动，修饰people，相当于定语从句which were exposed to cholera 意为“患霍乱的”。expose意为“暴露；揭露；使曝光”，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”。常

16、见结构：expose sth./sb./oneself (to .) 显露或暴露be exposed to暴露于高手过招用expose的适当形式填空In summer, _ the sun can be very harmful to your skin.The soil was washed away by the flood, _ bare rock. 【答案】being exposed to exposing3. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们不但不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。cure vt.&n. 治愈，治疗法；

17、常用于cure sb. of .结构中。 cure, treat, heal与recovercure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。heal意为“治愈（伤口）； 医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。recover意为“痊愈,复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。That will cure him of his bad habits. 那将改正他的坏习惯。There are only two doctors to treat more than 50

18、 patients.只有两名医生来治疗50多个病人。The wound on my arm has healed. 我胳膊上的伤已痊愈了。Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold. 他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。【易混辨析】完成句子Penicillin _ _ _ his pneumonia. 盘尼西林治好了他的肺炎。After the accident, the lorry driver _ _ for cuts and bruises.事故后卡车司机的擦伤得到了治疗。The cut on his finger _ quickly.他手指上的伤口很快

19、愈合了。【答案】cured him ofwas treatedhealed高手过招4. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。suggest vt. 暗示；表明(陈述语气)；建议（suggest doing; suggest thatclause）His attitude suggested that he was not interested in it at all.他的态度表明他对此一点也不感兴趣。

20、I suggested that he (should) adapt himself to his new conditions. 我建议他应该适应新的情况。absorb意为“吸收；吸引；使专心；合并；吞并”，常见结构：absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in sth. 专心于某事be absorbed by/into 被吞并；为所吸收 Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聪明的孩子掌握知识很容易。Aspirin is quickly absorbed by/into the body. 阿司匹林很快

21、被身体吸收了。He is absorbed in his business. 他专心致志地处理事务。Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses.大多数小商店已被并入大公司。完成句子 _ _ _ _ _ _, the man walked into a wall. 那个人看报纸太入神撞到了墙上。They were _ _ _ _ _ the show on television that they found it hard to pull away.他们聚精会神地看着电视里的表演，舍不得离开。【答案】Deeply absor

22、bed in the newspaper so deeply absorbed in watching 高手过招6. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者很快就会死去。ffect vt.意为“影响；作用于”，经常表示某种变化，对象是人时，可指思想或感情上的变化。 affect, effect 与influenceaffect 与 effect 均可表示“影响”，其区别是：前者是动词(及物)，主要指一时的影响，着重指影响的

23、动作，可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响；后者是名词(可数或不可数)，两者的关系大致为：affecthave an effect on。注意：effect 有时虽用作及物动词，但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”或“产生”等。influence 表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作及物动词或名词(通常不可数，但有时可与不定冠词连用)。【易混辨析】完成句子We are interested in the weather because it _ _ _ /_ _ _ _ _ (对我们有直接影响)what we wear, what we do, an

24、d even how we feel. 【答案】affects us directly/has direct effects on us6. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。blame v. 责备，谴责；把归咎于blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人He blamed you for the neglect of duty.他责备你玩忽职守。blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks carel

25、ess driving.警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。be to blame (for) 应（为）承担责任；该（为）受责备。注意：此处不能用被动语态。blame n. 埋怨，责备；责任take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任lay/put the blame on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 单项填空We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife _that for their sons bad performance at school.A. are to blame B. is to the blamed C. are to

26、 be blamed D. is to blame【解析】选D。句意为：我们觉得对于孩子在学校的不好表现，除了杰克的妻子外，杰克也有责任。be to blame是习惯表达方式，要用主动形式表示被动含义。.单词拼写 1. This new e_ for the car works well.2. She has a strong c_.3. The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the s_ farming.4. The doctor had my eyes e_ for weakening.5. He b

27、_ me for my negligence(疏忽大意).6. He finished his work in a _ (积极的) way.7. We must try to _ (分析)the causes of the strike.8. He became _ (狂热的) about classical music.9. He has _ (完成)the whole job already.10. Be _（谨慎） when you cross the street.【答案】1. engine 2. character 3. scientific 4. examined 5. blame

28、d6.positive 7. analyse 8. enthusiastic 9. completed 10. cautiousII. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1. John Snow told the story about the_ (astonish) people in Broad Street.2. Dont drink _ (pollute) water, because it carries the disease.3. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party couldnt come.4. There is a car _ (

29、park) outside the house.5. We were _ (inspire) by the _ (inspire) news.6. Why are you looking so _ (disappoint)?7. Thousands of _ (terrify) people died.【答案】1. astonished 2. polluted 3. invited 4. parked5. inspired；inspiring 6. disappointed 7. terrified III. 翻译句子1. 不要在太阳下晒得太久，你会被晒伤的。(sunburn)2. 有组织的旅

30、行就是由某人或某机构组织的旅行。3. 到了那时他才意识到造成的损失有多大。4. 每当他遇到困难，他就会想起他的妈妈。（every time）5. 正在建造的那幢摩天大楼比去年建的那幢还要高。【答案】1. Dont expose yourself to the sun for too long. You will get sunburned.2. An organized trip is one organized by someone or some organization.3. Only then did he realize how much damage had been caused

31、.4. He would think of his mother every time he met with difficulties.5. The skyscraper being built is still higher than the one built last year.Unit 2 The United Kindom重要词汇拓展1. _ vt. 分配；分开_ adj. 分离的_n. 分离；分开2. _ n. 矛盾；冲突3. _ n. 描写；描述 _ vt. 描写；描述4. _ v.组成；一致_ n.一致性；连贯性_adj.一致的 5. _ vt.澄清；阐明_ n.清楚；明晰；

32、清澈divide; divided; division 2. conflict 3. description; describe4. consist；consistence；consistent 5. clarify；clarity 重要词汇拓展6. _n.收集；收藏品 _vt.& vi.收集；募集_ adj.集体的7. _ n.便利；方便_ adj.便利的；方便的8. _ vt.使激动；使胆战心惊_adj.激动的_ adj.令人兴奋的 9. _ n.快乐；高兴；喜悦；vt.使快乐；使欣喜_ adj.高兴的_ adj.令人喜悦的10. _ vt. 吸引；引起注意_ n.吸引; 吸引力；吸引人的

33、事物 _ adj.有吸引力的；诱人的11. _ adj.壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的12. _ n.塑像；雕像13. _ vt.筹备；安排；整理_ n.筹备；安排；整理14. _ n.错误；谬误；过失6. collection；collect；collective 7. convenience；convenient8. thrill；thrilled；thrilling 9. delight；delighted；delightful10. attract; attraction; attractive 11. splendid 12. statue13. arrange；arrangement 14

34、. error1. _ of 由组成2._ .into 把分成3. leave _ 遗漏；删掉4. _ down 捣毁；（机器）出故障；分解；垮掉5. _ to 提及；参考6. for _ 为了方便7. _ close to 接近；几乎8. take the _ of 代替；取代 9. break _ from 挣脱（束缚）；脱离1. consist 2. divide 3. out 4. break 5. refer6. convenience 7. come 8. place 9. away重点短语梳理 1. There is _ _ to debate any more why diff

35、erent words are used to describe the four countries.再也没有什么必要争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家了。2. The three countries _ _ _ peacefully instead of by war.这三个国家发现自己并没有通过战争就和平统一起来了。3. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism _ _ _ and died in London.这似乎很奇怪：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。no need 2. fou

36、nd themselves united3. should have lived重点句型再现1. How many countries does the UK consist of?英国是由几个国家（部分）组成的？consist of 组成；构成；由组成(后接of，用于主动语态)Our class consisted of fifty students at that time.当时我们班有50个学生。【联想拓展】consist vi. 符合；并存；一致 （与with连用）Theory should consist with practice. 理论应与实践相一致。在于，存在于（常与in连用）

37、The beauty of Venice consists in the style of its ancient building. 威尼斯的美在于其古建筑的风格。【易混辨析】comprise, compose, constitute与make up 这一组动词都有“组成，包含”的意思，不过comprise和constitute是及物动词，要用主动形式；而compose和make up则需后跟of, 用于系表结构中。Our companys product line comprises 2, 500 different items.我们公司的生产线是由2500个不同的组成部分构成的。Crim

38、e and illegal drugs constitute the citys major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。 A car is made up of many different parts. 汽车由很多不同的零部件组成。 用适当的介词填空The United Nations Organization consists _ over 160 nations.Our greatest happiness

39、 consists _ serving the people.Health doesnt consist _ smoking.【答案】ofinwith2. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.如今，只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。refer to 查阅;参考If you want to know his telephone number, you may refer to the telephone directory. 如果你想知道他的电话号码，你可以查电话簿。谈到;提到The

40、old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March. 老战士谈到了长征时的一些经历。 适用于;涉及These books refer to Asian problems. 这些书涉及亚洲问题。 把提交给;把委托给I dont want to refer this patient to an irresponsible doctor. 我不想把这个病人交给一个不负责的医生。 使向请教;使求助于 I referred her to Tom for further information. 我让她到汤姆那儿去询问详情。 把归功于

41、He referred his success to the good education he had had. 他把他的成功归功于他所受的良好教育。 认为起源于The invention of the papermaking is referred to China. 造纸术起源于中国。 用括号内所给短语的适当形式填空 On Aids Day, the minister of the Health Department demanded the problems _ _ _ (refer to) paid special attention to.【答案】referred to (shou

42、ld) be 3. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. 然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。break away (from)突然逃掉或离开;断绝往来,脱离;改掉(旧习惯）break down (机器、车辆等)坏了；(计划、谈判等)失败；(谈话、通讯等)中断；(健康、精神等)变坏；垮掉break in 突然进来，强行进入；插嘴，打岔break into 强行进入;突然起来;打断，插嘴break off 停止讲话;暂停;休息;(使)折断break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生或爆发break through 突破;克服;征服;强行穿过/进入break up 解散;驱散;(学校等)放假;结束;破裂;绝交用适当的介词或副词填空Thieves broke _ the house when the couple were watching TV.A quarrel broke