基于PLC的积放输送系统设计(共50页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上目 录专心-专注-专业基于PLC控制的轻型反向积放式输送系统的设计设计总说明本课题主要介绍了PLC在涂装烘干中的具体应用,以涂装烘干生产线的自动控制的设计过程为例,讲述PLC控制涂装烘干生产线的运行。随着工业现代化的进一步发展,整个社会自动化水平和信息化水平不断提高,人们需要方便、快捷地将不同的物件输送到不同的工位上去完成各种工艺作业,因此积放式悬挂输送机应运而生,它是现代化生产中广泛使用的物料输送设备。积放式输送机能高速地向工位传送工件,节省了工位间的传递时间,提高了生产效率。高速传送还可以大大减少吊具数量(即吊挂间距加大),降低链条牵引力,减少轨道上的负荷,提高使
2、用寿命。积放式输送机每一个工位前都有一定的储存,使生产具有一定的弹性。在现代工业生产自动化过程中可编程控制器(PLC)从无到有,实现了接线逻辑到存储逻辑的飞跃;其功能从弱到强,实现了逻辑控制到数字控制的进步;其应用领域从小到大,实现了单体设备简单控制到胜任运动控制、过程控制及集散控制等各种任务的跨越。它不仅可以取代传统的继电接触控制系统,还可以构成复杂的工业过程控制网络,是实现工业自动化的一种强有力的工具。可编程序控制器是一种数字运算操作的电子系统,专为在工业环境下应用而设计。它采用可编程序的存储器,用来在其内部存储执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令,并通过数字式、模拟式
3、的输入和输出,控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。可编程序控制器及其有关设备,都应按易于使工业控制系统形成一个整体,易于扩充其功能的原则设计。从上述定义可以看出,是一种用程序开改变控制功能的工业控制计算机,除了能完成各种控制功能外,还有与其他计算机通信联网的功能。采用PLC对输送线进行自动控制,输送线分为物料输送线(快速链)和物料烘干线(慢速链)两部分,其中快速链主要用于输送物料,链速较快(链速约12m/min);慢速链属于可调速工艺链,根据物料的不同,所需的烘干时间也不同,因此链速并不是固定不变的,必须通过控制柜内的变频器来调整其速度,所以在整个系统起动前应先设定变频器的频率,来控制电动机的转速,
4、从而控制链速(链速约0.5m一2.5m/min)。而PLC控制的主要是物料输送线(快速连),所以必须了解运料小车所处的位置及各积放段所存小车的数量。我们通过在输送线上安装占位开关(测检小车位置),满位开关(检测积放段存车数量是否已达到要求)、清除开关以及给址器(给定小车地址)、读址器(根据所给地址命令小车进入不同的工位)等向PLC输入端发出信号,经中央处理机(CPU)内部程序处理后,向PLC输出端发出相应信号,来控制输送线上各个停止器的打开与关闭,从而控制每辆小车的停止或运行,达到自动控制输送线正常运行的目的。采用PLC控制的输送生产线系统可靠性高,且PLC内部程序编制的灵活性及功能的多样性大
5、大降低了外部的硬件配置,不但提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本,而且方便了控制人员的管理。本设计包括两个部分的内容,即硬件部分和软件部分。本文首先介绍了课题研究的目的和意义,讲述现在汽车涂装中所存在的现状,确定出系统的控制要求、方案确定和系统的工作原理。然后对生产线中使用的积放式悬挂输送机的结构和工作原理进行了介绍,对系统所使用的PLC控制也进行了简述,接下来就是这次设计的重点,讲述了系统的整体设计及其工作过程,再对设计系统的硬件部分和软件部分进行介绍。关键词:积存;满位;占位;PLCThe reverse product put light conveyor system based on PL
6、C control designGeneral description of the designThis subject mainly introduces the application of PLC in coating drying, the coating drying production line as an example, the design of the automatic control process about the operation of the PLC control coating drying production line.With the furth
7、er development of industry modernization, the whole society and normalization level continuously improve automation level, they need quickly and easily carry different objects to a different location on various process operations, so put suspension conveyor arises at the historic moment, it is widel
8、y used in the production of modern material conveying equipment. High speed by the product put conveyor mechanisms to transfer station artifacts, save the transfer time between the stations, improve the production efficiency. High speed transmission can also greatly reduce the amount of sling (i.e.,
9、 hang spacing increase), and reduce the chain traction, reduce the load on the tracks, improve the service life. Each location before the product put conveyor has certain storage, production has certain flexibility.In the process of modern industrial production automation programmable controller (PL
10、C) from scratch, and realize the leap of logic to storage logic connection; Its function from weak to strong, has realized the logic control to the progress of the digital control; Its application fields since the childhood, has realized the single equipment simple control to competent for motion co
11、ntrol, process control and control of distribution across a variety of tasks. It not only can replace the traditional relay control system, the contact can also constitute a complex industrial process control network, is a powerful tool to realize industrial automation.Programmable controller is a d
12、igital computing operation of electronic systems, specially designed for application in industrial environment. It USES a programmable memory, used in its internal storage to perform logical operations, sequential control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations such as instruction, and through d
13、igital and analog input and output, control various types of machinery or production process. Programmable controller and related equipment, should be according to the industrial control system is easy to form a whole, easy to expand its function on the principle of design. Can be seen from the abov
14、e definition, the PLC is a kind of industrial control computer with the program change of control functions, in addition to finish all kinds of control functions, and the computer communication network and other functions.Adopting PLC to control the automatic conveyor line, conveyor line is divided
15、into material transport line (fast chain) and material drying line chain (slow) two parts, including fast chain is mainly used for conveying material, chain speed faster (chain speed about 12 m/min); Slow chain belongs to adjustable-speed technology chain, according to different materials, the dryin
16、g time required is also different, so the chain speed is not fixed, must through encase of frequency converter to adjust its speed control, so in the whole system should be set before starting the frequency of the inverter, to control the speed of the motor, so as to control the chain speed (chain s
17、peed is about 0.5 m, 2.5 m/min). And PLC control is the main material conveyor line (fast), so you must know the location of the material car and each product to put the car number. We pass on the transmission line installation placeholder switch (measurement inspection car location), full position
18、switch (testing whether put period put car number has reached the requirement), remove the switch and to address (given the car address), read access device (according to the address given command the car into a different location), such as the input signal to the PLC, the central processing unit (C
19、PU) after the internal procedures, output signal corresponding to the PLC, to control the transmission line each stop opening and closing, so as to control each car stop or run, achieve the goal of automatic control the normal operation of conveyor line. Conveyor production line PLC control system h
20、as high reliability, and PLC internal programming flexibility and functional diversity of greatly reduces the external hardware configuration, not only improve the production efficiency, reduce the production cost, and convenient control of personnel management.The content of this design includes tw
21、o parts, namely the hardware part and software part. This paper first introduces the purpose and significance of the thesis, about the present situation of the car coating in now, determine the control requirements of the system, the scheme and working principle of the system. Then on the production
22、 line used in the product put suspension conveyor of the structure and working principle are introduced, the PLC control used by the system is also briefly, then there is the focus of the design, tells the story of the whole system design and its working process, and the design of hardware part and
23、software part of the system is introduced.Keywords:Store up;Fully booked;Masses;PLC1. 绪论1.1课题背景及其意义一直以来,可编程序控制器(PLC)在工业自动化控制方面发挥着巨大作用,为各种各样的自动化控制设备提供了广泛、可靠的控制应用。PLC主要能够为自动化控制应用提供安个可靠和比较完善的解决方案,适合当前自动化工业企业的需要。随着计算机技术和通信技术的发展,工业控制领域有了翻天覆地的变化,而PLC不断地采用新技术以及增强系统的开放性,在工业自动化领域中的应用范围不断扩大。PLC将计算机技术、自动控制技术和通
24、讯技术融为一体,成为实现单机、车间、工厂自动化的核心设备,其具有可靠性高、抗干扰能力强、组合灵活、编程简单、维修方便等诸多优点。汽车涂装烘干是汽车车身制造的三大工程之一,主要作用是保护和装饰车身。我国汽车行业在涂装烘干技术的应用方面,与国际水平的差距在不断缩小。在现阶段,大批量的汽车涂装烘干生产要求高度的自动化,涂装烘干设备及装备已经成为最关键的要素,因为它直接或间接影响涂装烘干生产线的开动率、工艺参数的稳定性、涂装生产质量的一致性和一次合格率、涂装材料利用率等,涂装烘干线在汽车工厂建设中所占的投资总是最高的。所以,汽车涂装烘干线的高度自动化,一直是我国汽车工业对涂装装备的迫切需求。随着国家对
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