句子成分及句子(共4页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上句子成分及句子一、句子1.简单句Stephen apologized at once.注意:如果一个句子含有一个以上的简单句,那它或者是一个并列句,或者是一个复合句。2.并列句Stephen realized his mistake and (he) apologized at once.3.复合句When he realized his mistake, Stephen apologized at once.二、英语句子的基本词序英语句子的词语虽然可能是各种各样的,如下列情况:1. Did you take your car in for a service? Wh
2、en did you take your car in for a service?2. Youve eaten a lot! cried Frank.3. Last night we went to the cinema.4. Suddenly, the whole building began to shake.6. Dont speak to your mother like that.但除疑问句和祈使句外,句子的一般语序为:主语 动词(谓语) 宾语 状语(方式、地点、时间),例如1. I bought a hat yesterday.2. The children ran home.3
3、. The taxi-driver shouted at me angrily.4. We ate our meal in silence.5. A young girl with long black hair walked confidently cross the room.三.基本术语的定义1.主语:一般也名词、代词或名词短语,通常位于动词之前。动词必须与主语保持一致(主谓一致),所以主语决定动词的形式,如I wait; He waits; I am; You are; I have; The new doctor has.2.谓语:为动词或动词短语。3.宾语: 一般为名词、代词或名词
4、短语。4.直接宾语:指的是动词所涉及的人或物,紧跟在及物动词之后。 Please dont annoy me. John threw the ball over the wall.5.间接宾语:一般指“受益于”动词表示的行为的人。 Throw me the ball. Buy your father a parent.6.补语:告诉我们有关主语和宾语的情况,从而使整句话的意思完整。 Frank is clever. Loud music drives me crazy.7.及物动词(vt):后面可直接跟宾语,可用于被动语态。 I met Jim this morning. Im reading
5、 a book. The cup was broken by the little girl.8.不及物动词(vi):不能直接跟宾语,不能用于被动语态。 My head aches. The door opened.注意:但不及物动词后可跟介词,在跟宾语。 A crowd of people arrived at the street.9.主动语态:动作通常是主语的发出者。10.被动语态:动作通常是主语的承受者。例如: The police took him away. He was taken by the police.四、扩张句子的组成部分 我们可以通过加上一个简单句或短语来扩张句子的主
6、语或宾语:1. 扩张主语The man ran away.The man who stole the money ran away.2. 扩张宾语I bought a raincoat.I bought a raincoat with a warm lining.五.简单句(五种简单句型),一般有一个动词,一个主语,一个宾语。1. 主语动词 My head aches.3. 主语动词宾语My sister enjoyed the play.4. 主语系动词表语Frank is clever / an architect.5. 主语动词间接宾语直接宾语The firm gave Sam a wa
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