人教版新目标八年级英语上册第一单元知识详解(共16页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上人教版新目标八年级英语上册第一单元知识详解Detailed Solution for Unit 1 How often do you exercise？【重要词汇】 ever 曾经 once 一次 twice 两次 internet 互联网 program. 节目单， （电脑）程序 result 结果， 成果 song 歌曲 junk 垃圾， 破烂物，废弃的旧物 milk 牛奶 interviewer 采访者 habit 习惯，习性 difference 不同，差异，区别 grade 分数，成绩，年级 although 虽然，即使，纵然 unhealthy不健康的，

2、不益健康的 skateboarding 溜滑板运动【重要词组】 how often 多久一次 as for至于，关于 junk food 垃圾食品 eating habit 饮食习惯 of course 当然 look after 照顾，照看 start with 以开始 make a difference 使得结果不同，有重要性 go shopping 去购物 have a party 聚会 go to the movie 去看电影 once a week 每周一次 hardly ever 很少 twice a week 每周两次 three times a week 每周三次 watch

3、TV看电视 on weekend 在周末 do homework 做作业 a lot of 许多 try to do试图（努力）做某事 help sb (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 the same as和相同 keep in good health 保持身体健康【重要词句详解】1. Lets look at the following words and their usage（让我们看看下面的这些词及其用法）.always 一直，总是 usually 通常 often 经常 sometimes 有时候 hardly ever 很少，几乎没有 never 从不这些词都是表示频率的副

4、词, 但是在程度上有差别。通常用于一般现在时。如： I always have some milk for my breakfast. 我早餐总是喝牛奶。 He usually gets up at 6:30 in the morning. 他通常早上6：30起床。 He often does homework before dinner time. 他经常晚餐前做作业。 He sometimes goes to movies on Friday evening. 他有时周五晚上去看电影。 I hardly /ever eat out at noon. 我很少中午在外就餐。 I never a

5、rrive late for school. 我从没有到校晚过。Seldom/rarelyseldom,表示频率，很少，不常，反义词oftenrarely,很少地，难得地，少见地 He seldom eats breakfast. 他很少吃早餐。I rarely eat in restaurants. 我很少在饭馆吃饭。2. 英语中表次数的用法 once一次, twice两次, three times三次, four times四次 我们可以看出表示次数的词，除了“一次，两次”特殊外，后面的次数都是“基数词+times”构成。 另外同学们还要记住以下词组： once （twice） a day

6、/ week/ month/ year每天（周/月/年）一（两）次3. all, most, some, no 的用法及差异。 all “所有的，全体的” All students do homework after school. Last night, I cooked all the vegetables in the fridge. most “大多数的” Most students play computer games on weekends. some “一些” Some students go to English movies every day. no “没有”，注意这里n

7、o是形容词。 No students read English novels. 我们可以看出： all, most, some, no 放在名词的前面做定语，表示数量的多少。 4. My mother wants me to drink it. 我妈妈想要我喝。 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事。e.g. I want you to help me with my math.我想要你帮我学数学。 5. She says its good for health. 她说喝牛奶对健康有益。 be good for 对有好处。e.g. Eating vegetables and

8、fruit is good for our health. Doing eye-exercise is good for our eyes. 6. How many hours do you sleep every night? 你每天晚上睡几个小时？ 这是一个特殊疑问句。“How many +名词”构成了特殊疑问词。 注意：How many 后跟可数名词的复数形式。e.g. How many apples do you have? How many students are there in your class? 如果名词是不可数名词，要用“How much +不可数名词”。 e.g. H

9、ow much milk do you drink each time? How much water do we need every day? 【课文解析3a】 but Im pretty healthy I exercise every day, usually when I come home from school And my eating habits are pretty good I try to eat a lot of vegetables, usually ten to eleven times a week And I eat fruit every day and

10、I drink milk every day Of course, I love junk food, too, but I try to eat it only once a week, oh, and I sleep nine hours every night So you see, I look after my health And my healthy lifestyle helps me get good grade Good food and exercise help me to study better 1 pretty表示“十分”作副词用，我们以前学过quite和very

11、也有这种意思。其中它们的程度由浅入深为quiteprettyverye.g. He is quite serious It sounds pretty good Nina can sing English songs very well 2I exercise every day, usually when I come home from school 我每天锻炼身体，通常是放学后。 3 eating habits“饮食习惯”。 4 try to do sth意为“尽力去做某事”。 Try to get here early He tried to pass the exam 5 ten t

12、o eleven times a week“每周十到十一次”。 注意这种表达。“to”为介词。 翻译：（1）两到三次。 twice to three times （2）每月四到五次。four to five times a month 6 Of course “当然”。 7 So you see, I look after my health“所以你看，我很在意我的健康”。 look after 意为“照顾、照看”。e.g. Can you look after my baby when I leave? Please look after your own bags carefully lo

13、ok还可以和许多词搭配，但意思不一样。 （1）look at“看，认真地看”。e.g. Please look at the blackboard Some people are looking at the notice （2）look for“寻找”。e.g. Old Henry looked for his dogs, but he didnt find it Im looking for my lost pen 8 Good food and exercise help me to study better好的饮食和锻炼帮助我学得更好。 help sb. to do sth. bett

14、er帮助某人把某事做得更好。e.g.She helps me to know the information for going abroad better.她帮我更好地了解到出国的信息。help sb. with sth.帮某人做某事。e.g.Stella helps me with my history.【重要句型】 1. What do you usually do on weekends? 你通常周末做什么？ 2. I usually play soccer. 我通常踢足球。 3. What does he do on weekends?他周末做什么？ 4. He sometimes

15、watches TV. 他有时候看电视。 5. How often do you shop? 你多长时间购物一次？ 6. I shop once a month. 我一个月购物一次。 7. How often does he watch TV?他多长时间看一次电视？ 8. He watches TV twice a week. 他每周看两次电视。【由how often谈起】我们已经学习了always, usually, often, sometimes, never等表示时间频度的副词。这些词通常用来说明在一段时间内做某事的多少或某种状态存在的次数的多少。例如：We usually get u

16、p at half past six 我们通常六点半起床。Sometimes he goes to see his grandpa on weekends 周末，他有时候去看望爷爷。但是，在日常生活中，我们不可能总是用陈述句来表达自己的或他人的一些行动，或者事物所存在的状态。我们还要向对方提出一些问题，请求对方回答。在这种情况下，我们还要用疑问句。请看下面几组对话：1 How often do you play football? I usually play football after school2 How often does Mary go to the concert? She o

17、ften goes to it on Saturday evening3How often does my daughter take the medicine? Three times a day不知大家是否注意到，我们针对上面所说的频度副词和表示“在某段时间内某种动作的次数”的状语提问时，都要用how often。换句话说，如果要回答由how often提问的句子，我们通常要用频度副词或诸如every day, each week, once a week, twice a day, four times a month等来回答。e.g.4 How often do you borrow

18、books from the library? Twice a month5 How often does your mother do the washing? She does it every day6 How often can you go to the movie? Once a week在大家所做的练习中，常见的有“句型转换”。这种题型有一种“就划线部分提问”，要求针对陈述句中的划线部分提出问题（也就是把陈述句变成特殊疑问句），其中就有针对上面所说的频度副词或every day, each week, once a week, twice a day, four times a

19、month等提问的句子。这时候自然要用how often来提问了。e.g.Jack watches TV three times a week How often does Jack watch TV?Our school has a sports meeting twice a year How often does your school have a sports meeting?要注意的是，陈述句在变成这种特殊疑问句时，其结构是：How often+助动词+主语+实义动词+其它成分？或：How often+系动词 be+主语 +其它成分？How often ?和How long ? 1

20、） How often do you watch TV? 你多长时间看一次电视？ 回答可以是下面的任何一种： Every day./ Once a week./Three times a week./ Often./ 2）How long do you usually watch TV?你通常看多长时间电视？ 回答可以是下面的任何一种： About one hour./ Three hours. / Thirty minutes./ 从以上例句中可以看出： how often 意为“多久一次”；how long 意为“多长时间”。【语法知识聚焦】一般现在时The Simple Present

21、Tense 一般现在时的特殊疑问句 Lets look at the following sentences first（让我们先看看下面的句子）. 1) What do you usually do on weekends? 2) What does he do on weekends? 3) How often do you shop? 4) How often does he watch TV? 5) How many hours do you sleep every night? 一般现在时的特殊疑问句的构成： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 这里的特殊疑问词指 what, what time

22、, where, when, which, who, whom, whose, why, how, how many, how much, how long, how often一般现在时表示现在的状态He is twelve. 他十二岁。They are at home. 他们在家。表示经常性或习惯性的动作I go to school at seven every day.He plays soccer on Sundays.表示主语具备的性格和能力等She likes apples.They speak Japanese.She is medium build.肯定式I am a clea

23、ner.You are right.He / She / It is here.We / You / They are outgoing 否定式I am not aYou are notHe / She / It is notWe / You / They are not否定式和疑问式We go to school at seven every day.We dont go to school at seven.Do you go to school at seven?Yes, we do.（No, we dont.）否定式和疑问式He goes to school at seven ever

24、y day. He doesnt go to school at seven.Does he go to school at seven?Yes, he does.(No, he doesnt.)一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。1. I often read books in the evening2. Do they usually go to school by bike?3. He doesnt like milk. He never drinks it.4. Some

25、times my mother gets back at five.一般现在时常和以下时间表达法连用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,every day,on Sunday(s), at seven 等。Do they have math in the morning?She sleeps nine hours every night.It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.They dont have classes on S

26、undays.动词第三人称单数的构成：1、直接加-slooklooks readreads playplaysstopstops2. 在字母s, x,ch,sh,o后加-esmissmissesfixfixes watchwatcheswashwashes gogoes do-does3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词去y为i，再加-escarry carries study studies hurry hurries cry cries4.特殊的have - has 【语法练习】 选择填空( ) 1.A: How often _ she exercise? B: Twice a week. A.

27、do B. does C. doingD. did( ) 2. I _ like to drink milk.A.not B. doesnt C. dont D. no( ) 3. Good food and exercise _ me to study bettter.A. help B. helps C. helping D. to help( ) 4. Is her lifestyle(生活方式) the same _ yours or different?A. as B. in C. at D. to( ) 5. I like _ for breakfast.A. a bookB. a

28、 rulerC. an egg D. a sofa( ) 6. The _are $21.A. glasses B. shoe C. table D. bike( ) 7. Tennis _ my favourite sport.A. are B. is C. am D. be( ) 8. I have a tennis and my friend Jim _ two tennis rackets.A. have B. play C. plays D. has( ) 9. “Lets play computer games.”“That _ interesting.”A. looks B. s

29、ounds C. listens D. reads( )10. My father likes football. But he _ it. He only _ football matches on TV!A. plays, watches B. play, watchC. doesnt play, watches D. plays, doesnt watch 【参考答案与解题思路】 【参考答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. C【解题思路】1. 本题考查助动词do和does 的用法。在疑问句或否定句中，当主语为第三人称单数时

30、，主动词用does, 因此，答案为B.2.本题考查助动词do和does 的用法。因为 I 不是第三人称单数形式，因此，答案为C.3.此题为判断和理解型试题, Good food and exercise 是两项事物，因此主语不是第三人称单数形式，因此，答案为 A. 4.本题考查固定短语 the same as 的用法，答案为A. 5.本题考查辨认食品类单词, 只有egg是食品, 故答案为C.6.本题考查动词be的用法, 但考察方法与前面第小题不同根据题中的are来判定应该用名词复数故答案为A. 7.本题考查动词be的用法, 虽然tennis是以-s结尾，但是，它是单数名词，因此，答案为B. 8

31、. 本题考查动词have, has的用法，由于Jim 是第三人称单数，所以，答案为D. 9.本题考查交际用语 “That sounds interesting.”的使用，因此，答案为B. 10.本题考查一般现在时的用法，首先根据题中My father likes football.和But的提示, 判定第一个空应选择doesnt play,又根据on TV而得到答案watches, 故答案为C. 【综合能力检测】 一根椐题意和所给的字母提示，填入正确的单词。1. Hamburger is a kind of j_ _ _ food. I hardly ever eat hamburgers.2

32、. I surf the in_ _ _ _ _ _ every day.3. Look! The old people are on the hill_ _ _. They climb the hills once a week.4. Tom studies English best in our class. He has a big v_ c_b_l_r_.5. My grandparents exercise twice a week to st_ _ healthy.6. Some students watch TV three or four t_ _ _ _ a week.7.

33、Does it m_ _ _ a big difference if you eat fruit every day?8. Its very important to have a good eating h_ _ _ _.9. I never go shopping. I cant st_ _ _ shopping.10. She often g_ _ _ to the movies on weekends.二.连词成句1. what, usually, you do, on, do weekends?_?2. how often, your brother, does, take, a,

34、shower?_?3. I, nine , hours, sleep, every , night._.4. Betty, milk, drinks, every, morning._.5. some, students, once, watch, TV, or, twice, a, week._.三.方框选词hardly, cleaning, take, gave, try, to play, visiting, exercises, went , goes1. I _ a shower every night.2. My father _ ever watches TV in the ev

35、ening.3. Thanks for _ me.4. Mary often _ to the movies on weekends.5. Grandma is pretty healthy because she _ every day.6. You must _ to eat less meat.7. I like _ basketball.8. What did you do in summer holidays? I _ to Hongkong with my parents.9. My mother _ me a new bike on my birthday .10.What ar

36、e you doing? We are _ our room.四. 根椐括号中所给提示词语，回答问题。1. What do you usually do on weekends?( climb the hill)_.2. How often do you go to the movies? ( once a year)_3. How often does your brother play soccer? ( three or four times a week)_4. What does your mother do at home? ( watch TV)_5. Are you healt

37、hy? (yes)_ 五.写作根据表格内容写一篇50字的短文。Nameexercisevegetablesfruitmilkjunk foodsleepPeterevery day7 times a weekevery dayevery dayonce a weekninehoursJohnhardlysometimesnevernever3 and 4 times a weekninehoursPeter is pretty healthy. He exercises every day._John is unhealthy . He hardly ever exercises._ 【答案与

38、解析】 一根椐题意和所给的字母提示，填入正确的单词。1. junk 2. internet3. hilltop4. vocabulary 5. stay6. times7. make 8. habit9. stand10. goes 二.连词成句1. What do you usually do on weekends?2. How often does your brother take a shower? 3. I sleep nine hours every night.4. Betty drinks milk every morning.5. Some students watch T

39、V once or twice a week.三.方框选词1. take 2. hardly 3. visiting 4. goes 5. exercises 6. try7. to play8. went 9. gave 10. cleaning解析：1. 本题考查动词短语take a shower 的用法, 由于时间状语为every night,应该用一般现在时。又语为I , 因此答案为take.2. 本题考查短语hardly ever 的用法, 因此答案为 hardly.3for 为介词， 介词的后面应该用动名词， 因此答案为visiting.4. 本题考查短语go to the mov

40、ies 的用法。时间状语为often，应该用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数，故答案为goes.5. 根椐所给词语和题意理解为：grandma 身体健康的原因是每天锻炼身体，因此，本题答案为: exercises.6. must是情态动词，其后应该接动词原形，根椐题意，本题答案为try.7. 动词like 可以构成：like doing sth. 和like to do sth. 意思为：喜欢做某事。本题根椐题意和所给词汇，答案应为to play.8. 根椐题意判断，本题为一般过去时态。故答案为went.9. 根椐题意判断，本题为一般过去时态。又根椐所给的词汇，本题答案为：gave.10. 因为本题为现在进行时态，又题中横线的前面已经有are, 根椐题意，本题答案为cleaning.四. 根椐括号中所给提示词语，回答问题。 1. I usually climb the hill on weekends.2. I go to the movies once a year.3. My brother plays soccer three or four times a week.4. She watches TV at home.5. Yes, I am.解析：3.