备战2011中考英语总复习资料-代词+答案(共13页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上备战2010中考英语总复习资料 代词 1、代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。2、人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)you (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them (他们,她们,它们)1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如:
2、I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗?) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了?) / Thats it.(就那么回事) / Its he!(是他!)2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如:Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) / Help me!(救救我!) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时
3、,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如:-Who is it?(是谁?) Its I/me.(是我。)4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“youheI”的顺序表达。如:Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) Who will go there?(谁要去那儿?) You and me.(你和我)5、 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
4、如:-Whats the weather like today?Its fine. / -Whats the time? Its 12:00. / Its a long way to go. / It took him three days to clean his house. / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space./ We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.3、物主代词:说明事物所属关系的
5、代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复 数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性形容词性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我们的)your(你们的)their (他们的,她们的,它们的)名词性mine(我的)Yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(她的)ours(我们的)yours(你们的)theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如:Is that your umbrella? / I often go to see my aunt on
6、Sundays. / They are their books.2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如:This is your cup,but where is mine? / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如:A friend of mine came to see me yesterday. 试比较 My friend came to see me yester
7、day. (指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)4、反身代词:表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)yourselves(你们自己)themselves (他们/她们/它们自己)1、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如:Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.2、
8、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如:The story itself is good. Only he didnt tell it well.6、 指示代词: 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。单数复数含义this(这个)these(这些)指较近的人和物that(那个)those(那些)指较远的人和物such (这样的人/物)指上文提过的人和物same (同样的人/物)指和上文提过的相同的人和物it (这人/这物)指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如:Whats this? / Th
9、at model plane is made of plastic. (被动句) / Remember never to do such things. / Do the same as the teacher tells you. / -Who is it? -Its me!6、关系代词:用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。1、关系代词who 、which、 that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。 如:The student who is drawing a picture is in Gra
10、de One.2、关系代词who / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? 3、关系代词which 指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:Have you found the book which you lost several days ago?4、关系代词that既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ?7、连接代词:用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句
11、的连接词称连接代词。 英语中连接代词主要有:what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。详见相应从句。8、不定代词:代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。单数含义someanynonone/each(every)oneeither,neithersothe other,another复合不定代词不可数含义muchlittle,a littleall/复数含义manyfew,a fewonesbothothers,the others 注:复合不定代词有12个:something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), a
12、nything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). (1)some和 any 的用法:some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如:I have some work to do today. / They will go there some day. some 用于疑问句时,表建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Would you like s
13、ome coffee with sugar?any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如:They didnt have any friends here. / Have you got any questions to ask?any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(2)no和none的用法:no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如:There is no time left. Please hurry up. / They had
14、no reading books to lend.none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如:None of them is/are in the classroom)/ I have many books, but none is interesting. (3)all和both的用法:all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词;也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如:I know all of the four British
15、students in their school. / -Would you like this one or that one? Both.all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如:All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(4)every和each用法:every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念;each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念;each可以放在
16、名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如:Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干) (5)either和neither的用法:either意思是“两
17、个中间的任何一个”;neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如:I dont care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. / -Will you go there by bus or by car? Neither. I will go there by train.(6)other、the other和another的用法:other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是“另外”、“
18、又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如: Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking./ You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one? / I want another four books.another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。如: This is one o
19、f your socks. Where is the other one? / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.others与the others的主要区别:others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分);the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如:A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them./ Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(7
20、)many和much的用法:many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用;much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如:I dont have many friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友。) /Many died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多) many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或
21、too.如: There are a lot of people on the playground./ They havent got much work to do. / There are too many people in the room.(8)few、little、a few、a little的用法:few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ;few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和
22、定语。如:He is very poor and he has little money. / Dont worry. There is still a little time left./ In that polar region there live few people. / You can get a few sweets from him.(9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在
23、句子中当单数使用。somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中;anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如:Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door. /Di d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?/He has nothing much to do today. (10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、whi
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