英语：选修9-Units1-5全侧知识点汇总(新人教版)(共30页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上选修9 Units1-5全册知识点汇总（新人教版）词汇精讲Unit11. while这个词引导状语从句，但在不同的句中有不同的含义。可以和括号里的词替换。We must strike while the iron is hot. （as）While we dont agree, we continue to be friends. (although)While I admit his good points, I can see his bad. (although)Some people waste while others havent enough. (but

2、)While their country has plenty of oil, ours has none. (but)2. covervt 在不同的句中有不同的含义1. Cover the table with a cloth. (place sth over or in front of)2. He laughed to cover his nervousness. (hide)3. Snow covered the ground. ( lie over the surface of sth.)4. Research that covers a wide field. (include)5

3、. $10 will cover our petrol for the journey. (be enough)6. By sunset, we had covered 30 miles. (travel)7. The job of a journalist is to cover events. (report)3. urgev. “竭力劝告；敦促；催促“1) urge sb. to do He urged her to rest. 他催促她休息。We urged her to reconsider the offer, but she refused. 我们竭力怂恿她再一次考虑这个提议,但

4、她拒绝了。2) urge that +句子（用should+do; should 可以省）We urge that systems (should) be put in place to prevent such accidents.我们要求把各个系统落实好，以防止这类事故。3) urge sth. upon./on sb. “向强调某事”The police are urging caution upon residents in view of the attacks.警察向居民强调要谨防受到袭击。4) urge (sb.) on “鼓励；激励”James father urged him

5、 on from the side of the court.詹姆斯的父亲在法庭的一侧鼓励他。4. devotionn.His motivation to keep trying comes through his devotion to his spiritual leader.他不断努力的动力(动机)来自于他对精神领袖的虔诚。The devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying.把过多的时间用于体育运动就使用于学习的时间太少了【拓展】devote viHe devoted all his ti

6、me to his job. 他把他的全部时间都用在工作上了。devoted adjShe is devoted to her children.她把全部心血都倾注在子女身上。a devoted friend / supporter忠实的朋友/拥护者5. ahead of 介词短语 “（空间、时间）更早，更前；处于领先地位，比。先进”如：London is about five hours ahead of New York.伦敦时间比纽约早五个小时左右。Ahead of us lay ten days of intensive training.我们还有十天的强化练习。He is ahead

7、 of his times.他总是处于时代的尖端。The United States is materially ahead of other countries.其它短语：go ahead “前进; 继续.”get ahead of “胜过;超过”look ahead “向前看；为将来打算”6. overprep.1. The sky is over our heads. “在。上方但不接触”2. A blanket lying over a bed. “附于某人或某物之上并将其部分或全部遮住”3. There is a bridge over the river. “从某物的一边到另一边；

8、横越”4. He fell over the edge of the cliff. “越过某物“5. It costs over ten dollars. “多于，超过（时间、数量、价钱等）”6. He traveled over Europe. “遍及各处或大部分”7. They quarreled over a matter. “因为；关于某事物”8. He spoke to me over the telephone. “通过某物传送”7. forwardadv. “向前；前进；向着将来；向着未来”Move forward carefully or youll slip.From thi

9、s time forward, you are a member of the family.从此以后，你就是这个家庭的一员了。Since you are young, you can only look forward因为你还年轻，你必须长远考虑。adj. “向前的；前进的；前面的; 未来的；过于急切的”；a forward movement 向前运动The forward part of the train is for firstclass passengers only.火车的前部只是头等车厢。forward planning 对未来的计划The child is very forwa

10、rd at walking. 小孩子着急想要学走路。v. “将（信件等）投递到新地址；转递”Please forward this letter to the following address.I am forwarding you an attachment. 我发了份附件给你。类似的词：backward outward westward eastward afterward注意: 有时句意一样，但词性不同。1) He is moving toward me.(介词)2) He is moving forward. （副词）8. entervi/vt 1). “.进入，进来”Soldier

11、s entered the houses, apparently searching for weapons.The war had already entered its third week.2). “开始做某事,开始从事”She had hoped to enter the legal profession.她曾希望能从事法律工作。3). “（使）参加；（使）报名”The competition is free, and anyone over the age of 18 can enter.本次竞赛不收参赛费，任何年满18周岁的人士都可以参加。4). “写入，输入”You enter

12、the customers name on this line.你把客户的名字写在这一行。Enter your user name and password.输入你的用户名和密码。【拓展】1).enter into “正式开始，正式参加”The government had entered into a genuine dialogue with the terrorists.政府已经开始和恐怖分子进行真正的对话。2).enter ones mind/head “（想法）掠过脑海；想到”Why such a strange idea should have entered her head I

13、 cant imagine.我无法想象她会有如此奇怪的念头。3).enter into the spirit (of sth.) “融入某事的气氛中”Unit21. How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented? 在现代精确的导航法尚未发明之前, 你认为航海员是怎样探路的?这是一个“特殊疑问词+do you think”的双重疑问句结构，其后要用陈述句语序。除think以外believe，guess, suppose等词也可以用于此结构。Wha

14、t do you suppose has happened to him?在I thinkbelieveguesssuppose/ imagine等词的句式中，如果从句有否定，否定词应该前移，即否定转移。I dont think he will come（T）I think he will not come （F） invent vt“发明，创作；虚构，杜撰”Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.1876年阿历山大格雷厄姆贝尔发明了电话。The whole story was invented.整个故事是虚构的。【拓展】Inv

15、entor n“发明者，发明家，创造者”invention n“发明，创造；发明”区分：discover：客观存在，被人发现invent： 客观没有，被人发明Gilbert discovered electricity, but Edison invented the electric light bulb.Who discovered America?Who invented the computer?2. We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possi

16、ble to plot a ships position on a map.在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在海上探险的。 may/might well “很可能，极有可能”These are excellent photographs and we may well use them in our magazine.这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上。You might well find that youll need more by the weekend.到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。 主语+thinkfeelmakeconsi

17、der+it +n.adj.+ forof sb. to do其中it为形式宾语，forof引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。I think it important for him to learn English well我认为学好英语对他很重要。I have made it clear that I object to the plan.我已经表明我反对这个计划。3. The voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they d

18、id not have modern navigational aids.17世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海的支配。voyage n./ vi. “航海, 航行”The voyage from England to India used to take six months.过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。go on/make/take a sea voyage去航海旅行【拓展】Voyager n. “航行者, 航海者”区分：trip 指休闲或因商的短途旅行journey 指从一地出发直达目的地的长途陆路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出发点之意。travel 常指到国

19、外或某个遥远的地方去，不强调具体目的地。指具体的旅行时常用复数，用单数一般表示旅行的抽象概念。voyage 强调较远距离的水上或空中旅行或游历。tour 指周游或巡回旅行，常常是访问一系列地方后再回到原出发点。如：We will have a comfortable voyage to the Far East through air.我们乘飞机去远东旅游将会非常舒适。The journey to the seaside will take not more than two days.到海边去旅行最多需要花费两天时间。I at once began making preparations f

20、or a trip home.我马上开始为回家做准备。Our American friends are making a tour of Shanghai.我们的美国朋友正在对上海进行巡回旅行。He came back home after years of foreign travel.在多年的国外旅行后他回到了家。 at the mercy of without any protection against; helpless before “任由摆布；在面前无助”They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather.他们在海上迷失

21、了方向,任凭风和天气的摆布。I dont like to be at the mercy of such a man.我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。【拓展】have mercy on/ show mercy to “对表示怜悯”The terrorists showed no mercy to the hostages.恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。without mercy “毫不留情地”The mother left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy.那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。Its a mercy (that) “(口)幸运的是,

22、幸亏”(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运)Its a mercy the accident happened so near the hospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。Its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt.幸运的是她伤势不重。 even though = even if “虽然,即使” 引导让步状语从句A.引导把握不大或假设的事情Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.即使我们在工作上取得了巨大的胜利，也不能骄傲。He will have p

23、roblems in finding a job even if he can pass the exam.即便他能通过考试，以后找工作也成问题。They wouldnt lose heart even if they failed ten times.即使他们失败十次也不灰心丧气。B.引出事实Even though he was late, he was not criticized by the teacher.他虽然迟到了，也没有挨老师的批评。I can still remember, even though it was so long ago.虽然这是很久以前的事，我还记得。4. i

24、ndicatevt. 后面加宾语从句居多。“暗示；表明；指向，指示”Her tone indicated that she didnt believe a word of my explanation.她的语气暗示她对我的解释一个字也不信。Test results will indicate whether the treatment was successful.测试结果将表明测试结果是否成功。I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.我问他姐姐在哪儿, 他朝对面的商店指了一下。5. closeadj

25、. near in space or time “空间上或时间上靠近的” likely “可能的”careful “小心的”有用词组：close to death “离死亡不远”take a close look at sth. “严密注意某物”keep a close watch/eye on “仔细地看”They chose a spot close to the river for their picnic.他们选择了一个离河不远的地方进行野餐。Your birthday is close to mine.你的生日离我的生日相隔不长。The two countries are close

26、 to signing a peace agreement.两国即将签署和平协议。6. used to do 表过去习惯化的动作或状态be/become/get used to doing/n. 习惯于(to为介词)be used to do 为被动语态，表示“被用来做某事”I used to go swimming on Saturdays but now I dont.Im not used to getting up so early. Cloth is used to make clothes.used to do与 would 用法对比1). used to do表示过去的动作、状态

27、, 重在与现在情况的对比,不一定要有时间状语。would 只表示过去动作的重复, 有明确的时间状语。I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play. 2). 表示过去的习惯, 可互换。When we were very young, we used to/would go skating every winter.注: used to do 的否定式: usednt to do/didnt u

28、se to (usednt也可写作usent.) 疑问式: Did you use to do?/ Used you to do?Didnt you use to do?/ Usednt you to do?7. securev. “保护,使安全”Some measures are needed to secure the bank from a flood.这道堤防需要采取一些措施, 免得被洪水冲坏。We have done our best to secure the embassy against terrorist attacks.我们已尽全力保卫大使馆免受恐怖袭击。【拓展】adj.“

29、 安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 无虑的”Our house is secure from flood.我们的房子没有被淹的危险。No shop can be completely secure against theft.没有哪个商店能完全防止偷窃。security n .“安全，保安，保护”Security was tight during the Presidents visit.总统来访期间，保安工作十分严密。For security reasons the visitors were searched.为了安全起见，来宾受到了检查。8. involvevt. 1) “包括”Most r

30、esearch and development projects involve some element of risk.大都数研究和发展方案都包含一些风险成分。2) involve doing sth. “需要做某事”The job involved working with a software development team.该工作需要与软件开发小组合作。3) “牵涉，牵连，影响”There are reports of a violent incident involving local inhabitants and US troops.有当地居民和美国部队卷入暴力事件的报告。4

31、) 鼓励参与；允许参与”常见短语： involve sb. in sth.Its best not to involve yourself in other peoples private affairs.最好不要参与别人的私事。【拓展】involved adi. “受影响的；牵涉在内的；卷入。的；参与的”常用短语：be/ get/become involved in They became involved in a lengthy dispute.他们卷入了一场旷日持久的纷争中。All the children were involved in the school play.所有的孩子都

32、参加了学校排练的戏剧。be involved with “与。有恋爱关系的”Hes not the sort of guy you want to get involved with.他不是那种你想和他谈恋爱的男人。区分：involve 指必然包括的结果include 指包括属于整体的部分contain 指包含在内或含有几种成分hold 常指含有多少容量，可与contain互换9. randomn. 随意, 任意 adj. 任意的, 随便的, 胡乱的有用词组：make a random choice 任意选择at random = aimlessly; without any plan 随机，

33、随便The travelers at the airport were searched at random.（搜查人员对）机场上的旅客随便选几个人加以搜查。Soiled dishes were piled at random.脏碟子乱七八糟地堆着。10. awkwardadj. “难使用的, 笨拙的, 尴尬的; 棘手的,难处理的”an awkward remark 令人窘迫的评论There was an awkward silence, when no one knew what to say.当谁都不知道说什么时，出现了令人尴尬的沉默。An awkward situation arose

34、during the peace talks.在和平谈判中出现了棘手的情况。常见短语：feel awkward about (doing) sth. “感到很不好意思去做某事”11. referencen. “ 提及, 涉及, 参考, 参考书目, 证明书(人), 介绍信(人)”At the meeting the teacher made references to his heroic deeds.在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。These are reference books for teachers.这些是教师参考书。【拓展】refer v. “提到, 涉及, 查阅, 咨询”The te

35、acher often refers her pupils to this dictionary.老师经常让她的学生查这本字典。Her pupils often refer to this dictionary.她的学会经常查这本字典。Dont refer to it again.别再提那件事。12. preciseadj. “精确的, 准确的”precision n. “精确(性), 精密(度)”A lawyer needs a precise mind.律师需要一丝不苟的精神。A camera is an instrument of precision.照相机是一种精密仪器。 区分accu

36、rate = correct, free of mistakes “准确的,无误的”precise= exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc “精密的，精确的”exact= correct and without mistake (of things that can be measured) “精密的，准确的”13. tendencyn. “趋向, 倾向”Weve noticed a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.我们注意到一种趋势，越来

37、越多的人在家里工作而不在办公室里上班。常见短语：have a tendency to do sth. “倾向于做某事，往往会做某事”Jeans nice but she has a tendency to talk too much.简人倒不错，就是往往太唠叨。14. preparebe prepared to do “ 准备做某事”（思想上准备好了）prepare to do “准备做某事”（强调动作）They are prepared to do it. （准备好或愿意）They are preparing to do it. （正在准备） prepare sth. “准备”prepare

38、 for sth. “为做准备”The teacher is preparing the reviewing exercises, and the students are preparing for the final examination.老师正在准备复习用的练习, 而学生们正在为期末考试做准备。15. drawbackn. “缺点, 毛病;不利因素”One drawback of New York in the summer is the heat.In spite of all its drawbacks, it was a place of quiet peace.The only

39、 drawback of the plan is that it costs too much.【拓展】draw back 动词短语 “退回,往后退”The children drew back from the dog when it barked at them. “不履行(诺言)”He will not draw back from what he has promised16.in addition“另外”There was an earthquake and, in addition, there were tsunamis.除了地震之外，还有海啸。比较：in addition,/i

40、n addition toin addition = as well, besides 相当于副词in addition to = as well as 相当于介词In addition, the owner of the land may charge an extra fee.In addition to swimming, she likes tennis17. cope with“有效地或成功地对付或应付”A family and a full time job are a lot to cope with.照顾家庭并干一份全职工作需要花很多精力。She is not a compet

41、ent driver and cant cope with driving in heavy traffic.她不是一个称职的司机，在交通拥挤时就开不好车。注意：deal with只是采取行动去对付某人或某事，并不考虑成功与否。 Unit31 viaprep “经过；经由；通过”。如：This flight is form Beijing to Sanya via Changsha.Youd better send the letter via airmail.2. do sth. and/or sb. will是一个固定的结构,前面是祈使句，后面是一个一般将来时的句子。 意思是“做，然后/否

42、则就会”。如：Go on a vacation, and youll forget unhappy things. Work hard, or youll fail in the exam.Unit41. date back to “追溯到; 始于”This town dates back to Roman times. date from “追溯到; 始于”My interest in stamp collecting dates from my schooldays.Insurance dating from the 17th century now profits a lot. The

43、present harmony in the factory dates from a sensible agreement on wages and productivity.dated adj. “过时的，陈旧的”Clothing styles became dated very quickly2. bring back1) “归还,带回来”All library books must be brought back before June 20. If youre going to the market please bring me back ten eggs.2) “使回想起”Seeing you brought back many memories. His story brought back our happy childhood together. The river smell brought back a night some years before.3. on a large scale “大面积的;大规模的”They are preparing for war on large scale. The project was undertaken on a large scale.【拓展】scale n.“ 规模” (可数, 不可数)