高考英语短文改错破题技巧(学生用)(共8页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考英语短文改错破题技巧(1) 短文改错题中的常见错误类型1.动词：（1）主要考察能力：时态语态错误、主谓是否一致（第三人称单数）、动词的非谓语形式、固定搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。（2）出题形式：时态混用ie, Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.主谓不一致ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.固定搭配ie, I have give

2、n up somke. The dog doesnt like the smell.练习：1. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon . 2. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. 3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill. 4. Ill send my friend Charlie meet you at the air

3、port. 2. 时态、语态方面的错误 这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态、主动语态与被动语态的误用。做题时，应注意把握文中动词时态的呼应规律，注意把握诸个并列动词的时态、语态的呼应规律。例如: 1. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before. 2. Today，I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college. 3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “Were having

4、 dinner .” 4. sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on. 5. Ill send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived. 3.主谓一致方面的错误 这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词形式的错误。因此做题时，要注意谓语动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如: 1. “I just want to know what the sign say.” 2. Anyone can borrow books if he or she

5、wish. 3. Here are the information about Manchester University. 4. What may surprise you are that Im going to . 4.名词：（1）主要考察能力：名词单复数形式的误用，可数名词与不可数名词的错误，名词所有格中“s”的误置等。（2）出题形式：单复数混用ie, Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.讲解：“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式，应此应该把year改为years。注意：代词单复数混用类似。As for a friendship, we

6、can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.讲解：显然因该把them改为it，指代前面提及的friendship。练习：1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. 2. In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful. 3. . youve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local

7、 ways of life. 4. . but she marked strictly on students actual performance . 5. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 6. There are branch library in many villages. 7. I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. 8. They were eager to know everything a

8、bout China and asked me lots of question. 5.形容词/副词（1）主要考察能力：误用形容词修饰形容词，误用副词修饰名词，误用形容词修饰动词，误用形容词或副词的原级、比较级和最高级以及误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等，特别注意根据上下文该用比较级而未用的“暗中比较”。（2）出题形式：形容词与副词混用。即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词，该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.形容词代替正确副词出现在文章

9、当中ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!”练习：1. They came back lately and had some tea. 2. you always gave me specially attention . 3. . they fly down immediate and catch them without delay. 4. Yes，it is clearly

10、that your life in your country is quite different from . 5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights. 6. Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school. 7. After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. 8. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller bu

11、ilding in New York. 9. As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. 6.介词（1）主要考察能力：这类错误多指漏掉介词、多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等，（特别是与动词的）固定搭配。（2）出题形式：介词省略ie, Im surt you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.介词多余ie,My wife is also happy be

12、cause of I have given up smoking.介词用错(一般为固定搭配)ie, I pick out her false hair and said, “Dont be sad, Miss.”练习：1. The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised . 2. He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 3. After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves . 4. . he c

13、an no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes . 5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street. 6. Could you share your experience for us? 7. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care. 8. Bill insisted in staying near the car. 9. When they ca

14、me down the police were angry to them. 10. Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. 练习： 动词1. He lied down by the side of the path to rest. 2. Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. 3. Books may be keep for four weeks. 4. and let

15、you know when the book you want has returned. 5. Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. 6. They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. 7. Id like to your pen-friend， and get to know more about your country. 8. What your favourite sport？ 9. I use to play ping-pong a

16、lot in my spare time， but now I am interested in football. 10. I was used to watch it every night. 11.There will an important game next month. 12. Because of so much viewing， children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. 13. I followed her advice and should pu

17、t down 100 words or so each day. 14. As we were all left home at an early age. 15. I often dream of a teacher. 主谓一致1. Bill was standing at the side of the car，talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. 2. Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense o

18、f fair play and team spirit. 3. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 4. But then there is always more mysteries to look into. 5. But not all information are good to society. 6. So then， a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. 7. If I listen to my own records， there are

19、 no need to spend money. 8 youwill probably want to join the Stamp Collectors Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. 9. One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out. 时态1. We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop 2. and had returned to the c

20、ar！ Bill is standing at the side of the car 3. Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday，police cars hurry to the4. Today，it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. 5. Also，scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases. 6 . Anyone may borrow books， and it

21、 cost nothing to borrow them. 7 If the book you will want is out， you may ask for it to be called back for you. 8 I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. 9They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time t

22、alking and laughing together. 10I learn about you from my English teacher，Miss Fang. 11My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. 12. I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing and there was no way of settling the matter except by sellin

23、g the set. 13Id like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. It is a very 14I remembered her words and calm down. 15They did not want me to do any work at home； they want me to devote all my time to 16He said he is busy. 17On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scen

24、ery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 18 But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. 19 At once I apologize and controlled myseff at my best till the dinner started.20 Sometimes， we talked to each

25、other very well in class， but after class we become stranger at once. 21 She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbors house. 22 We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. 23 I am always young when I was staying with the

26、m. 24. David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. 25. rather than go into the forest and getting lost. 26. Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. 27. you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will w

27、rite to you. 高考英语短文改错破题技巧(2) 7.连词（1）主要考察能力：前后两句话之间的衔接关系，要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and, or, but, not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as等，though不与but连用，because不与so连用等。（2）常考三种关系：but转折 and并列 because/so因果 ie, One day, my wife and I

28、 went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy. ie,Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers.练习：1. It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the

29、 water. 2. I became very active but made new friends. d 3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite. 4. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediately. 5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again. 6We tried to fix it and there was nothing we

30、could do. 7. I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had. 8. It is a very important exam but I cant afford to fail it. 9. It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. 10. Im the captain of our school team so with my fellow players weve won several games

31、. 8. 冠词（1）主要考察能力：这类错误多指a(n)与the的误用，a与an的误用。有时也表现为:单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词，不该用冠词的地方多了冠词。（2）出题形式：冠词多余ie, I sat in the front of the TV at 7 oclock, when the game just began. 冠词遗漏As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. 练习：1. An American and a Frenchman decided to cross t

32、he sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784. 2. the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with . 3. And if he breaks the law of society ., he may go to the prison. 4. so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun. 5. After a hour or so we b

33、egan to feel very frightened. 6. I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. 7. Good health is persons most valuable possession. 8. Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. 9. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. 9.代词（1）主要考察能力：代词是否多余，以及与反身代词之间的混用。这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代

34、词与名词性物主代词的误用，关系代词、连接代词的误用，代词主格与代词宾格的误用，代词单数与代词复数的误用，各个不定代词之间的误用，反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用，代词的指代错误等。（2）出题形式：代词多余ie, Dont lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, Im sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness.代词混用ie, We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothe

35、rs and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out. 代词遗漏A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. 练习：1. . the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves. 2. a lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait patiently above the sea

36、 for quite a long . 3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，they will go hungry. 4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted. 5. I just smiled to me and thought . 6. your life in your country is quite different from

37、me. 7. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting. 8. David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. 9. When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head. 10. We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe many times. 11. The Smiths did hi

38、s best to make me feel at home. 10.从句（1）主要考察能力：常考that与what或which/how与what之间的转换。（2）出题形式：ie, She never has enough time for that she wants to do. ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area.练习：1. In the last five years that theyve climbed churches, high buildi

39、ngs and television towers. 2. Charles said, “As soon I see a really tall building, I want to climb it. 3. Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. 4.However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives. 5. in other places where you are

40、 limited to a certain number, of which some may be novels. 11. 短语、句型固定搭配错误 主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。 1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. . 2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. 3. I thought that was dull to watch a game 12、缺词考

41、点与多词错误的情形相似，漏词也主要涉及英语中一些“小”词，如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词 be等。具体说来，漏词错误可能涉及的问题有：不及物动词后接宾语时漏加必要的介词，在该带不定式符号to的地方漏加 to，在单数可数名词表示泛指意义时漏加必要的限定词(尤其是漏加不定冠词)，漏掉表特指的定冠词，漏掉被动语态中的助动词 be，漏加系表结构中的连系动词 be，漏加一些常用结构或表达中的介词(如漏掉 a lot of 中的 of，漏掉 because of 中的 of，漏掉 instead of 中的 of等)，漏掉某些从句的“引导词”(通常会导致意义不通)，等等。练习： (1) When

42、 I have free time I go a long walk. (2) Charles said, “As soon I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it. (3) The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. (4) In some places you may borrow many books as you want. (5) I had always wanted r

43、eturn to the village after moving away. 13. 多词考点多词错误主要涉及英语中一些“小”词，如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词 be、比较级more等。具体说来，多词错误可能涉及的问题有：及物动词后接宾语时误加介词，在该用动词原形的地方误加不定式符号to，在物质名词、抽象名词、复数名词等表示泛指时误加定冠词，在一些可直接用作状语的短语前误加介词in, on, for 等，误加一些导致语义重复的小词(如two 与both连用，all 与whole 连用等)，在本身已是比较级的词前误加more，在不是从句的地方误加从句“引导词”，在一些习惯用语和固定表

44、达中误加不该用的“小词”(如冠词、介词、副词等)，等等。练习：(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. (2) Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. (3) In the last five years that theyve climbed churches, high buildings and television towers. (4) Most people

45、 can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital when they are ill. 英语短文改错练习(一)I often dream ofa teacher, I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls . I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up. I am always young when I was

46、staying with them. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. Youhave to learn in order to teach. Without enough knowledge, you can never learn well .What is more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.Only in this way can you be good teacher and win respect from them. Though I am a student now, I will work as very hard to