塔拉庄园上火红的玫瑰-以女性主义视角分析斯嘉丽·奥哈拉.docx

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1、- 学校代码 | 10165 Ilf 坪範大學 硕 士 学 位 论 文 塔拉庄园上火红的玫瑰 -以女性主义视角分析斯嘉丽 奥哈拉 The Scarlet Rose of Tara-An Analysis of Scarlett Oara from the Perspective of Feminism 申请人姓名 朱川 学科专业 英语语言文学 指导教师 蔡殿梅 年 级 2008 _ 2011 年 3 月 The Scarlet Rose of Tara-An Analysis of Scarlett OHara from the Perspective of Feminism A Thesis

2、 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS School of Foreign Languages LIAONING NORMAL UNIVERSITY 2011 . 学位论文独创性声明 .本人承诺：所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下所取得的研究成果。论文中除特 别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含他人和其他机构已经撰写或发表过的研究成果，其 他同志的研究成果对本人的启示和所提供的帮助，均己在论文中做了明确的声明并表示 谢意。 学位论文作者签名： 卜 ) 学位论文版权的

3、使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解辽宁师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，及学校有 权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交复印件或磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本文授权 辽宁师范大学，可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库并进行检索，可以采 用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文，并且本人电子文档的内容和纸质 论文的内容相一致。 保密的学位论文在解密后使用本授权书。 学位论文作者签名： 、卜 ) 指导教师签名 : 签 名 曰 期 ： 年 f 月曰 飘不仅是一部爱情小说，还是一部表现美国南北战争前后人们生活及心理变化 的作品。其中描写的妇女所表现出的智慧 和勇气丝毫不亚于男人，甚至超过男

4、人在 当时男女所处的不平等的时代中，飘被认为是一部具有早期女性主义思想的小说。 尤其是飘的女主人公斯嘉丽 奥哈拉，她颠覆了传统的女性形象，一方面，她有 着漂亮的容颜，这激发了男性对女性的保护意识，另一方面，她坚强，反叛，在遇到 困难时，斯嘉丽肩负起为家人和朋友排忧解难的重任。 百多年前，玛格丽特 米歇尔创 造了这样一个勇敢，无畏的女性形象，从她反抗主流价值观，争取自己作为女性应该有 的权利和地位来看，斯嘉丽已具有了早期的女性主义意识并将它付诸于实践中。 本文运用女性 主义这一文学批评理论来分析飘，从分析斯嘉丽的性格及情感入 手，进而探索她在男权制社会下的性别身份和女性权利。 本文共分五部分，第

5、一部分是介绍，在这一部分中，主要介绍了作家及作品和国内 外对飘的研究。第二部分是理论基础，在这里介绍了女性主义理论及飘中所体 现出的女性主义思想。第三部分聚焦于斯嘉丽的性格和两段爱情经历，探讨了两性关系 中女性与外部世界的冲突与和解。第四部分聚焦与斯嘉丽的身边重要的三个人的死亡， 来探讨女性的特殊的性别身份与地位。 通过以上的论述和分析，本文得出的结论，那就是为了解决上 述提到的问题，女性必 须在各种关系中保持独立的人格才能获得社会和家庭中的平等地位。 关键词：斯嘉丽 奥哈拉；女性主义批评；独立 Abstract: Gone with the Wind is not only a love d

6、rama, but also a book that reflects the change of life and psychological experience for the people in the Old South during the civil war. Women in Gone with the Wind show strength and intelligence that equals or bests the strength and intelligence of men. Despite the severe gender inequality of thei

7、r time, Gone with the Wind is a novel with the premier feminist ideology. Especially for the female heroine Scarlett OHara， a female character that totally overthrows the traditional image of woman. In one side, Scarlett has beautiful appearance which stimulates the male protective desires for woman

8、; on the other side, she is tough, rebellious; and when hardships plague Scarlett, she shoulders the troubles of her family and friends. One hundreds years ago, Margaret Mitchell creates a brave and fearless female character, Scarlett OHara .who is the heroine with the premier feminist ideology and

9、also put this into practice from her fighting against the mainstream values and pursuing her own rights and positions as a woman. This thesis employs the feminist literary critical theory, and explores Gone with the Wind in the feminist angle of view. Proceeding from analysis of the personality and

10、love of Scarlett Oara, this thesis tries to explore the gender identity and female rights in the patriarchy society. This thesis consists of five parts. Chapter 1 is an introduction. In this part, the author briefly introduces Margaret Mitchell and her novel and the studies on it at home and abroad.

11、 Chapter 2 is theoretical foundations. In this part the author introduces the feminist theory and the feminist and female characters in Gone with the Wind. Chapter 3 focuses on the personality and love of Scarlett Oara, explores the collision and compromise between the bio-sexual relationships. Chap

12、ter 4 focuses on the death of three important persons in Scarlett OHaras life, and the author tries to explore the issues of gender identity and female positions in this part. The last part Chapter 5 is conclusion. Through the exploration and analysis above, this thesis arrives at the conclusion tha

13、t in order to solve the problem mentioned above, woman has to keep independent personality in different relationships, only through this way they could attain the equal positions in society and family. Key words: Scariett OHara; Feminist criticism; Independence; 摘要 : . Abstract: . Chapter 1 Introduc

14、tion II 1.1 An introduction to the Author and the Novel Gone vith the Vind. 1 1.2 Studies on the Novel u Gone with the WincT at Home and Abroad . 2 1.2.1 The Latest Research Findings at Home . 2 1.2.2 The Latest Research Findings Aboard . 5 1.2.3The Significance of the Research and the Proposition o

15、f the Main Argument . 8 Chapter 2 Theoretical Foundations . 9 2. IThe Theory of Feminism . 9 2.1.1 The Definition of Feminism . 9 2.1.2 The History and Development of Feminism . 10 2.1.3 The Perspectives and Ideologies of Feminist Literary Criticism . . 11 2.2 Feminism and Major Female Characters in

16、 Gone with the Wind . 13 Chapter 3 Scarlett s Personality and Love . 15 3.1 Scarlett s Personality . 15 3.2 Scarlett s Love for Ashley Wilkes . 20 3.3 Scarlett s Love for Rhett . 24 Chapter 4 The Death of Beloved Persons . 33 4.1 The Death of Father . 33 4.2 The Death of Frank Kennedy . 35 4.3 The D

17、eath of Melanie . 37 Chapter 5 Conclusion . 41 Works Cited . 43 辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文 Chapter 1 Introduction In this chapter, firstly I introduce the famous American writer Margaret Mitcheirs life and writing experience. Secondly, I draw a conclusion about the studies of her famous novel (?oc with the Wind b

18、y the critics at home and abroad in great detail. Finally, I indicate the intention and significance of my dissertation. 1.1 An introduction to the Author and the Novel Gone with the Wind Margaret Mitchell was bom in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1900. Her father was a lawyer and the president of the Atlanta

19、 Historical Society, and her mother was a suffragette (a woman in support of extending the right to vote, especially for women) and an advocate of womens right. Mitchell attended Smith College, a womens college in Northampton, Massachusetts. And she came back to Atlanta and started to live a lifesty

20、le which was considered to be wild by the standards of the 1920s. After the first disastrous marriage, she began to be a journalist and married an advertising executive named John Robert Marsh. In 1926, Mitchell started to write the novel Gone with the Wind. She had written nine drafts, which is an

21、epic masterpiece against the Civil War background which she knew through other people. It takes Margaret Mitchell seven years to write this novel, and it is also her only novel, though she also has written nonfiction. Gone with the Wind sells more than 30 million copies, and becomes one of the most

22、popular books of all time. Time Magazine included the novel in its TIME 100 Best English-Language Novel from 1923-2005. (Arehart: 20) As several elements of Gone with the Wind have parallels with Margaret Mitchells own life, her experiences may have provided some inspirations for the stoiy in the co

23、ntext. Mitcheirs understanding of life and hardship during the American Civil war, for example, came from elderly relatives and neighbors passing war stories to her generation. While Margaret Mitchell used to say that her Gone with the Wind characters were not based on real people, modem researchers

24、 have found similarities to some of the people in Mitcheirs own life as well as to individuals she knew or she heard of.( Comell:20) Gone with the Wind was published in 1936; ten years after Mitchell started writing it. As an overwhelming success on publication, this novel became one of the bestsell

25、ers of all time. It won the 1937 Pulitzer Prize. And David O. Selznick has made the film version of the novel well-known and popular. But Margaret Mitchell was not happy about her sweeping popularity of Gtwe /. She is uncomfortable to live a life in the spotlight of other people. Gone with the Wind

26、is her only novel. After that, Mitchell has taken part into some volunteering works during World War II and her life was enriched through this. In 1949, Mitchell died of a car struck while she was crossing Peachtree Street in Atlanta. The Scarlet Rose of Tara-An Analysis of Scarlett OHara from the P

27、erspective of Feminism 洲 e 奶 m/ is a romantic novel written by Margaret Mitchell. The setting is in Jonesboro and Atlanta, Georgia during the civil war and Reconstruction. The novel illustrates the struggles of the southern people in the Civil War, especially focusing on the women in the south. It w

28、as in southern women that the deep hatred the war engendered came to nest for real in the years of Reconstruction. The women of the South are the only American women to know the hard truths of war first-hand. They went hungry just as their men did on the front lines in Wginia and Tennessee, and suff

29、ered a lot when their men failed to come home for the growing seasons. The men of Chancellorsville, Franklin and the Wilderness seemed to have left some residue of the fury on the smoking, blood-drenched fields in battles, whose very names became sacred in the retelling. But southern women, forced t

30、o live with that defeat, had to build granaries around the heart to store the poisons that the glands of rage produced during that war and its aftermath. What the women of the South brought to peacetime was Scarlett OHara memory of exactly what tiiey had lost 1.2 Studies on the Novel 一 uGone with th

31、e Wind99 at Home and Abroad As a well-known novel about the entire way of life in the antebellum South, Gone with the Wind has been studied and analyzed by many critics. The following are the latest findings to her works at home and abroad. 1.2.1 The Latest Research Findings at Home In our country,

32、Gone with the Wind is more acceptable to the public not as a novel but as a well-know movie directed by David 0. Selznick. Even though Margaret Mitchell won the Pulitzer Prize for her excellent description of the Old South and the touching love story between Rhett and Scarlett, many researches on th

33、is novel is still on the surface in China. Up to now, some new findings and analysis are released, especially the character of Scarlett OHara is mostly been mentioned. Zhao Junbo from Zhejiang Institute of Media and Communication in his article Analysis of Scarlett Oara in the Feminist Approach Base

34、d on the Novel Gone with the Wind published in Science and Technology Information in 2009 analyze the theme in three aspects. He mentioned that the feminism as a literary critical theory comes to its peak in the sixties of the twentieth century. If we use the feminist approach and standpoint to anal

35、yze works, we will find out that Scarlett is a woman of great strength overcoming all odds to care for her family and relatives. She marries a man she does not love in order to get the money to save Tara, their plantation. Scarlett disregards public opinions, running the sawmill to keep the financia

36、l stability of her family in the war time. Against by her relatives and servants, Scarlett v/orks in the cotton field. More astonishingly, though， is at the moment Scarlett kills a Yankee who has threaten the safety of her family. Zhao Junbos dissertation can be divided into three aspects: Scarlett

37、rebelling against the orthodoxy and her growth, the love of Scarlett, and the conclusion. In the first part, the 辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文 contribution of the writer is that he tries to explore the growing experience of the heroin from childhood to womanhood in the feminist angle, Mfor the growth of Scarlett Oar

38、a, firstly, the civil war could be seen as a chance for Scarlett to become a public character and also a stage provided for her to bring into play the potentiality of management and interpersonal relationship skills. Secondly, the Irish blood lineage inherited from her father and the pioneering spir

39、it from the Puritanism tradition, these two spiritual and psychological motivations make Scarlett as a woman of advanced feminist virtues contrasted vividly with the other stereotyped women images in the novel. As the early puritan immigrants, in order to construct their family in an infertile land,

40、 the spirit of independence and individuality are the essential quality to be possessed with. Scarlett embodies the efficiency priority of United States and the Landownership value of Ireland, transcending the expectation for the traditional female, and thus she is a woman with the awakening feminis

41、t consciousness.H (Zhao Junbo: 138) In his second part, the write explore the love experience of Scarlett with her three husbands, and in the final par of it is about the conclusion of the passage. There is one important issue he tries to demonstrate in his conclusion, that is we should read Gone wi

42、th the Wind in different historical background, from the perspective of a woman in the 1930s, the female characters as strong as Scarlett, would have set a positive example to inspire the women in that age. Because the women reading or watching the movie are at the time of the Great Depression, they

43、 may gain strength form Scarlett directly and indirectly. Scarlett famous quotation Tomorrow is another day!M is true with most of the audience. Similarly, another article written by Linwei from Fujian Normal University publishing in 2009 also analyzes Scarlett in the feminist approach. In this arti

44、cle, the author reveals the theme that Scarlett OHara who dares to overthrow the convention and restriction for an up-class lady in the nineteenth century of America is the most rebellious protagonist that Mitchell have ever written. Mitchell has put her understanding of feminism into creating the c

45、haracter, whose feminist spirit has inspired thousand of women in the twentieth century to break through rigid control in the man-dominated culture and to bravely pursuit their own happiness and self-realization. That is the essential reason why the characterization of Scarlett OHara has been hailed

46、 as a triumph of American literature and movie. Besides, Lin WeiJs article is well-structured and systematically in ideas. She divided her dissertation into four parts, the enduring glamour of Gone with the Wind-, and the feminism reflected in Scarlett; the virtues and qualities of Scarlett; the conclusion. I want to mention the second part here which is the most contributable to her theme. In the second part of her paper, she analyzes Scarletts life experience