人教新目标2014春八年级下册unit10全单元知识点和练习(共9页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1. Ive had it for three years. 我拥有它三年了。【解析】for +一段时间，表示动作持续一段时间，用于现在完成时。( ) She_ her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her. A. has been away from B. has left C. had left D. had been away( ) Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he _ in Shiyan for five years. A. was teaching B. ha

2、s taughtC. will teachD. taught2. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories. 艾米想保留她的那些旧东西，因为它们能使她想起甜蜜的回忆。【解析1】keep (kept ; kept) 保留keep 用法归纳如下： ( 1 ) 用作系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，其后常接形容词作表语。 e.g. Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静！ ( 2 ) 用作实义动词，1) 保管；保存；保留 e.g. Please keep these th

3、ings for me while I am away. 2) 赡养；饲养 e.g. I used to keep sheep in my childhood. 3) 坚持；继续， 接V-ing 形式作宾语。 e.g. If you keep practicing your spoken English, youll soon make great progress. 4) 阻止；阻碍 keep sb/sth from doing sth 意为“阻止做某事”，其中介词 from 不能省略。 e.g. The heavy rain didnt keep them from watching th

4、e football match. 5) 保持。其后常接复合宾语，表示使（某人或某物）保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。 keep + sb/sth + 介词。 e.g. If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. keep + sb/sth + 形容词。 e.g. These gloves will keep your hands warm. keep + sb/sth + V-ing ，“让某人 / 某物一直”，强调动作的持续性。 e.g. Im sorry Ive kept you waiting. 很抱歉，让你久等了。 【短语】 k

5、eep a record 保持记录， keep in touch (with)保持与的联系 keep out (of) 把关在外面， keep up 保持；使不能入睡 keep ones / an eye on密切注视 keep away (from) 离开 keep in mind 牢记 keep ones word 遵守诺言( ) Did you borrow the comic book from the library? Yes. I_ it for three days. Ill return it this afternoon. A. borrowed B. kept C. hav

6、e borrowed D. have kept【解析2】 bring back (v+adv) 使回想起；使回忆起( ) Our excellent service _our guests _ year after year. A. bring; down B. bring; back C. bring; in D. bring; up 3. You can also give old things away to people in need. 你也能捐赠旧东西给那些需要的人们。【解析】 in need 需要；需求【拓展】in danger 在危险中 in trouble在困境中 in si

7、lence 在沉默中 in good health 在好的健康状态中A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情4. Because I dont read it anymore . 因为我不用再读了。【解析】no more ;not any more/ no longer ;not. any longer意为“不再” 词语同义词用法no longernot any longer强调时间或动作“不再延续”，与延续性动词连用no more not any more强调数量和程度“不再增加”，与非延续性动词连用位置区别： 当修饰动词时，no longer通常

8、置于be或行为动词前；no more一般置于行为动词后。 notany longer与not. any more常置于句末。e.g. He can no longer walk. = He cant walk any longerThe little girl no more cried. = The little girl didnt cry any more.( ) It is late. We can not wait him _. A. any more B. no more C. more D. no longer5. Because Ive had it since I was a

9、 baby. 因为自从我很小的时候我就有它了。【解析】Since +从句（一般过去时），主句用现在完成时 e.g. He has studied very hard since he came to our school.【辨析】since 与for 在现在完成时态中的用法：since其后接时间点或时态为一般过去时的句子，表示“某事是从什么时候开始”。Ive been a soldier since two years ago.for其后接时间段，表示“某事持续了多长时间”。Ive been a soldier for two years.( ) My grandmother _ a lot

10、of changes in Tianjin since she came here. A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen( ) I _ many new friends since I came here. A. make B. made C. will make D. have made( )_ have you been in the sports club? Since the first month I came to the school. A. How old B. How long C. How much D. How soon6

11、. I have something for the kids. 我有一些孩子们的东西。【解析】for 给；为了1) 为了(表目的)e.g. They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。2) 为，为了(表利益)。 e.g. What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？( ) The chemicals in the vegetables and fruit are bad _ our health. A. from B. with C .of D. for( ) What did you get _ your mother _ Mothers Day?

12、A beautiful card and a scarf. A. for; in B. for; on C. to; for D. to; in( ) It is reported that a lot of adults take lessons online _ further education. A. after B. to C. with D. for7. Ive had this magazine for a couple of months. 我拥有这本杂志已经几个月了。【解析】a couple of = a few几个；一些，后接可数名词复数a couple of “一对”，优

13、指夫妻、情侣e.g. Ill be back in _days. (几天)8. The stories inside may be a bit old, but theyll still interesting. 里面的故事或许有点老，但它们仍然很有趣。【解析】a bit /a little辨析：1) a bit和a little在肯定句中, 修饰动词、形容词、副词和比较级，意为“一点儿”。 e.g. The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演讲者把嗓门提高了一点儿,以便使别人听

14、得更清楚。 2) a little可以直接作定语修饰名词，a bit修饰名词，需后面加of构成短语，两者都只能修饰不可数名词。 e.g. There is a little/a bit of food left for lunch. 午饭只能吃剩下的一点食品了。 9. And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.【解析】check out 查看；观察 check v. 检查Please _(检查)your test paper before you hand it in.( ) I will meet Jane

15、at the station, Please_ what time she will arrive. A. count B. choose C. check D. catch( )Julie said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it? Oh, really! I havent _ my mailbox yet. A. examined B. reviewed C. tested D. checked10. My children are growing up fast. 我的孩子们成长的很快。【解析】grow up

16、 成长 （常用于指人或动物）( ) When I grow up, I want to be a teacher. A. give up B. put up C. get older D. get younger11. So weve been clearing out a lot of things from our bedroom for a yard sale. 所以，我们正从卧室里清理出许多东西来办一场庭院拍卖会。【解析】clear out 清理；把清空clean up 清理；使整洁e.g. Please clear out the cupboard. 12. Weve decided

17、 to each sell five things we no longer use. 我们已经决定每人卖出去五件我们不用的东西。【解析】decide v. 决定 decision n 决定 1) decide to do sth= make up ones mind to do sth 决定做某事 2) make a decision 做决定 My mother has decided _(take) me to acting lessons. ( ) My brother makes up his mind to study medicine. A. decided B. needs C.

18、 decides D. has( ) The classroom was so dirty, I decided _. A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it D. to clean up it( ) The children decide _ their school yard this Friday afternoon. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned13. For example, hes owned a train and railway set since his four

19、th birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven.例如，从他四岁生日以来，就已经拥有了这列火车和铁轨的组合，大约七岁之前他几乎每周都要玩这个玩具。【解析】own v. 拥有owner n. 物主of ones own 某人自己的 the owner of 的所有者Who is the _(own) of the bike?I want to see it with _( I ) own eyes.14. And he didnt want to lose the toy monkey he

20、s had since then, 并且他也不想失去自从他出生就拥有的那个玩具猴。【解析】lose (lost, lost) 失去 e.g. I hope we wont lose the competition.My daughter was more understanding , although she felt sad to part with certain toys.我女儿比较通情达理，尽管要失去某些玩具也让她感到难过。【解析1】part with 与分开；失去（尤指舍不得的东西） e.g. They were sorry to part with the old house.(

21、 ) She felt sad to part with her lovely dog. A. find B. lost C. lose D. found【解析2】certain ( 1 ) 某种； 某事；某人 （在句中只能做定语，常与不定代词a连用，可修饰单、复数名词） e.g. A certain person called on me yesterday. ( 2 ) adj. 确实的，无疑的1) be certain of sth对某事有把握 e.g. They are certain of success. 他们有信心取得成功。2) be certain to do sth 肯定做某

22、事 e.g. He is certain to come. 他肯定会来的。3) be certain +that意为“确信” e.g. Im certain that hell come. 我确信他会来的。( ) He is certain _ to ninety. A. live B. of live C. to live D. to living.15. As for me, I didnt want to give up my football shirts , but , to be honest, I havent played for a while now. 对于我来说，我不想放

23、弃我的足球衫，但说实话，现在我有段时间没踢足球了。【解析1】as for 至于；关于 （后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语） e.g. As for computer, Im not telling you anything.( ) _ the doctors, the most beautiful teacher Zhang Lili is out of danger. We wish her to live a healthy and happy life in the future. A. In front of B. Thanks to C. As for D. Across from【解析

24、2】 to be honest = to tell (you) the truth老实说；说实话【拓展】honest adj. 诚实的（反）dishonest adj. 不诚实的an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩【注】honest 以元音音素开头，所以前面的定冠词要用an.He is a _ (honest) boy. We all dont like him.She is an _ (honest) girl. We all like her.Tom likes to tell lies, he is_ (honest)( ) We should be honest to every

25、one. We shouldnt tell lies. A. dishonest B. true C. truth D. truthful【解析3】for a while 一会儿 e.g. She likes to lie down for a while after lunch.17. What will they do with the money they raise from the sale? 他们要用卖东西筹集来的钱做什么？【解析】do with 处理；对付（某人或某物）deal with 和do with的用法比较：do with “处理；安置”，强调处理的对象，常与what连用

26、I dont know what to do with these letters.deal with “处理；应付”，强调处理的方式、方法，常与how连用He taught me how to deal with pressure.( ) We cant decide what will happen in our life, but we can decide how we will _it. A. agree with B. begin with C. deal with D. come up with( )_ do you _ your broken watch? I am going

27、 to take it to the watchmakers . A. How; do with B. What; deal with C. How; deal with D. What; did with 18. We can often guess what a text is about by using what we already know.我们通常可以用原有的知识来猜测一篇文章写的是什么。【解析】by的用法： ( 1 )by doing sth 通过方式 e.g. by studying with a group注：介词短语作方式状语，回答以How开头的问句， 表示“怎样做”。I

28、 study English by _(listen) to the tapesTom learns Chinese by _(watch) Chinese movies.( )_ did you get there? By _ a taxi. A. How; taking B. How; take C. How; took D. What; taking( 2 ) by+ 交通工具（交通工具前不能加限定词） by bike by train【短语】by the way 顺便问一下 by accident= by chance 偶然地 by mistake 错误地 one by one 一个接

29、一个 step by step 一步一步地 little by little 逐渐地by the time 到为止 by oneself 独自地 by and by 不久之后 by hand 用手 by the end of 到末尾( ) The experts think that Indias population may be than Chinas 2012.A. much; by B. more; in C. larger; by D. larger; on( ) Lin Lin often practices English _ chatting with her American

30、 friend. A. in B. by C. for D. with( ) I usually go to school _ bike. but sometimes I go to school _ foot. A. with; on B. on; by C. on; with D. by; on( )How do you learn English words?_ making flashcards. A. To B. By C. For D. With19. Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for

31、 work in the cities. 如今，数百万的中国人离开农村到城市去寻找工作。【解析】search v. 搜索；搜查 research v. 研究，调查 search for 寻找；搜寻 e.g. They searched for him.( ) Millions of students want to search for good jobs in big cities. A. reach for B. look for C. care for D. find for20. Among these is Zhong Wei a 46-year-old husband and fa

32、ther.钟伟就是其中的一个人，他46岁，身为人夫和人父。【解析】 among prep在（其中）； 之一among 介词，表示在三个或三个以上的人或物之中The girl disappeared among the crowd.between介词；表示两者之间betweenand I sit between Sue and Jane.( ) The workers will build a new railroad _ the two cities. A. since B. between C. among D. during.( ) His grade in the exam put hi

33、m _ the top students in his class. A. between B. over C. among D. above21. He has lived in Wenzhou for the last 13 years. 他最近13年都生活在温州。【解析】last 1) adj. 刚过去的；最后的 last time at last 最后 2) v. 持续 （可以跟一段时间连用） e.g. The marriagelasted for less than two years. 这段婚姻维持了不到两年。22. I used to return home at least o

34、nce a year, but I havent been back for almost three years now. 过去我至少一年回一次家，但是我差不多三年没有回去了。【解析1】return ( 1 ) v. 回；返回 e.g. He returned home yesterday.( 2 ) v. 归还；放回 e.g. He returned her book【解析2】be back 返回 （强调状态，若表示“回到某地” 则要在其后加介词to）e.g. We are all happy to be back to school after the long holiday.【短语】

35、 get back 回去 come back 回来give back 归还 look back 回顾 23. Its a shame, but I just dont have the time.说起来真惭愧，但是我实在没有时间。【解析】 shame n. 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧Its a shame to do sth 做某事是可耻的 e.g. Its a shame to lie. 撒谎可耻。【拓展】在口语中常用“ Thats a shame! / Its a shame! /What a shame!” 真遗憾；多可惜啊e.g. She has failed her test again. T

36、hats a shame!( ) _! You are leaving a good job. A. What a shame B. How nice C. Have a good time D. Congratulations( ) Oh, no! Its raining . We cant go skating on the square. _! A. What a shame B. Well done C. What a surprise D. How wonderful24. Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest h

37、ow their hometowns have changed. 许多像钟伟那样的人视他们家乡发生了什么变化为最大的兴趣。 【解析】 regard 将认为，把视为regardwith 对持某种态度 regard as 把当作e.g. I regard you as my friend. ( ) Dont _ others _ fools! They know the truth of the matter. A. remember; to B. regard ; with C. take; for D. regard ; as25. I noticed thats true of my hom

38、etown. 我注意到我的家乡就是这样的” ,钟伟又说道。【解析】be true of 符合于；对适用( ) It can be true _ helping each other. A. for B. with C. from D. of 26. Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid 20th century.在我那所曾经上过的，自20世纪中期就建起来的旧小学里，孩子们已经学会了读书和数数。【解析1】count v. 数数 e.g. The little girl can

39、count.【解析2】century n. 百年；世纪 世纪的表达法：表示多少世纪要用序数词，序数词前一定要加the.【结构1】in the + 序数词 + century 意为“在世纪” e.g. He was born in the 20th century.表示某世纪某年代，首先要用定冠词，然后在年代后加s.【结构2】“世纪年代” the 1860s 19世纪60年代The Eiffel Towel, a cultural icon of France, was completed at the end of the _ (nineteen) century. 27. According

40、 to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change.然而据钟伟说，一些事情将永远不会改变。【解析】according to + 名词 依据；按照 ( ) _ the new traffic laws, people mustnt drive after drinking wine or beer. A. According to B. According as C. According for D. Accord to _(根据) the survey, many students were willing to work hard to

41、 achieve their aims.28. In my hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school. 在我的家乡，学校对面有一棵很大、很古老的树。【解析】opposite ( 1 ) prep. 对面的；另一边的 = across from.e.g. We live on the opposite side of the street. 我们住在街道的对面。( 2 ) adj. 相对的；相反的( ) There is a bank across from the hospital. A. near B. next to C.

42、 behind D. opposite29. It is still there and has become quite a symbol of the place.它仍在那里，并且已经成为那个地方的一个标志。【解析】a symbol of 的象征e.g. Blue is a symbol of peace. 30. Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree, especially during the summer holidays. 在我童年时代，大部分孩子都喜欢在那棵大树下一起玩耍，特别是暑假期间。【解析1】in ones time = in ones life在某人一生中 e.g. In my time, my happiest thing is that I met you. 我一生中最好的事就是遇见你。【解析2】especially 尤其；特别；格外，侧重强调某物超过其他全部，突出特别的程度。 e.g. He is especially busy this week.specially = on purpose 着重为了某一目的而“专门地、特别地”( ) I like the county _ in spring.