高中英语人教版必修5知识点汇总(共16页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上必修 5Unit 1 Great scientists核心单词1. characteristicn.特色；特性；典型adj.特有的，表示特性的；典型的Kindness is one of his characteristics.和善是他的特性之一。A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.骆驼的一个特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。易混辨析character/characteristic character n.性格，品质（本身具有的）；角色，人物；字

2、体，字符characteristic n. 特点，特征（用以区别于其他事物的）2. defeat vt.击败；打败；使（计划、希望）落空Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0.我们队以五比零的比分战胜了对手。He was defeated in his plan.他的计划失败了。易混辨析 defeat/conquer/overcome三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”的意思。 defeat指“赢得胜利”，尤其指军事上的胜利，如：defeat the enemy(打败敌人)。conquer指“征服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情的控制，如：conquer nat

3、ure（征服自然）。overcome指“战胜；压倒；克服”，尤其指“感情”，如：overcome difficulties（克服困难）。defeat/beat/win defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如：beat the competitor/the country/the team .打败对手/国家/团队win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如：win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship

4、/reward .赢得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏3. attend v. 注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with；出席；到场；照看；照料=take care=look after常用结构：attend school/college 上学/上大学attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼/参加典礼attendance n. 出席；出席的人数；伺候；照料 Well attend to the problem later. 稍后我们将关注这个问题。 Which doctor is

5、attending you? 哪个医生为你看病?4. exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”。常用结构：expose sth./sb./oneself (to .) 显露或暴露于be exposed to 暴露于Dont expose it to the rain/wind.别让它被雨淋/风吹。The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemys fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。 The crime of the corrupt officials mu

6、st be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。 5. curevt.&n. 治愈，治疗；常用于“cure sb. of .”结构中。The doctor cured her of a bad cold.医生治好了她的重感冒。It is possible to cure the sickness.治愈这种疾病是可能的。易混辨析cure/treat/heal/recovercure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。heal意为“治愈（

7、伤口）；医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。recover意为“痊愈,复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。That pill cured my headache.那种药片治好了我的头疼。That will cure him of his bad habits.那将改正他的坏习惯。There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.只有两名医生来治疗50多个病人。The wound on my arm has healed.我胳膊上的伤已痊愈了。Hes now fully recover

8、ed from his bad cold.他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。6. absorbvt. 吸收；吸引；吸收（液体，气体，光，声等）；汲取，理解（知识等）；使全神贯注；吸引（注意等），后常接介词in/by；合并（公司等）；吞并；常接介词into；承受；经受。联想拓展absorbed adj. 精神集中的 absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的absorb from sth. 从中吸收 be absorbed in 专心于，全神贯注于Cotton gloves absorb sweat.棉手套吸汗。 So many good ideas! Its too much for me to

9、absorb all at once. 这么多好主意！我很难一下子完全吸收。The old man was completely absorbed in the book.老人全神贯注地读这本书。The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city. 四周的小城镇已并入到这座城市中。 7. blame vt.责备；谴责；归咎于n.责怪；(过失、过错等)责任be to blame 应负责(无被动形式)常用结构：blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而指责某人blame sth. on sb. 因某事而

10、指责某人sb. be to blame for(doing) sth. 因(做)某事某人应受到谴责The student blamed the teacher for his failure. 学生因失败而责怪老师。The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday.那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。8. link vt. 连接；联系n. 环；连接；联系；纽带常用结构：link .to/with 将和连接/联系起来 link up 连接起来The highway links Shang

11、hai to/with Beijing. 这条公路连接着上海和北京。Your story links up with his.你所说的和他所说的能联系起来。A lot of links fitted together form a chain. 许多链环连在一起组成链条。Old friends are a link with the past. 老朋友是连接往事的纽带。易混辨析join/connect/combine/unitejoin指的是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含有“还能分开”之意。常用结构join .to, join up。connect指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来

12、，事物的特征还保持着，常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运。常用结构connect .with/to。combine着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起，结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变，但也可能失去其本性，常用结构combine .with。unite强调紧密地结合成一体，含极难分开之意,常用结构unite .with。Please join this pole to that one.请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。This flight connects with New York one.这班飞机在纽约可接上另一趟航班。We should combine the

13、ory with practice.我们应该理论联系实际。重点短语9. put forward 提出(意见、建议)；推荐；提名；将表拨快He put forward a better plan.他提出了一个更好的计划。Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?我推荐你（提名让你）担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？He puts forward several interesting plans.他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划。Its an explanation often put forward by our friend.这是

14、我们的朋友经常做出的解释。联想拓展put in 打断；插嘴；进港put off 推迟；延期put on 穿；上演put away 放好put down 写下put on weight 发福；长胖put out 生产；扑灭put up 举起；张贴put back 放回，送回10. look into 调查；了解；研究；朝里面看联想拓展look around/round/about 环顾四周look after 照顾；照料look back 回头看look back to/upon/on 回顾；回想look down upon 俯视；轻视look for 寻求；寻找look forward to

15、盼望look on 旁观look on/upon.as 把看作look out 往外看；注意；当心look through 透过看；浏览look up 抬头看；查阅温馨提示look into与ones face/eyes等连用，表示“注视”。He looks into her face with great interest.他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。Lets look into the problem together and figure out a way to solve it.让我们一起来研究这个问题，想出解决的办法。11. apart from 除之外；脱离开；此外Apart fr

16、om a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher.除了少数的几个缺点外，他是个值得信赖的老师。Apart from being too large, the trousers dont suit me.除了太长，这条裤子的款式也不适合我。There can be no knowledge apart from practice.没有知识能脱离实践。易混辨析apart from/except for/except/besides/but for/in addition to/except thatapart from表示“除外（别无）”时相当于besides

17、和except for,但apart from还有“除以外（还）”之意。另外，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但except不能。except“除”（不包括其后的宾语），besides“除了还”（包括其后的宾语）。另外，besides还可以作副词,表示“并且，而且”。but for表示“如果不是由于”之意（=If it were not for.或If it had not been for.）。in addition to 相当于besides，表示“除之外，还有”（包括除去内容在内）。except that后面跟句子，用来表示理由或细节。12. make sens

18、e 讲得通；有道理；有意义(反义词组make no sense)Your story doesnt make sense to me.你编的故事我听不明白。It makes good sense to take good care of your health.照顾好你的身体是明智的。联想拓展lose/recover ones sense=be out of ones sense 失去/恢复知觉;丧失/恢复理智bring sb. to ones sense 使某人苏醒过来come to ones sense 苏醒过来make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没有道理；没

19、有意义in a/one sense 从某种意义来说in all sense 从任何意义上说in no sense 绝不是；绝非There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理。重点句型13. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次暴发（霍乱）时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。本句是一个复合句，every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当”，相当于“when”。另外，此状语从句中还有一个“there be”结构。So many thousan

20、ds of terrified people died是主句。联想拓展类似的时间状语归纳：each time每次；每当 at the time在那个时候；（当）的时候 any/next/the first/the last time意为“任何/下一次/第一次/最后一次”。the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等都可以引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”。She went to see him directly she got the letter.她一收到信就去看他了。Imme

21、diately the meal was over, he switched on the radio.一吃完饭他就把收音机打开了。She came to the scene the moment she heard of the accident.她一听说发生了事故，就立刻赶到了现场。The last time we talked he said he needed another two days.上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。14. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets goin

22、g round it .他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转此句中“with+宾语+宾语补足语(v.ing/v.ed/to do/adj./adv./prep. phrases)”构成的复合结构在句中常用作状语，表示方式，原因或条件等。With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest.在这位老人的带领下，我们开始向森林进发。She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。Unit 2 The Uni

23、ted Kingdom核心单词1. conveniencen.便利;方便联想拓展inconvenience n. 不方便convenient adj. 便利的;适宜的conveniently adv. 便利地，方便地常用结构：at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候for ones convenience(of) 为了某人的方便for conveniences sake 为了方便起见make a convenience of 利用We bought this house for its convenience.我们买下这所房子是为了方便。Please come at your

24、convenience.请在你方便的时候来。2. arrangev. 安排；排列；协商常用结构：arrange for 安排,准备arrange with sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事The child was required to arrange his shoes in a neat row by his parents.家长要求这个小孩把鞋放成整齐的一排。 He was arranged by his family to marry a girl of his own class.他家里安排他娶一个门当户对的女孩。3. delightn. 快乐;高兴;喜悦vt.使高兴；

25、 使欣喜常用结构:take/find/have delight in 喜爱;以为乐to ones delight 令某人高兴的是delight in 嗜好；因感到快乐Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old days.有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带来喜悦。The movie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight to millions of children.电影喜羊羊与灰太郎使千万小朋友获得快乐。4. debate

26、vi.& n.辩论；讨论常用结构：debate with sb.about/over/on/upon sth.与某人辩论某事under debate 在辩论中open a debate 开始辩论易混辨析debate/argue debate指各自陈述理由，强调公正、公开，气氛较为激烈。 argue意为“说理；争论”，通常指提出理由来支持自己的观点，并企图说服别人，着重使用说理的方式来论证主张。After much debate，we decided to move to Beijing.我们经过充分讨论后决定迁往北京。They debated about the proposal for th

27、ree days.他们为那项计划争论了三天。I debated the idea in my mind until I feel asleep.我入睡前一直在思考这个问题。After a long debate the bill was passed in Congress.经过长时间的辩论后，议案在国会获得通过。 5. influencen. 影响，有影响的人(或事)vt. 影响，改变常用结构：have an influence on/upon/over. 对有影响under the influence of 受到的影响易混辨析influence/affect/effectinfluence

28、指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响。 affect 指产生的影响之大足以引起反应,着重“影响”的动作,有时含有“对产生不利影响”的意思。effect指“实现”、“达成”,着重指“造成”一种特殊的效果。My teachers influence made me study science at college.受我老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。He was influenced by Michelangelo later on.他后来受到米开朗琪罗的影响。Africas climate is strongly influenced by the contine

29、nts position on the globe.非洲的气候受到它在地球上位置的强烈影响。Fear affects some people by making them powerless to act.由于害怕，有些人束手无策。6. availableadj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的常用结构：available to sb. 能够被某人所用/为某人所获得的available for sth. 能够为所用的/能够用于的available to do sth. 能够用于某目的的Tickets are available from the box office.售票处可以买到票。He is

30、not available for the job.他不适合做这个工作。TV sets are available in any department stores.电视机在任何一家百货公司里都能买到。重点短语7. consist of 由组成(用于主动语态)=be made up of联想拓展consist in 主要是；主要在于consist with 与一致/与并存温馨提示以上词组都不能用于被动语态。Our class consisted of fifty students at that time.当时我们班有50个学生。8. break away (from) 突然逃掉或离开；断绝往

31、来；挣脱（束缚）;脱离；改掉(旧习惯)；破除(旧做法)The thief broke away from the policeman.小偷从警察那里逃脱了。He broke away from all his old friends.他同所有的老朋友断绝了往来。You must break away from such habits.你必须改掉那些习惯。联想拓展break down 坏掉；打破break into 闯入；打断(话题)break into pieces 成为碎片break out 爆发break through 突围；突破break up 分解;结束；放假break in 闯入；

32、插话break off 中止；中断高手过招 9. leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑You have left out the most important word in this sentence.你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。Dont leave me out when you invite people to your party.当你邀请人们去参加聚会时，别把我漏掉了。联想拓展leave for 动身到(某处)leave alone 不管；撇下一个人leave aside 搁置leave behind 遗忘；遗留高手过招 重点句型10. There is no need t

33、o debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.没有必要再去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。there is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事联想拓展there is no doubt that. 是毫无疑问的there is no possibility that. 是没有可能的theres no point in doing sth. 做没用/没意义Its no good/ no harm/ no use doing sth.做某事没有好处/害处

34、/用处theres no use/no good/ no point（in）doing sth.做某事没有用处/好处/意义It is no wonder that.难怪There is no need to worry at all.根本没必要着急。There is no point in complaining; they never take any notice.埋怨没用，人家根本不理睬。11. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.这

35、似乎很奇怪：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。在“It is/was necessary/important/strange/incredible”及“It is a pity/a shame/no wonder”之后由 that引导的主语从句中用“should+v.”的形式，should可省略。此处“should have+v. ed分词”结构用来表示“竟然已经;居然已经”，表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到“惊奇、惊喜、怀疑”等。It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once.有必要马上派他到那里去。It is s

36、trange that the wheel should turn so slowly.真奇怪，这个轮子竟然转动得如此慢。 It is a great pity/shame/that he should be so conceited.真遗憾，他竟会这样自高自大。Im surprised that he should have been so foolish.我很奇怪，他竟然会这么傻。Unit 3 Life in the future核心单词1. impression n.印痕；印记；印象；感想常用结构：have an impression of sth.doing sth. 对(做)某事有印

37、象make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象make no impression on 对无影响效果give sb.a favorable impression 给某人留下好印象an impression of ones foot 某人的脚印Your performance gave me a strong impression.你的表演给我留下了很深的印象。What I said made no impression on him. 我的话对他不起作用。联想拓展impress v.留下印象impress sth.onupon ones mind 把牢记在心上2. la

38、ckv.&n. 缺乏；缺少的东西注意：lack作名词时，后常接of。lack作动词时，既可作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，作不及物动词时，后常接for或in。lack不用于被动语态。常用结构：lack sth. 缺少某物lack for sth. 缺少；需要for/through lack of. 因缺乏no lack of. 不缺乏a/the lack of . 的缺乏He didnt go there because he lacked courage.他没去那里，因为他缺乏勇气。The plant died for lack of water.植物因缺水而死。They lacked fo

39、r nothing.他们无所需求。联想拓展lacking adj. 匮乏的；不足的；没有的be lacking in 缺乏（品质、特点等）She seems to be lacking in common sense.她似乎缺乏常识。3. sightn. 视力；视觉；看见；光景，奇观；名胜常用结构：lose sight of 看不见；忘记；失去catch sight of sth./sb. 看见某物/人at first sight 初看之下；乍看起来 at (the) sight of 一看见就out of sight 看不见be in sight 看得见，在眼前 Out of sight,

40、out of mind. 眼不见,心不烦。Last summer we had seen the sights of Beijing.去年夏天我们游览了北京的名胜。Crusoe was frightened at the sight of a mans footprint.克鲁索看到一行人的脚印，他非常害怕。 4. requirevt. 需要；要求；命令常用结构：require that+主语+(should)+动词原形 需要某人做某事require sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事require sth.（of sb.） 要求（某人）某事I will do everything

41、that is required of me.凡是要求我的事，我都会办到。The situation requires that I（should）be there.形势需要我去那里。温馨提示require后接宾语从句时，宾语从句必须用should do的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。另外，表示“需要”，且是物作主语时，后接动词 ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义，可以等于不定式被动形式；在这一点上，need和want用法相同。The house requires mending.=The house requires to be mended. 房屋需要维修。All cars requi

42、re servicing regularly.所有汽车都需要定期检修。They required him to keep it a secret.他们要求他对这事保密。5. assist vt.&vi. 帮助；援助；参与;出席常用结构：assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助(某人)某事assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助(某人)做某事assist sb. to do sth. 帮助(某人)做某事assist with 帮助(照料，做)；在上给予帮助I am willing to assist you whenever there is an opportunit

43、y.有机会我愿随时帮你。Im afraid I cant assist you, you have to go and see the manager. 我恐怕帮不上忙，你得去找经理。The headmaster assists with a lot of things when free.有空时校长会帮忙做很多事。重点短语6. take up 从事；占(时间、空间、注意力等)；继续This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。She has taken up a job as a teacher. 她当上老师了。This chapter takes

44、up where the last one off.本章继续上一章的内容。联想拓展take off 脱掉（衣服等）；起飞；打折；作为折扣而减价take over 接管；获得对的控制或管理take apart 拆开；分开后将分成许多部分take for 把视作；误认为take.for granted 认为是理所当然take down 写下；记下take back 收回(诺言)7. sweep up 打扫；横扫These students are sweeping up dead leaves.这些学生们正在扫(拢)落叶。He ran forward and swept her up into h

45、is arms.他跑上前去一把将她抱在怀里。The whole country was swept up in the excitement.全国上下都沉浸在兴奋的气氛中。Wed better sweep up all the bits of broken glass quickly. 我们最好快点把玻璃碴子扫干净。联想拓展sweep aside 放/堆到一边; 不予理会sweep away 清;消灭;彻底消除sweep off 扫清; 吹走; 大量清除sweep out 扫掉; 清除sweep over 将一扫而光; (某种感情)掠过（的心头） 重点句型8. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying,.这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似，联想拓展 when flying是when you are flying的省略形式。在有些表示时间、条件、方式或让步的状语从句中，如果谓语包含动词be，从句的主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，通常可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略。When asked wheres the toilet, the waitress showed the way