词汇学期末复习题及答案(共15页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Supplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 1Part I Multiple choices.1. The definition of a word includes _. A. a minimal free form that can function alone B. a unit of meaning C. a sound unity D. all of the above 2. A word is _ of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntac

2、tic function. A. a minimal free form B. a smallest meaningful unit C. an element which can not be further analyzed D. a grammatically minimal form 3. The Indo-European language family consist of_. A. all the languages in Europe and India B. all the languages in India and some languages in Europe. C.

3、 most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.D. Some of the languages of Europe and all the languages of the Near East 4. The symbolic connection of a word to a particular thing is almost always _.A. logical B. arbitrary C. inherent D. automatic 5. The prehistoric Indo-European parent

4、language is thought to be _. A. A highly inflected language. B. A highly developed language. C. A very difficult language. D. A language of leveled endings. 6. More than one variant, which can realize some morphemes according to the position in a word, are termed .A. phonemes B. allomorphs C. morphs

5、 D. phones 7. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as .A. morphemes B. derivational morphemes C. inflectional morphemes D. suffixes 8. is defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also kno

6、wn as . A. derivation, affixation B. affixation, derivation C. derivative, affixation D. affixation, derivative 9. Sometimes, the meaning of a compound can be inferred from its separate elements, for example, . A. hot dog B. red meat C. flower pot D. fat head 10. is universal to all men alike regard

7、less of culture, race, language and so on while belongs to language, so is restricted to language use. A. meaning, concept B. concept, meaning C. sense, reference D. reference, sense 11. When readers come across the word “home” in reading, they may be reminded of their family, friends, warmth, safet

8、y, love. That is because of the “home” has _. A. collocations B. connotations C. denotations D. perorations 12. Which of the following belongs to a semantic field?A. steed, charger, palfrey, plug, nag B. pony, mustang, mule, stud, mare C. policeman, constable, bobby, cop D. domicile, residence, abod

9、e, home 13. Which group of the following are perfect homonyms? A. dear (a loved person)deer (a kind of animal) B. bow (bending the head as a greeting)bow(the device used for shooting) C. bank (the edge of the river)bank (an establishment for money business) D. right (correct)write (put down on paper

10、 with a pen) 14. The part of a piece of writing or speech which surrounds a word and helps to explain its meaning is called _. A. Linguistic context B. Grammatical context C. Extra-linguistic context D. Para-linguistic context 15. means through all difficulties and troubles. A. through high and low

11、B. through thick and thin C .from head to foot D. from start to finishPart II True or false questions.1. A rule of word-formation is usually identical with a syntactic rule. 2. Word-formation rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certain extent. 3. Affixes like “-th” are very produ

12、ctive in current English. 4. The chief function of prefixes is to change the word class of the stems. 5. The primary function of suffixes is to change the meaning of the stem. 6. Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stems. 7. “-age, -al, -ance, -ation, -ence”in “linkage, dismissal, at

13、tendance, protection, existence” can produce largely concrete nouns by being added to verb stems. 8. The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of stems. 9. The free phrase has the primary stress on the first element and the secondary stress, if any, on the second. 10. In both compounds an

14、d free phrases the adjective element can take inflectional suffixes. 11. Conversion is only a change of grammatical function of a lexical item with no loss of its different range of meaning originally conveyed. 12. A fully converted noun from an adjective has all the features of nouns except taking

15、an indefinite article or, -(e)s to indicate singular or plural number. 13. Generally, conjunctions, modals, finite verbs, prepositions cant be converted to nouns. 14. Although blends and backformed words have already achieved popularity in English, they are not advisable to be used frequently in for

16、mal writing. 15. Quite a number of derivational affixes have more than one meaning.16. Simple words in English are usually non-motivated.17. Lexical meaning is dominant in content words.18. Componential analysis has no disadvantages.19. Polysemic and homonymous words are stylistically useful to achi

17、eving humor or irony, or to heighten dramatic effect.20. In most cases, the native term is more literary than the foreign one.Part III Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. 1. Morphemes are abstract_ units, which are realized in speech by di

18、screte units known as morph_. The morpheme is to the morph what a phoneme _ is to a phone. Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph. Such alternative morphs are known as allomorphs_. 2. A word is a minimal free_ form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.

19、3. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _empty_ words. 4. According to semantics, a word is a unit of meaning . 5. Bound morphemes include bound roots and affixes . 6. The most productivemeans of word formation are affixation , compounding and conversion

20、 . 7. Only when a connection has been, established between the linguistic signand a referent , does the sign become meaningful. 8. Most morphemes are realized by single words like bird, tree, green, etc, Words of these kinds are called monomorphemic words. 9. With Norse invasion_, many Scandinavian

21、words came into the English language.10. Antonyms are classified on the basis of semantic opposition .Part IV Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. Explain with examples morpheme, morph and allomorph2. Semantic field Part V Answer the following questions.1. What is collocative meaning?

22、 Give at least one example to illustrate your point.2. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.3. Analyzes the morphological st

23、ructures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisonerAnswers for Exercise 1Part I Multiple choices.1-5 DACBA 6-10 BCBCB 11-15 BBCABPart II True or false questions.1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.F 11.F 12.F 13.F 14.T 15.T 16. T 17. T 1

24、8. F 19. T 20. F Part III Fill in the blanks.1. abstract, morph, phoneme, allomorphs 2. free 3. empty 4. meaning 5. bound, affixes 6. affixation, compounding, conversion 7. referent 8. monomorphemic 9. Norse invasion 10. semantic oppositionPart IV Explain the following terms1. In morpheme-based morp

25、hology, a morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. A morpheme is free if it can stand alone, or bound if it is used exclusively alongside a free morpheme. Morphs are the actual phonetic representations of the same morpheme. An allomorph is a variant form of the same morphe

26、me, and all the morphs of the same morpheme are grouped as being the allomorphs of a morpheme. The concept occurs when a unit of meaning can vary in sound (phonologically) without changing meaning.English example: The word unbreakable has three morphemes: un-, a bound morpheme; break, a free morphem

27、e; and -able, a bound morpheme. un- is also a prefix, -able is a suffix. Both un- and -able are affixes.The morpheme plural-s has the morph -s, /s/, in cats (/kts/), but -es, /z/, in dishes (/dz/), and even the voiced -s, /z/, in dogs (/dgz/). -s. These are allomorphs of the same morpheme plural -s.

28、2. The concept is from the concept of “field” in physics, referring to the clustering of a number of semantically related words. A semantic field is a set of lexemes in a named conceptual area that interrelate and define each other in specific ways. A general description is that words in a semantic

29、field are not synonymous, but are all used to talk about the same general phenomenon. For example, the semantic field of “bugs” may include bees, spiders, moths, wasps, flies etc. According to semantic field theory a meaning of a word is dependent partly on its relation to other words in the same co

30、nceptual area. The kinds of semantic fields vary from culture to culture.Part V Answer the following questions.1. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in di

31、scussion. For example, pretty and handsome share the conceptual meaning of good looking, but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty handsome.2. The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.（1）it is ambiguous（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（3）stop drinking

32、can be understood as 1）police stop drinking by themselves 2）police stop people drinking （4）improvement1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.3. Morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic

33、 meaning. The morphological analysis of the three words are as follows:1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable (un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2) Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can ex

34、ist by themselves.3) All the rest un-,-able, inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.Supplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 2Part I Multiple choices.1. From the phrase “ a white paper”, we know that the meaning of the word “paper” here is “document”. This shows t

35、hat the _ context can define the meaning of a word. A. extra-linguistic B. grammatical C. lexical D. situational2. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _.A. synecdoche B. metonymyC. substitution D. metaphor3. Homophones are often employed to create puns f

36、or desired effects A. humor B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above4. Which of the following statements is Not correct? A. A word can be formed by two free morphemes B. A word can be formed by a free morpheme and a bound morpheme C. A word can be formed by two bound morphemes D. A word can be formed

37、 by any two affixes. 5. In different languages, the same concepts can be represented by different sounds, which shows _. A. the relationship between sound and meaning can not be established. B. there are different logical relations between sound and meaning C. the relation between sound and meaning

38、is a matter of convention D. the concepts are not really the same6. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are _. A. historical reason and class reason B. historical reason an psychological reason C. class &psychological reason D. extra-linguistic factors &linguistic factors7. Old Engli

39、sh vocabulary was in essence _ with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian. A. Celtic B. Germanic C. Roman D. Irish8. is the basic form of a word, which cant be further analyzed without total loss of identity. A. Stem B. Root C. Morpheme D. Affix 9. is that part of the word t

40、hat carries the fundamental meaning but has to be used in combination with other morphemes to make words. A. Free root B. Bound root C. Morpheme D. Bound morpheme10. The most productive means of word-formation in modern English are the following except . A. compounding B. affixation C. acronym D. co

41、nversion11. The meanings of many compounds and derivatives are the total of the combined. A. morphs B. allomorphs C. roots D. morphemes 12. The relationship between the word-form and meaning is _. Most words can be said to be_. A. prescriptive, motivated B. prescriptive, non-motivated C. arbitrary,

42、motivated D. arbitrary, non-motivated 13. _ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. A. Grammatical meaning B. Denotative meaning C. Associative meaning D. Connotative meaning14. “parent/child, husband/wife, predecessor/successor” are _ . A. contrary terms B. contra

43、dictory terms C. relative terms D. complementary terms15. “au revoir and Bye”is a pair of synonyms resulting from_. A. borrowing B. dialects and regional English C. figurative &euphemistic use of words D. with idiomatic expressions16. From the phrase “examination paper”, we know that the meaning of

44、the word “paper” here is “a set of questions at the end of the term”. This shows that the _ context can define the meaning of a word. A. extra-linguistic B. grammatical C. lexical D. situational17. means damage from continuous use.A. fair and spare B. toil and moil C. wear and tear D. kith and kin18

45、. More often than not, functional words only have . A. lexical meaning B. associative meaning C. collocative meaning D. grammatical meaning19. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute _of the modern English vocabulary. A. 50 percent B. 50 percent C. 80 percent D. 65 percent20. Functional words do _ work of expression in English on average than cont