英语倒装句(共3页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上倒装句倒装句定义：英语的一般语序是主语在前，谓语在后。如果把谓语的全部或者一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为倒装结构。倒装句的实质是一种特殊的强调结构。倒装按照不同情况又可分为“全倒装结构”和“半倒装结构”。I全倒装结构：基本概念：当表示地点、方位、时间的介词短语、副词或副词短语位于句首时，句子要进行全倒装，此时将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。1. 由介词短语构成的地点状语位于句首时。Under the tree lay an old man.2. 由地点、方位副词(out, in, away, down, up, here, there, off等)及表示时间的状

2、(now, then)位于句首时。Out rushed the students when the bell rang.There stood an old temple.Now comes your turn. South of the river lies a small factory.3. 为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语，把作表语的形容词位于句首时。Gone are the days when we were innocent.4. 若句子的主语是人称代词(I, you, he, she, it, they, we)则不用倒装形式。The door opened and in he c

3、ame.5. 在完全倒装句中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。(主谓一致)In front of the house stand two tall trees. Exercise:将下列句子用全倒装结构改写。(1) The bus comes here. (2) An ancient tower stands on the top of the mountain. (3) A small factory lies south of the river. (4) The chairman came then. (5) He went away.(6) The days when women w

4、ere looked down upon are gone.(7) Mr. Green and many other guests were present at the party.(8) What he does are such.II半倒装结构：基本概念：部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词或be动词置于主语之前。1. 含有否定意义的副词，如few, little, never, nor, not until, nowhere, hardly, rarely, seldom, etc.及否定意义的介词短语at no time, by no means, in no case,

5、in no way, on no condition, etc.等放在句首时，使用半倒装结构。（in no time“立刻、马上”除外）I have never seen such a performance. Never have I seen such a performance.The animal hardly makes any movement.Hardly does the animal make any movement. 2. “only+副词/介词短语/状语从句” 置于句首时。You can learn English well only in this way. Only

6、 in this way can you learn English well.You can succeed only if you do this. Only if you do this can you succeed.*如果only后面紧跟主语，则主句不倒装。 Only he knows the truth. 3. 五个句型(1) no soonerthan; hardlywhen; scarcelywhen(一就)No sooner, hardly, scarcely所在句子使用过去完成时态(had done)，其对应的than, when句子使用一般过去时态。She had no

7、sooner gone out than the class began.No sooner had she gone out than the class began.I had hardly entered home when the bell rang.Hardly had I entered home when the bell rang.(2)用于not until句型中。not until.置于句首时, 句型中前面的从句不倒装，后面的主句用部分倒装。All the fish didnt die in the river until the villagers realize how

8、 serious the pollution was.Not until the villagers realize how serious the pollution was did all the fish die in the river.(3) 用于so, nor/neither开头的句子,表示重复的内容。so+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语意为“.也是如此”。nor/neither+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语意为“.也不这样”。在neither ., nor .的句子结构中，neither后与nor后的句子都要倒装。该结构中谓语应与前句谓语的时态形式一致。He has bee

9、n to Beijing. So have I.Jack cannot answer the question. Neither/Nor can I.Neither do I know her name, nor does he.*注意区分：so+主语+be动词/情态动词/助动词意为“.确实如此”，表示同意前面的说法。It is not hot. - So it is. (确实如此)It is not hot today. - So is it tomorrow. (明天也是如此)(4) 在“sothat”和“suchthat”开头的句型中。so.that/such.that 意为“如此以至于

10、”；连接两个并列分句时，前一个分句采用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装。The lake is so shallow that no fish can live in it. So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it. Everything happened so quickly that I had no time to think. So quickly did everything happen that I had no time to think.(5) 用于not onlybut (also)句型中。not only.but (

11、also).意为“不仅.而且.”; 连接两个并列分句时, 前一个分句采用部分倒装, 后一个分句不倒装。The nurses not only want a pay increase, but they want reduced hours as well.Not only do the nurses want a pay increase, but they want reduced hours as well.*如果置于句首的Not only.but also仅连接两个并列主语,不可用倒装结构，谓语动词的单复数为“就近原则”。 Not only you but (also) I am fon

12、d of music.4. 虚拟语气条件句中, 从句谓语有助动词were, had, should时, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should移到句首。If he had not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company.Had he not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company. If it were to benefit my country, I would lay down my life; What the

13、n is risk to me?Were it to benefit my country I would lay down my life; What then is risk to me?If you should change your mind, no one would blame you.Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.5. 由as或though 引导的让步状语从句中。把表语或部分谓语提前时，即用于“形容词（或名词、动词）+as(/though)” 引导的让步状语从句需用倒装。 Although he is c

14、razy about online games, he manages to keep himself from being addicted to them. Crazy as / though he is about online games, he manages to keep himself from being addicted to them. Though his idea might sound strange, it was accepted by the people at the meeting. Strange as / though his idea might s

15、ound, it was accepted by the people at the meeting. *注意:将名词位于句首时，要省略名词前冠词。Although he was a child, he had a good command of English.Child as/though he was, he had a good command of English. Exercise:将下列句子用半倒装结构改写。(1) I knew little she had a surprise waiting for me.(2) I realized she was my real frie

16、nd only then.(3) You will keep good relationships with others only when you can find peace in your heart.(4) The mother had hardly opened the door, when her son rushed up to her.(5) He had no sooner got home than he had to go out to see his sick mother.(6) I did not finish my homework until the teacher came.(7) He is such a noble person that people all respect him.(8) Jimmy not only passed the exam but got good marks for all the courses he had taken.(9) Although he was patient, he was unwilling to wait three hours.专心-专注-专业