新人教八年级下英语期末总复习(共7页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上八年级下时态总结：过去进行时1. 过去进行时的构成过去进行时由was/were+doing构成2. 过去进行时的用法1） 表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then，at that time，this time yesterday，at ten yesterday等连用，或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。如：-What were you doing at nine last night?-I was watching TV at that time. He was reading when I came in. I was doing

2、my homework while my parents were watching TV. 2） 过去进行时常和always等表频率的副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。如：Alice was always changing her mind. 3. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别一般来说，如果强调过去某个时候或某段时间曾有过某个（已完成的）动作时应用一般过去时；而如果强调动作在过去某个时候或某段时间内正在进行（是否完成不明确）时则用过去进行时。练习：Part 1 用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. What _ you _(do) at that time

3、?-We _(watch) TV. 2. I _(have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday. 3. While we _(wait) for the bus, a girl _(run) up to us. 4. I _(telephone) a friend when Bob _(come) in. 5. -_ they _(have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon? -No, they _. They _(clean) the classroom. 现在完成时1. 定义：表示现在动作已发生或状态已存在

4、或过去的动作状态持续到现在，一般翻译成“已经”，“.过”2. 构成：助动词have/has+过去分词，助动词have有人称和数的变化。肯定句否定句疑问句简略回答I/ You have worked.I/You have not worked. Have I/you worked?Yes, you/I have. No, you/I have not. He/She/It has worked. He/She/It has not worked. Has he/she/it worked?Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it has not. We/You/They

5、 have worked. We/You/They have not worked. Have we/you/they worked?Yes, we/you/they have. No, we/you/they have not. 3. 用法：1. 表示过去已经发生但对现在情况有影响的动作，常与already, never, up to now, in the lastyears, yet（多用于否定句）, just, before等词连用。 He has gone to Beijing. (表示他不在这里。)2. 表示过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与since, for等连用。We h

6、ave not seen each other for ten years. (没见面的动作从十年前持续到现在。)3. 表示到现在为止，动作发生的状况，如：次数等。Ive been to Shanghai three times. 辨析：Already: 多用于肯定句中，在用于疑问句中时，表示疑惑，惊讶或出乎意料。Just：表示“刚”，一般放在谓语动词之前，表示刚刚完成的动作。 Since：意为“自以来”，后可接表示起点时间的单词，也可接一个时间状语从句，多用于完成时态。Since表示持续到现在，用于完成时；after只表示在某一时刻之后，用于过去时。 只有在It is since这样的句子结

7、构中，主句的谓语才可用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时。 It is ten years since I saw you last time. 现在完成时还可以与“包括现在在内的”表示一段时间的状语连用，表示到说话时动作仍未结束。如：today, this morning (afternoon, evening, week, month, year.), these days等。 表示非延续性动作的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的这类动词有：appear, begin, borrow, buy, close, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill,

8、leave, lend, lose, sell, start, stop等。have been to、 have gone to 和have been in的区别1）have been to “去过某地”,强调说话以前的动作发生过或延续到现在2）have gone to “已去某地”, 强调人已经离开，不在说话现场。3）have been in “已在某地（待了多久）”, 若该地方为小地方，则用at代替in，若后面是there，here等时间副词，则have been后面不需要介词现在完成时练习：1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arr

9、ived D. been2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to Beijing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet

10、Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have becom

11、e C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.

12、A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going主将从现如果从句是由 _if_ (如果)，_when_ (当)， _as soon as_ (一就) 引导的一般现在时的条件状语从句， 主句要用一般将来时或用can, should等情态动词组成的句子。If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.When he grows up , he will be a doctor.As soon as I call him, he will pick me up.注意：宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。

13、宾语从句中的if“是否”相当于 whether，宾语从句通常位于主句之后。引导宾语从句，时态需根据语境确定I dont know if it_ (rain)tomorrow.练习：I _ (see) this movie, and I _ it last night.I _ (sleep) when the telephone _ (ring) yesterday.If you _ (go) to the party, you _ a good time.They _ (watch) TV since 10 o clock. Look, they are still _ (watch) TV

14、now.She _ (meet) Jay twice, and tomorrow she _ (meet) him again八年级下重点语法、句型直接引语与间接引语-宾语从句直接引语变间接引语的变化形式1. 人称代词和指示代词的变化指示代词this 和these通常变为that和those 。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：He said, “I came to help you.” 他说：“我是来帮助你的。”He said that he had come to help me. 他说他是来帮助我的

15、。2. 时态的变化（1） 引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。（2） 引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时（1） 含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。（2） 若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。（3） 有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。3. 时间状语的变化now then last month the month beforetoday t

16、hat day three days ago three days beforetonight that night tomorrow the next day this week that week next month the next monthyesterday the day before the day after tomorrow in two days4. 地点状语的变化here there5. 谓语动词的变化come go直接引语变为间接引语的情况1.直接引语为陈述句（1）将直接引语变为由that 引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（that 可以省略）。例如：He said,

17、 “I forgot to call you yesterday.”他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。”He said that he had forgotten to call me the day before.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。（2）如果引述动词是 say to sb.,则通常改为 tell sb. sth. 结构。例如：He said to me, “Your bike is broken.” 她对我说：“你的自行车坏了。”He told me that my bike was broken. 他对我说我的自行车坏了。2. 直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语

18、变为由 if /whether 引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词为 say ，应改为 ask. 例如：Mary asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?” 玛丽问我，“凯伦时美国人吗？”Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States. 玛丽问我海伦是否时美国人。1. 直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。例如：John asked me,

19、 “Where does Zhou Xun come from?”约翰问我，“周迅是哪儿的人？”John asked me where Zhou Xun came from. 约翰问我周迅时哪儿的人。4. 感叹句-变成由that引导的宾语从句He said “What a lovely garden it is!”He exclaimed that it was a lovely garden.5. .命令句-变为不定式短语He said “Open the door.”He asked me to open the door.宾语从句：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需

20、受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。感叹句1. 由what引导的感叹句1) What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！如：What a beautiful girl she is! 2) What+ 形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语！如：What important jobs they have done! 3) What+ 形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！如：What sweet water it is! 2. 由how引导的感叹句1) How+ 形容词或副词+主语+谓语！如：

21、How interesting the dog is. 2) How+ 形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！如：How useful a subject it is!3) How+ 主语+谓语！如：How time flies! 阅读理解练习：In London, traffic has always been a main problem. In order to solve this problem, the government has decided to have a bike revolution(改革). It has decided to provide 6,0

22、00 bikes for the local people to rent. The government encouraged local people to ride bikes. It can not only solve the traffic problem, but also make people keep healthy.More than 12,000 people have accepted the idea. Some of them ask for more than one key. Although there are not enough bikes, an of

23、ficial from the government said that they would find some ways to deal with such a shortage.Local people can get these bikes at special docking stations(停靠站). There are about 315 docking stations across the city. More than 12,450 keys have been handed out to the local people, but only 6,000 keys can

24、 be used now.Lets see the cost you need to pay. One key cost 3, and the cost of using the bike is 1 for an hour. The cost per hour increases as the hours increase. It will cost 50 if you rent the bike for 24 hours.The official from the government said they also needed to face a lot of problems. For

25、example, some bikes may be stolen. But he said they would try their best to solve all the problems to make sure the success of the program.1. In London, the government decided to _ in order to solve the traffic problem.A. buy some new bikes B. provide bikes for the local people to rentC. set up more

26、 docking stations2. How many keys have already been given out to the local people?A. About 6,000 B. over 12,450 C. About 3153. In the passage, the underlined word “shortage” means _ in Chinese.A. 短缺 B. 膨胀 C. 挑战4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. They have had a bike revolu

27、tion in order to make people healthy.B. People can get these bikes at special docking stations.C. If you want a key, you need to pay 4.5. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. Its about the different means of transportation in London.B. Its about how the docking stations were built in London.C. Its

28、about the bike revolution in London.An artist painted many pictures of great beauty. But he found that he had not yet painted a real picture. He began his trip to look for the most beautiful thing in the world. On the way, he met an aged priest(神父) who asked him where he was going. I don t know, sai

29、d the artist. I want to paint the most beautiful thing in the world. Perhaps you can direct me to it.How easy, replied the priest. In any church, you will find it Faith (信任，信仰) is the most beautiful thing in the world.The artist traveled on. Later, a young mother told him the most beautiful thing is

30、 “Love”. “Love” makes the world go round. Without love there is no beauty. Still the artist continued his search. He asked a soldier the same question and his answer was “Peace.” He said, “War is ugly and wherever you find peace, you will find beauty, faith and love.”“How can I paint all of them Fai

31、th, Love and Peace?. He thought and thought. He was surprised that without thinking where he was going, he badly got to his familiar place. In the faces of his wife and children, he saw Love and Faith. “We are thinking of you all the time. We prayed (祈祷）you would return to us safely,” said his wife.

32、 The artist sat on his favorite old chair and his heart was in peace.The artist painted the most beautiful thing in the world and called it “Home”.1.Did the artist paint a “real” picture before?2. Where can the priest find the most beautiful thing in the world?3.What did the soldier think of a war?4

33、.How many people did the artist asked ?5.Why did the artist think the most beautiful place is home?第一节 情景交际 通读下面的对话，根据上下文补全对话内容。（共5小题，计10分）A: I havent seen you for days. Where have you been these days?B: I have been to Hong Kong for a few weeks.A: 71. _?B: No, I have never been there before. Its a really beautiful place.A: 72. _?B: I went there last Friday.A: 73. _? B: By plane.A: 74. _?B: I stayed there for seven days.A: Did you have a good time there?B: 75. _. Everyone was really excited.A: Great! I hope I can go to Hong Kong next year.专心-专注-专业