英语句法基本知识(共5页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语句法基本知识一 英语基本句型I 主语+系动词(linking verb)+表语表示主语的状态、特征合身份的系动词be，look，seem，appear ，feel，smell，taste，sound；常见的系动词有 表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果的系动词become，turn ，come。go，get，grow，fall，prove； 表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词keep，remain，stay，stand，lie, hold；常用作表语的词有:名词, 形容词, 非谓语动词, 介词短语, 从句等。如：1Seeing is b

2、elieving. (_ 充当主语和表语)2To see is to believe. (_ 充当主语和表语)3She is disappointed at the disappointing news.4It doesnt look as if well be moving after all.看起来我们还是不能搬迁。5The classroom looks amazing.6That looks like an amazing classroom. That looks an amazing classroom.7 brilliant. It sounded /seemed like a

3、brilliant idea. a brilliant idea.8It always seemed /sounded as though they would get married.9I seem to have left my book at home.10It seems that we still have a long way to go to catch up with the developed countries.要赶上发达国家我们似乎还有好长一段路要走。11There seems no need to be nervous about the first day at Se

4、nior High.12She didnt appear embarrassed at the embarrassing moment.13The retired worker appears an enthusiastic person. 那个退休工人似乎是个热心肠。14She appears to be in her late thirties. 15It appears (that) there has been some misunderstanding between us. There appears to have been some misunderstanding betwe

5、en us.看来我们之间一直有误会16Youll feel better after a good nights sleep.17Foreign guests feel amazed at the rapid development of China. 外宾对中国的快速发展感到惊叹。18Luckily, I was feeling in a good mood.19Standing there on the stage I felt a complete fool. 站在台上我感觉自己是十足的傻瓜。20I felt like a complete fool.21Her head felt as

6、 if / though it would burst.22This wallet feels (to me) like leather.我觉得这钱包是皮的。23It will be difficult for him to become a doctor. It will be difficult for him to turn doctor.24She turns 21 in June.25His dream of becoming President has come true.26Something has gone wrong with our TV.27Youll soon get

7、 used to the climate here.28We ought to go; its getting late.29They plan to get married in the summer. get angry/bored/hungry/fat/dressed/undressed30As time went on he grew more and more patient.31Mother had fallen asleep on the sofa before I got home.32At the teachers entry everyone fell silent.33T

8、his book will prove (to be) of great use to you in your studies. 这本书将来会证明对你的学习很有用。34It is also bad manners to keep silent when teachers ask you questions.35Train fares are likely to remain unchanged. 火车票价很可能保持不变。36In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends. 尽管他们争吵过，他们仍是好朋友。 remain si

9、lent/standing/seated/untouched37He never stays angry for long.38The store stays open until late on Thursday.39The house stood empty for a long time.40My hometown lies on the coast.41The same argument doesnt hold good in all cases. 同一论点并非对所有情况都适用。42What he said about you also holds true for the other

10、 comrades.II 主语+动词(intransitive verb) 这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有直接宾语，但常带有状语。如： 1. The smell disappeared quite quickly. 2. He behaves in a serious and polite manner in his maths lessons. 他在数学课上表现得严肃而有礼貌。III 主语+动词（transitive verb）+宾语 这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，它必须带有自己的宾语。在英文中，当一个动词（包括单个动词和动词短语）作及物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语（除非宾语在上

11、下 文里很明确地提到过，为避免不必要的重复，才会省去），否则会视为“句子不完整”。如：1. She has the biggest smile in the world.2. We are studying Chinese, maths, English and so on this term.IV 主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语u A：接双宾语 sb. sth.的动词，可转换为 sth. to sb. 的：give, bring , take , send , pass ,hand , show , leave , lend , rent , offer , pay , owe , retu

12、rn , read , tell , write , promise , recommendu B：接双宾语 sb. sth.的动词，可转换为 sth. for sb. 的：get , buy , cook , order , make , find , draw , spare , do sb. a favordo a favor for sb. 注：do sb. good/harmdo good/harm to sb. eg:1. Will you rent me this television? Will you rent this television to me?2. The com

13、pany offered me a job. The company offered a job to me.3. You havent paid me the money you owe me. You havent paid the money you owe me to me.4. He owes his father 50. He owes 50 to his father.5. Please return me my 100. Please return my 100 to me.6 Please read us a story. Please read a story to us.

14、7. The firm promised. The workers a wage increase. The firm promised a wage increase to the workers8. I have promised my wife a trip to Hongkong. I have promised a trip to Hongkong to my wife.9. Can you recommend me a good novel? Can you recommend a good novel to me?你能推荐一本好小说给我吗？10. Can I get you a

15、drink? Can I get a drink for you?11. He bought me a gift on my birthday. He bought a gift for me on my birthday.12. Mother cooks me my dinner every day. Mother cooks my dinner for me every day.13. He ordered himself three shirts. He ordered three shirts for himself.14. I made myself a cup of coffee.

16、 I made a cup of coffee for myself.15. Will you please spare me a few minutes? Will you please spare a few minutes for me?15. Will you please do me a favor? Will you please do a favor for me?V 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语此句型概括了这样一种情况：有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构(即：宾语+宾语补足语)，在这一结构中，宾语补足语与前面的宾语存在逻辑上是主谓关系或系表关系。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、

17、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有：elect, choose, make, appoint, name, calllet, make, have, get, keep, leave, set, sendsee, observe, watch, notice, look at, catchhear, listen to, findfeel, think, consider, believe, imagineallow, ask, cause, expect, tell, want, wishExamples:（1） We elected him our monitor

18、. (chose, made )（2） The president appointed John manager.（3） My name is Alan, but you can call me AL.（4） They named their baby Tony.（5） We let him have another try.（6） Nothing can make him change his mind.（7） We can make ourselves understood by means of body language.（8） The teacher had us keep a di

19、ary every day.（9） Dont have the poor child standing in the cold.（10） I have/get my hair cut once a month.（11） If you cant finish it on your own, you can get somebody to help you.（12） Sorry to have kept you waiting so long.（13） The sun keeps us supplied with light and heat.（14） Her parents died early

20、 and left her an orphan.（15） His words left us thinking hard.(set).（16） We mustnt leave the work unfinished.（17） Better not leave the door open, for its too cold.（18） Nobody saw him come in.(noticed, observed).（19） We saw him chatting with two foreigners.(noticed, observed)（20） Ive never seen the wo

21、rd used that way before.（21） We watch the sun sink behind the hills.（22） He stopped to watch us working.（23） He caught some boys stealing flowers from the garden.（24） He found a number of people already working there.（25） When she woke up. She found herself surrounded by some doctors.（26） I could fe

22、el the wind blowing on my face like a knife.（27） Suddenly they felt the atmosphere grow tense.（28） He felt a great weight taken off his mind.（29） They feel the idea quite practical.（30） I dont think English hard to learn if you have the correct the method.（31） We consider him too young to do the wor

23、k.（32） We believe him (to be ) mistaken.( imagine)（33） We dont allow students to smoke.（34） What caused him to change his mind.（35） They expect their daughter to be a doctor.（36） We elected him our monitor.二、句子的分类通常，我们可以从两个不同的角度对句子进行分类：一是按句子的用途；二是按句子的结构。按句子的用途分类，所有的英语句子可以分成四个种类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句。如果按照句

24、子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三个类别：简单句，并列句和复合句。这里所说的结构，主要是指句子中主语和谓语之间所构成的关系。1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓关系。句子可能有两个或更多的主语，也可能有两个或更多的谓语，但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个。2、并列句并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的。从语法上讲，所谓“并列”、“对等”是指任何一个主谓结构都能独立地表达意思，谁也不从属于谁。尽管如此，这些主谓结构在意思或逻辑上也有一定程度的内在联系。在并列句中，要使两个或几个主谓结构（或者说分句）连接在一起，就要用并列连词。并列连词用来连接平行对等（即互不从属）的分句。按其表

25、示的不同意思有下面几种：（1） 表示转折意思：but,yet,however,nevertheless（2） 表示因果关系：or,so,therefore,hence（3） 表示并列关系：and,or,eitheror,neither / nor,not onlybut also,both and,as well as3、复合句复合句明显地不同于简单句，因为它有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。从表面上看，它与并列句相似，其实不然，后者的几个主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的，而复合句中的主谓结构之间的关系不是并列的、对等的，其中只有一个主谓结构是主要的，其他的主谓结构都从属于那个主要的主谓结构。那个主要的主谓结构称作句子的主句；其他的主谓结构称作句子的从句或子句。复合句的子句（或从句）包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句（即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句）。专心-专注-专业