生物专业英文术语(共37页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上A band A带A chromosome A染色体二倍体染色体组中的正常染色体（不同于B染色体）A site核糖体A部位ABA脱落酸abasic site脱碱基位点，无碱基位点abaxial远轴的abequose阿比可糖，beta脱氧岩藻糖aberrant splicing异常剪接aberration象差；畸变；失常abiogenesis自然发生论，无生源论ablastin抑殖素（抑制微生物细胞分裂或生殖的一种抗体）abnormal distrbution非正态分布abnormality异常，失常；畸形，畸变ABO blood group systemABO血型系统

2、aboriginal mouse原生鼠abortin流产素abortion流产，败育abortive egg败育卵abortive infection流产（性）感染abortive transduction流产（性）转导ABP肌动蛋白结合蛋白abrin相思豆毒蛋白abscisic acid脱落酸abscission脱落absolute绝对的absolute configuration绝对构型absolute counting绝对测量absolute deviation绝对偏差absolute error绝对误差absorbance吸收，吸光度absorbed dose吸收剂量absorbent

3、吸收剂absorptiometer吸光计absorptiometry吸光测定法absorption吸收absorption band吸收谱带absorption cell吸收池absorption coefficient吸收系数absorption spectroscopy吸收光谱法absorption spectrum吸收光谱；吸收谱absorptive endocytosis吸收（型）胞吞（作用）absorptive pinocytosis吸收（型）胞饮（作用）absorptivity吸光系数；吸收性abundance丰度abundant丰富的，高丰度的abundant mRNAs高丰度m

4、RNAabzyme抗体酶acaricidin杀螨剂accedent variation偶然变异accelerated flow method加速流动法accepting armtRNA的接纳臂acceptor接纳体，（接）受体acceptor site接纳位点，接受位点acceptor splicing site剪接受体acceptor stemtRNA的接纳茎accessible可及的accessible promoter可及启动子accessible surface可及表面accessory零件，附件；辅助的accessory cell佐细胞accessory chromosome副染色体

5、accessory factor辅助因子accessory nucleus副核accessory pigment辅助色素accessory protein辅助蛋白（质）accommodation顺应accumulation积累，累积accuracy准确度acenaphthene二氢苊acene并苯acentric无着丝粒的acentric fragment无着丝粒断片acentric ring无着丝粒环acetal缩醛acetaldehyde乙醛acetalresin缩醛树脂acetamidase乙酰胺酶acetamide乙酰胺acetate乙酸盐acetic acid乙酸，醋酸acetic

6、acid bacteria乙酸菌，醋酸菌acetic anhydride乙酸酐acetification乙酸化作用，醋化作用acetin乙酸甘油酯，三乙酰甘油酯acetoacetic acid乙酰乙酸Acetobacter醋杆菌属acetogen产乙酸菌acetogenic bacteria产乙酸菌acetome body酮体acetomepowder丙酮制粉在-30度以下加丙酮制成的蛋白质匀浆物acetomitrile乙腈acetone丙酮acetyl乙酰基acetyl coenzyme A乙酰辅酶Aacetylcholine乙酰胆碱acetylcholine agonist乙酰胆碱拮抗剂a

7、cetylcholine receptor乙酰胆碱受体acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylene乙炔acetylene reductiontest乙炔还原试验检查生物体的固氮能力acetylglucosaminidase乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶acetyl glutamate synthesize乙酰谷氨酸合成酶acetylsalicylate乙酰水杨酸；乙酰水杨酸盐、酯、根acetylsalicylic acid乙酰水杨酸acetylspiramycin乙酰螺旋霉素Ache乙酰胆碱酯酶choral非手性的acholeplasma无胆甾原体AchR乙酰胆碱受体achroma

8、tic消色的；消色差的achromatic color无色achromatic lens消色差透镜achromatin非染色质acid catalysis酸催化acid fibroblast growth factor酸性成纤维细胞生长因子acid fuchsin酸性品红acid glycoprotein酸性糖蛋白acid hydrolyzed casein酸水解酪蛋白acid medium酸性培养基acid mucopolysaccharide酸性粘多糖acid phosphatase酸性磷酸酶acid protease酸性蛋白酶acid solvent酸性溶剂acidic酸性的acidic

9、 amino acid酸性氨基酸acidic protein酸性蛋白质有时特指非组蛋白acidic transactivator酸性反式激活蛋白acidic transcription activator酸性转录激活蛋白acidification酸化（作用）acidifying酸化（作用）acidolysis酸解acidophilia嗜酸性acidophilic bacteria嗜酸菌acidophilous milk酸奶aclacinomycin阿克拉霉素acoelomata无体腔动物acomitic acid乌头酸aconitase顺乌头酸酶aconitate乌头酸；乌头酸盐、酯、根aco

10、nitine乌头碱aconitum alkaloid乌头属生物碱ACP酰基载体蛋白acquired character获得性状acquired immunity获得性免疫acridine吖啶acridine alkaloid吖啶（类）生物碱acridine dye吖啶燃料acridine orange吖啶橙acridine yellow吖啶黄acriflavine吖啶黄素acroblast原顶体acrocentric chromosome近端着丝染色体acrolein丙烯醛acrolein polymer丙烯醛类聚合物acrolein resin丙烯醛树脂acropetal transloca

11、tion向顶运输acrosin顶体蛋白acrosomal protease顶体蛋白酶acrosomal reaction顶体反应acrosome顶体acrosome reaction顶体反应acrosomic granule原顶体acrosyndesis端部联会acrylamide丙烯酰胺acrylate丙烯酸酯、盐acrylic acid丙烯酸acrylic polymer丙烯酸（酯）类聚合物acrylic resin丙烯酸（酯）类树脂acrylketone丙烯酮acrylonitrile丙烯腈actidione放线（菌）酮即环己酰亚胺actin肌动蛋白actin filament肌动蛋白丝

12、actinin辅肌动蛋白分为alfa、beta两种，beta蛋白即加帽蛋白actinmicrofilament肌动蛋白微丝actinometer化学光度计actinomorphy辐射对称用于描述植物的花actinomycetes放线菌actinomycin D放线菌素Dactinospectacin放线壮观素，壮观霉素，奇霉素action作用action current动作电流action potential动作电位action spectrum动作光谱activated sludge活性污泥activated support活化支持体activating group活化基团activatin

13、g transcription factor转录激活因子activation激活；活化activation analysis活化分析activation energy活化能activator激活物，激活剂，激活蛋白activator protein激活蛋白active absorption主动吸收active biomass活生物质active carbon活性碳active center活性中心active chromatin活性染色质active dry yeast活性干酵母active dydrogen compounds活性氢化合物active ester of amino acid氨

14、基酸的活化酯active hydrogen活性氢active immunity主动免疫active oxygen活性氧active site活性部位，活性中心active transport主动转运active uptake主动吸收activin活化素由垂体合成并由睾丸和卵巢分泌的性激素activity活性，活度，（放射性）活度actomyosin肌动球蛋白actophorin载肌动蛋白一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白acute急性的acute infection急性感染acute phase急性期acute phase protein急性期蛋白，急相蛋白acute phasereaction急性期反应，

15、急相反应炎症反应急性期机体的防御反应acute phase reactiveprotein急性期反应蛋白，急相反应蛋白acute phase response急性期反应，急相反应acute toxicity急性毒性ACV无环鸟苷acyclic nucleotide无环核苷酸acycloguanosine无环鸟苷，9-（2-羟乙氧甲基）鸟嘌呤acyclovir无环鸟苷acyl酰基acyl carrier protein酰基载体蛋白acyl cation酰（基）正离子acyl chloride酰氯acyl CoA脂酰辅酶Aacyl coenzyem A脂酰辅酶Aacyl fluoride酰氟acy

16、l halide酰卤acylamino acid酰基氨基酸acylase酰基转移酶acylating agent酰化剂acylation酰化acylazide酰叠氮acylbromide酰溴acyloin偶姻acyltransferase酰基转移酶adamantanamine金刚烷胺曾用作抗病毒剂adamantane金刚烷adaptability适应性adaptation适应adapter衔接头；衔接子adapter protein衔接蛋白质adaptin衔接蛋白衔接网格蛋白与其他蛋白的胞质区adaptive behavior适应性行为adaptive enzyme适应酶adaptive mo

17、lecule衔接分子adaptive response适应反应大肠杆菌中的DNA修复系统adaptor衔接头；衔接子adaxial近轴的addition加成addition compound加成化合物addition haploid附加单倍体addition line附加系additive添加物，添加剂additive effect加性效应additive genetic variance加性遗传方差additiverecombination插入重组，加插重组因DNA插入而引起的基因重组addressin地址素选择蛋白(selectin)的寡糖配体，与淋巴细胞归巢有关adducin内收蛋白一种

18、细胞膜骨架蛋白，可与钙调蛋白结合adduct加合物，加成化合物adduct ion加合离子adenine腺嘌呤adenine arabinoside啊糖腺苷adenine phosphoribosyltransferase腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶adenoma腺瘤adenosine腺嘌呤核苷，腺苷adenosine deaminase腺苷脱氨酶adenosine diphoshate腺苷二磷酸adenosine monophosphate腺苷（一磷）酸adenosine phosphosulfate腺苷酰硫酸adenosine triphosphatase腺苷三磷酸酶adenosine triph

19、osphate腺苷三磷酸adenovirus腺病毒adenylate腺苷酸；腺苷酸盐、酯、根adenylate cyclase腺苷酸环化酶adenylate energy charge腺苷酸能荷adenylate kinase腺苷酸激酶adenylic acid腺苷酸adenylyl cyclase腺苷酸环化酶adenylylation腺苷酰化adherence粘着，粘附，粘连；贴壁adherent cell贴壁细胞；粘着（性）细胞，粘附（性）细胞adherent culture贴壁培养adhering junction粘着连接adhesin粘附素如见于大肠杆菌adhesion吸附，结合，粘合

20、；粘着，粘附，粘连adhesion factor粘着因子，粘附因子adhesion molecule粘着分子，粘附分子adhesion plaque粘着斑adhesion protein粘着蛋白，吸附蛋白adhesion receptor粘着受体adhesion zone粘着带如见于细菌壁膜之间adhesive粘合剂，胶粘剂adhesive glycoprotein粘着糖蛋白adipic acid己二酸，肥酸adipocyte脂肪细胞adipokinetic hormone脂动激素见于昆虫adipose tissue脂肪组织adjust动调节，调整；修正adjustable可调的adjusta

21、ble miropipettor可调微量移液管adjustable spanner活动扳手adjusted retention time调整保留时间adjusted retention volume调整保留体积adjuvant佐剂adjuvant cytokine佐剂细胞因子adjuvant peptide佐剂肽adjuvanticity佐剂（活）性adoptive immunity过继免疫adoptive transfer过继转移ADP ribosylationADP核糖基化ADP ribosylation factorADP核糖基化因子ADP ribosyltransferaseADP核糖

22、基转移酶adrenal cortical hormone肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenaline肾上腺素adrenergic receptor肾上腺素能受体adrenocepter肾上腺素受体adrenocorticotropic hormone促肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenodoxin肾上腺皮质铁氧还蛋白adriamycin阿霉素，亚德里亚霉素adsorbent吸附剂adsorption吸附adsorption catalysis吸附催化adsorption center吸附中心adsorption chromatography吸附层析adsorption film吸附膜adsorption

23、isobar吸附等压线adsorption isotherm吸附等温线adsorption layer吸附层adsorption potential吸附电势adsorption precipitation吸附沉淀adsorption quantity吸附量adult diarrhea rotavirus成人腹泻轮状病毒advanced glycosylation高级糖基化advanced glycosylation end product高级糖基化终产物adventitious不定的，无定形的adverse effect反效果，副作用aecidiospore锈孢子，春孢子aeciospore锈

24、孢子，春孢子aequorin水母蛋白，水母素aeration通气aerator加气仪，加气装置aerial mycelium气生菌丝体aerobe需氧菌利用分子氧进行呼吸产能并维持正常生长繁殖的细菌aerobic需氧的aerobic bacteria需氧（细）菌aerobic cultivation需氧培养aerobic glycolysis有氧酵解aerobic metabolism有氧代谢aerobic respiration需氧呼吸aerobic waste treatment需氧废物处理aerobiosis需氧生活aerogel气凝胶aerogen产气菌aerolysin气单胞菌溶素A

25、eromonas气单胞菌属aerosol气溶胶aerosol gene delivery气溶胶基因送递aerospray ionization气喷射离子化作用aerotaxis趋氧性（细胞）随环境中氧浓度梯度进行定向运动aerotolerant bacteria耐氧菌不受氧毒害的厌氧菌aerotropism向氧性aesculin七叶苷，七叶灵aetiology病原学afferent nerve传入神经affinity亲和，亲和性affinity adsorbent亲和吸附剂affinity chromatography亲和层析affinitycoelectrophoresis亲和共电泳用于研究

26、DNA结合蛋白affinity column亲和柱affinity coupling亲和偶联affinity electronmicroscopy亲和电镜（术）用亲和配体包被铜网affinity extraction亲和提取，亲和萃取affinity filtration亲和过滤affinity labeling亲和标记affinity ligand亲和配体affinity maturation亲和力成熟见于体液免疫系统的发育affinity partitioning亲和分配affinity precipitation亲和沉淀affinity purification亲和纯化（法）affini

27、ty tag（附加）亲和标记物aflatoxin黄曲酶毒素agar琼脂agar diffusion test琼脂扩散试验agar gel琼脂胶agar plate琼脂平板agarslant琼脂斜面固化时斜放的，装有固体培养基的一种试管培养基；也指斜面培养基上生长出的菌苔agarase琼脂糖酶agarfitine伞菌氨酸agaricin蘑菇素agaricinic acid蘑菇酸agaropectin琼脂胶agarose琼脂糖agarose gel琼脂糖凝胶agarose gel electrophoresis琼脂糖凝胶电泳agarose plate琼脂糖平板age pigment老年色素agen

28、t剂；介质agglutination凝集（作用）agglutinin凝集素agglutinogen凝集原aggrecan聚集蛋白聚糖来自软骨aggregate聚集体；凝聚体aggregation聚集（作用）aggressin攻击素细菌分泌的一种有助于侵染宿主细胞的化学物质aggressivity攻击力aging衰老，老化，陈化agitation振荡，振摇，搅拌agitator振荡器，搅拌器aglycone苷元，糖苷配基agonist兴奋剂，激动剂，刺激物；竞争剂；拮抗剂agranulocyte无粒细胞agravitropism无向重力性agretope抗原限制位抗原上识别并结合二类主要组织相容

29、性复合体的部位agricultural alcohol农产品（制）酒精agricultural waste农业废物，农业垃圾agrin集聚蛋白，集聚素由运动神经分泌并可诱导肌纤维的乙酰胆碱酯酶和乙酰胆碱受体发生聚集agrobacteriocin农杆菌素，土壤杆菌素Agrobacterium农杆菌属，土壤杆菌属Agrobacterium rhizogenes毛根农杆菌，毛根土壤杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciems根癌农杆菌，根瘤土壤杆菌agrochemical农用化学品如除草剂，杀虫剂等agrocin农杆素由某些农杆菌所产生并作用于另一些农杆菌的抗生素（不是蛋白质）agroci

30、nopine农杆糖酯一种糖磷酸二酯agroinfection农杆菌感染（法）agropine农杆氨酸，农杆碱见于毛根agropinic acid农杆鸟氨酸，鸟氨农杆碱见于毛根air bubble气泡air drying风干air filter空气滤器air monitering空气监测air peak空气峰，气泡峰air sterilization空气除菌airflow气流airflow meter气流计airflow moniter气流显示器，气流监控仪airlift bioreactor气升式生物反应器airlift fermentation气升式发酵airlift fermentor气升

31、式发酵罐airlock气锁akaryote无核细胞akinetic chromosome无着丝粒染色体akinetic fragment无着丝粒断片akinetic inversion无着丝粒倒位alamethicin丙甲甘肽来自绿色木酶的一种小肽，富含beta氨基异丁酸alanine丙氨酸alanine aminotransferase丙氨酸转氨酶alarm警报器，定时钟albinism白化病albizziin合欢氨酸，脲基丙氨酸albumin白蛋白，清蛋白alcohol醇；乙醇alcohol dehydrogenase醇脱氢酶；乙醇脱氢酶alcoholic fermentation生醇发酵

32、aldehyde醛；乙醛aldehyde dehydrogenase醛脱氢酶aldehyde oxidase醛氧化酶aldimine醛亚胺alditol糖醛aldol羟醛aldol condensation羟醛缩合aldolase醛缩酶aldonic acid醛糖酸aldose醛糖aldosterome醛固醇alduronic acid糖醛酸aleurome糊粉aleurome grain糊粉粒aleurome layer糊粉层alfalfa mosaic virus苜蓿花叶病毒alga藻类（单）algae藻类algicide杀藻剂algin藻胶alginate藻酸盐alginic acid藻

33、酸algocyan藻蓝素algorithm算法，公式alicyclic amine脂肪胺alicyclic compound脂环化合物alicyclic hydrocarbon脂环烃alignment顺序；排列；序列对比alimentary canal消化管aliphatic脂肪族的aliphatic amine alkaloid脂（肪）族胺（类）生物碱aliphatic compound脂肪族化合物aliquot小份，等份，等分部分alizarin茜素alkali碱，强碱alkali metal碱金属alkaline碱的，强碱的alkaline amino acid碱性氨基酸alkaline

34、 denaturation碱变性法alkaline earth metal碱土金属alkaline gel electrophoresis碱性凝胶电泳alkaline hydrolysis碱水解（作用）alkaline lysis碱裂解（法）alkaline phosphatase碱性磷酸酶alkaline protein碱性蛋白质alkaline reserve碱储备如血液中的碳酸氢钠alkalization碱化alkaloid生物碱alkane烷alkene烯alkyl烷基alkylating agent烷化剂alkylation烷（基）化alkyne炔all or none全或无all

35、or nothing全或无all transconfiguration全反构型allantoic acid尿囊酸allantoin尿囊素allatostatin咽侧体抑制素抑制保幼激素的分泌allatotropin促咽侧体素促进保幼激素的分泌allele等位基因allele linkage analysis等位基因连锁反应allelic complement等位（基因）互补allelic diversity等位（基因）多样化allelicexclusion等位（基因）排斥一个杂合子表现其任一异型性状的现象，有时特指成熟的B细胞只产生一种抗体而其等位结构不表达allelic inactivati

36、on等位（基因）失活allelic inclusion等位（基因）相容allelic replacement等位（基因）置换allelic variation等位（基因）变异allelism等位性allelomorph等位基因allelomorphism等位性allelopathic substance异柱克生物质，异种克生物质allelopathy异柱克生（现象），异种克生（现象）allergen变应原allergic变应性的allergic disease变应性疾病allergy变态反应alloantibody同种抗体alloantigen同种抗原allodiploid异源二倍体allod

37、iploidy异源二倍性allodiplomonosome异源二倍单体allogenic antigen同种异型抗原，同种异体抗原allograft同种异体移植allograft rejection同种异体移植排斥allogroup同种异型组allohaploid异源单倍体alloheteroploid异源异倍体allophycocyanin别藻蓝蛋白，别藻蓝素alloploid异源倍体alloploidy异源倍性allopolyhaploid异源多倍单倍体allopolyploid异源多倍体allopurinol别嘌呤醇allopurinol nucleotide别嘌呤醇核苷酸allorea

38、ctivity同种异体反应性allorecognition同种（异体）识别allose阿洛糖allosome异染色体allosteric activation别构激活，别构活化allosteric activator别构激活剂，别构活化剂allosteric control别构调节allosteric effect别构效应allosteric effector别构剂allosteric enzyme别构酶allosteric inbibition别构抑制allosteric inbibitor别构抑制剂allosteric interaction别构作用allosteric ligand别构配

39、体allosteric protein别构蛋白allosteric regulation别构调节allosteric site别构部位allosterictransition别构转换由别构剂所引起的蛋白质构象变化allosterism别构，变构allostery别构性allosynapsis异源联会allotope同种异型位allotrope同素异形体allotrtraploid异源四倍体allotype同种异型allotypic antigen同种异型抗原allotypic determinant同种异型决定簇allotypic marker同种异型标记allotypy同种异型性alloxa

40、n四氧嘧啶allozyme同种异型酶allyl烯丙基allyl resin烯丙基树脂allysine醛（基）赖氨酸alphavirus甲病毒属属于披膜病毒科alternate segregation相间分离alternating copolymer交替共聚物alternating copolymerization交替共聚合alternation of generations世代交替alternative另一种的，交替的，备择的alternative complement pathway补体旁路alternative pathway of complement补体旁路（途径）alternativ

41、e polyadenylation可变聚腺苷酸化alternative RNA processing可变RNA加工alternative RNA splicing可变RNA剪接，旁路RNA剪接alternative splicing可变剪接，旁路剪接alternative splicing factor可变剪接因子alternative transcription可变转录alternative transcription initiation可变转录起始alternatively spliced mRNA可变剪接的mRNAaltrose阿卓糖Alu familyAlu家族alum矾，明矾alu

42、minia氧化铝，矾土alveolar gas exchange肺泡气体交换alveolar surfactant肺泡表面活性物质alytensin产婆蟾（紧张）肽Alzheimer disease阿尔茨海默病，老年性痴呆amaerobic厌氧的amalgam汞齐amalgam electrode汞齐电极amanin鹅膏素amanitine鹅膏毒环肽amantadine金刚胺amanullin鹅膏无毒环肽amaryllidaceae alkaloid石蒜科生物碱amastatin氨肽酶抑制剂，抑氨肽酶肽amatoxin鹅膏毒素amber codon琥珀密码子即UAA终止密码子amber mut

43、ant琥珀突变体，琥珀突变型amber mutation琥珀突变amber suppression琥珀抑制ambersuppressor琥珀（突变）抑制基因，琥珀（突变）抑制因子Amberliteresin商Amberlite树脂，琥石树脂Rohm&Haas公司离子交换树脂的商品名ambident两可的ambident ion两可离子ambient周围的ambient temperature环境温度，室温ambiguous codon多义密码子ambisense双义ambisense genome双义基因组ambisenseRNA双义RNA同时编码蛋白质的病毒正链与负链RNAamboceper

44、双纳体既有绵羊红细胞结合位点又有补体结合位点的抗体ambutyrosin氨丁苷菌素amensalism偏害共栖American Type Culture Collection美国模式培养物保藏所amerol杀草强，氨基三唑Ames test埃姆斯试验amethopterin氨甲蝶呤amicetin友菌素amicillin resistance氨苄青霉素抗性amidase酰胺酶amidated peptide酰胺（化）肽amide酰胺amidine脒amidoblack酰胺黑可用于蛋白质SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的染色amido bond酰胺键amido link酰胺键amido linkage酰胺

45、键amidomycin胺霉素amidotrizoate3,5-双乙酰氨基-2,4,6-三碘苯甲酸盐amiloride氨氯吡嗪脒利尿药amination氨基化amine胺amine bormones胺类激素amine precursor uptake and decarboxylationsystem胺前体摄取（和）脱羧系统，APUD系统可提取胺前体并进行脱羧而产生肽类或活性胺的细胞系统amine transporter胺转运蛋白Aminexresin商Aminex树脂Bio-Rad公司离子交换树脂的商品名，一类HPLC级球形介质，是带功能基的苯乙烯二乙烯苯共聚物amino氨基amino acid arm氨基酸臂位于tRNA上