2013届高三英语二轮复习精品教学案：【专题四】介词、连词与状语从句(共12页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上【专题四】介词、连词与状语从句【考情分析】介词1常见介词的用法及辨析。2介词与其他词性所构成的一些短语。3在定语从句中，介词的使用情况。连词1. 考查并列连词、从属连词的用法2. 重点考查主从复合句和并列句的连接词的选用。状语从句1.状语从句的分类1.可分为时间、原因、地点、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较及方式等类型。2.状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词的辨析。3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连接词的用法差异。【知识归纳】介词：1.“名词介词”型the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/wayto；wis

2、h/desire/prize/respectfor；pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influenceon 2.“介词 名词”型(1)in 名词in advance在前头，事先，预先 in case如果，万一 in charge 主管，掌管，看管in common 共有，共同，公有 in demand 有需要的in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的(2) on 名词on guard在值勤 on leave 在休假 on holiday在度假 on strike罢工 on sale出售 on loan 借贷 onthe名词

3、on the move 在移动，搬迁；离开 on the march 在行军 on the flow 在涨潮 (3)beyond 名词beyond ones power 是某人力所不及的 beyond ones reach 够不着 beyond description 难以形容 beyond words 无法用语言形容 beyond doubt 无疑 (4)under 名词under development在发展中under observation 在观察中 under test 在测试中 under construction 在建设中under examination 在检查(调查)中 un

4、der consideration 在考虑中 (5)at 名词at length详细地，长时间 at sea 茫然 at will 任意地at work 在上班at lunch 在吃午饭 at rest在休息 at table 在吃饭 at school 上学 at church 做礼拜 at peace 处于和平状态(6)out of 名词out of breath上气不接下气 out of balance 失去平衡 out of date 过时 out of patience 不耐烦3“动词介词”搭配rob sb. of sth. ; supply us with food ;make a

5、 desk of wood ; make bread from flour介词 the 部位与动词的关系(动词 sb.s 部位，可换用)strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用)catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用)注意：同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异的情况。reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和音乐唱(跳)，amount to 达到，加起来有，devote to把贡献给，drink to为干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，com

6、e to苏醒，belong to属于，search for搜，ask.for.寻找，use.for用作，leave for前往，take.for误以为，4“形容词介词”型at前的adj.：angry, good, bad, surprised, excited, puzzled等。of前的adj.：afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy等。worthy of值得的；proud of(take pride in)自豪；sure of / about确信；fond of喜欢；full of充满with前的adj.: angry

7、, strict, busy, careful, popular, patient等。satisfied with (by)满意；busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事；wrong with不对in前的adj.：strict, weak, interested, successful, rich等。to前的adj.：polite, kind, cruel, rude, close, available等。similar to相似for前的adj.：sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious，(be) hungry/thirs

8、ty等。grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人；fit for适合；ready for准备from前的adj.：far, different, free, safe等。free from没有(免除)；far from离远about前的adj.：worried, anxious, careful，curious等。glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴5复杂介词型(1)表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于，因为”。because of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；on account of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。(2)表示

9、“除之外”。with the exception of except, except for“除之外”；apart from (美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除之外”，相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides； in addition to“除之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。(3)表示“有关，关于”。concerning=regarding“关于，就而论，在方面”；with respect to“关于，就而言”；as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。(4)表示“在之前”。ahead of=in adv

10、ance of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”，还可表示“领先，优于”；in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在前方”。(5)表示“支持，赞成”。in support of 维护，支持，支援；in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于”。(6)表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。in the light of 按照，考虑到 in terms of 就而言，谈到 according to 根据；按照in view of 鉴于，因为(7)表示“尽管”。in spite of 尽管，不管连词连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，

11、谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。1并列连词并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and(和)，as well as(既又)，both. and(不但而且)，not only. but also(不但而且)，not .but(不是而是)，neither.nor(既不也不)， either. or(不是就是)，or(或者)，but (但是)，yet(然而)，for(因为)，so(所以)，while(而)，when(这时)等。如：Both my br

12、other and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy(暗沉沉的)/ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious(光荣的)yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot.2从属连词从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as s

13、oon as (2)引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as(3)引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter(无论), even if (though)(4)引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as (5)引导结果状语从句的：so. that., such.that.(6)引导目的状语从句的：so that., in order that.(7)引导比较状语从句的：as.as., not so (as). as.，. than.(8)引导方式状语从句的：as if.(9)引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词

14、主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。3.几组容易混淆的并列连词： (1)and, or和but I must work hard, or Ill fail in the contest. Make up your mind, and youll get the chance.Would you like to come to dinner tonight?Id like to, but Im too busy. (2)not only.but (also), as well as不但而且She plays not on

15、ly the piano, but (also) the guitar.Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.(3)neither.nor “既不也不”； both.and.“两者都”；either.or.“不是就是”Neither you nor he is to blame.Either you or I am right. (4)not.but. 不是而是 They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of ahuman bei

16、ng.(5)for 因为 He is absent today, for he is ill. 注意：for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。(6)so, therefore因此He hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game.状语从句：（一）时间状语从句时间状语从句1when, while, as的区别这三个词都可以用作连接词，表示时间关系，但有所区别。 (1)when表示时间关系时，意思常常是“当(在)的时候”。主句和从句中的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。例如： When we were at

17、school, we went to the library every day.我们在求学的时候，每天都到图书馆去。 (2)while 用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)的时候”，主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生。它有时可与when通用，但它只能指一段时间(a period of time)，而不能指一点时间的(a point of time)。如上面第一个例句中的when，可以用while代替；而第二个例句中的when，就不能用while代替。例如： Please dont talk so aloud while others are working.别人在

18、工作的时候，请勿大声讲话。 (3)as用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)时候”，往往可与when或while通用，但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例如： I saw him as he was getting off the bus.当他下公共汽车的时候，我看见了他。 2一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every time。如：The first time I got to the island, I was amazed by i

19、ts beauty.我第一次到这座岛屿的时候，我就对它的美丽感到惊异。The moment I entered the room, I smelled something usual.我一走进房间里，就觉得不对头。Every time I visit him, he is always reading.每次当我拜访他的时候，他总是在读书。3directly和immediately也可作为连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”，相当于the moment/the instant和as soon as。如：I knew something was wrong directly I arrived.我

20、一到就知道出事了。 The boys did all sorts of mischief immediately my back was turned.我一转身孩子们就捣乱。4before 和afterbefore 引导的从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后，如果从句是过去时，主句一般要用过去完成时或一般过去时。after引导的从句动作通常发生在主句动作之前，如果主句要用过去时，从句则要用过去完成时或一般过去时。例如：The plane had taken off before he arrived at the airport.他到机场前飞机早就起飞了。After he had lived in

21、 the south for nearly 20 years, he decided to go to seek his fortune in the north.他在南方生活了将近二十年后，决定去北方碰碰运气。They arrived at the cinema after the film began.电影开始之后他们到了影院。5no sooner.than 和hardly (scarcely). when这两个连词词组都是表示主句与从句动作随即发生，意为“一就”。主句动词用过去完成时。如果no sooner, hardly 或scarcely位于句首，主句要倒装。例如：No sooner

22、 had he entered the house than it began to rain.他刚走进房间天就开始下起雨来了。He had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.他刚上床电话就响了。6till 和until这两个词的用法十分近似，都表示“直到”，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句要用延续性动词；在否定句中，主句要用非延续性动词，这时until和before同义。例如：Until they had finished the work, they did not go home.直到他们完成工作才回家。7. It 与befo

23、re, since, when引导的时间状语从句连用时的区别：(1)It is/has been时间段since . 自从以来已有多长时间了。(2)It is/was时间点when . when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当的时候，是”。 (3)It be 时间段 before . it 指时间， 主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“之后”。例如：How long is it since we met last time

24、?自从上一次我们见面以来已有多长时间了？It was a lready midnight when I got home.当我到家时已是半夜了。It was not long before she got married and moved to Japan.不久她就结婚，搬往日本了。（二）地点状语从句地点状语从句用where, wherever引导Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever they went, they received a warm welcome.无论他们走到哪儿都受到热烈欢迎。（三）原因状语从句原因状语

25、从句用because（因为），since（既然）, as（由于）引导1、由why提问必须用because回答。since, as不回答why的提问，而且从句一般放在句首，because一般放在主句之后。2、because of +名词Because of the rain, we didnt go to the park.3、because 和so不可连用，只能选其一。（另有although, but）Why didnt he come to school? Because he was ill.Since I must die, I must. 既然我一定要死，我一定这样做。4、for并列连

26、词，不能放在句首，主要放在两个并列句之间。for所提供的理由为一个补充说明，而且前面常有逗号隔开。The days are short, for it is December now.（四）目的状语从句目的状语从句用so（常用于口语）, that, so that, in order that引导目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。Well sit never to the front so we can hear better.He studied hard so that he might succeed.他努力学习

27、，以便成功。They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.他们急忙赶往火车站，以便能赶上火车。（五）条件状语从句1if 和unlessif 表示正面的条件，意为“如果”，unless表示反向的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。例如：If youve got exams tomorrow, why arent you studying？如果你明天有考试，你为什么不学习？The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rains.运动会明天将要开始，除非下雨。【专家提醒

28、】条件状语从句中常用一般时表示将要发生的动作。2. providing, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that), as long as, so long as, on condition that 和in case这些连词(词组)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在条件下”等意思。例如：All living things respire as long as they live.所有的生物只要他们活着都要呼吸。Supposing (that) you fail a second time, dont get disappointed, but

29、 try again.假如你又一次失败了，不要泄气，再试一次。On condition that the liquid is cooled still further, it will turn to a solid.如果液体进一步冷却的话，会变成固体。3only if和if onlyonly if 引导的从句用陈述语气，意为“只要”； if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿”，“要是就好了”。例如：only if you have persistence, can you achieve great success.惟有你坚持下去，你才能成功。If only I had wings

30、, I would be able to travel around the world easily.如果我有翅膀，我就能够轻松地环游地球了。（六）结果状语从句结果状语从句由suchthat, sothat, so that, that 引导1. such that 的常用句型such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+thatsuch +形容词+可数名词单数+thatsuch+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that注意so many （much, few, little） +名词，such a lot of （或lots of）+名词是惯用法，不可乱用。She is such a

31、beautiful girl that we all like her.They were such beautiful flower that we bought home.It was such delicious food that they ate it up.2. so+形容词或副词+thatso+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+thatHe is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.It was such a good day

32、that we all went swimming.3. so that, that都可以引导结果状语从句He didnt study hard, （so） that he failed the exam.4. tooto, enoughto 可以引导结果状语从句与sothat 替换，sothat结构可以用tooto替换必须具备两个条件，一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致，二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can（could） not.She is so young that she cant go to school.She is too young to go to school.She is

33、nt old enough to go to school.（七）让步状语从句1让步状语从句可由although，though，as，while，even if(though)，whatever，whether.or.，no matter who (when，what.)等引导。Although/Though she works very hard，(yet) she makes very slow progress.尽管她学习很努力，但还是进步不快。Whenever Im unhappy(No matter when Im unhappy)，it is my friend who cheer

34、s me up.不管什么时候我不高兴，总是我的朋友给我鼓励。【专家提醒】(1)however引导让步状语从句时，与它所修饰的词一起放在句首。(2)英语不允许在though 或although从句后同时用but。如果要强调前后两个部分的对比意义，可以在主句前加上yet或still。2as引导的让步状语从句的常见的几种倒装方式(1)如果从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词副词”时，常将从句中的副词提到从句的句首。Hard as you may try，you will not succeed.尽管你努力了，你可能不会成功。(2)如果从句的谓语部分为“情态动词不及物动词”，常将这个不及物动词提到从句的句首。

35、Wait as you may，he will not see you.尽管你等了，他可能不会见你。(3)如果从句的谓语部分是“系动词单数名词”，则常将这个作表语的名词提前，但这个名词前面的不定冠词要省略。Child as he is，he can tell right from wrong.尽管他还是个孩子，他能明辨是非。3while作“尽管”讲引导让步状语从句时往往放在句首While I understand your viewpoint，I dont agree with you.尽管我明白你的观点，我不赞成你。（八）方式状语从句1as 和just as二者都表示“如；犹如，正如”。ju

36、st as 比as强调的语气更强。例如：In the early days, people could not count as we do now.在早期日子中，人们不和我们现在一样能计数。Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.大部植物像它们需要水一样，也需要阳光。2as if 和as thoughas if 或as though从句可以用陈述语气，表示可能符合事实的情况；也可以用虚拟语气，表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况，意为“好像，仿佛”。例如：It looks as though it is going to rain.天看

37、起来要下雨。He spoke as if he were a philosopher.他说话就像是一位哲学家。(从句动词与主语谓语同时发生，从句谓语要用一般过去时)He speaks as if he had been to the moon.他谈起话来就好像是去过月球。(从句动作发生在主句谓语之前，从句谓语要用过去完成时)He speaks as if he would fly to the moon.他谈起话来就好像是要飞往月球。(从句动词发生在主句谓语之后，从句谓语要用would/could/mightdo)（九）比较状语从句比较状语从句由asas, not as（so）as, than

38、, the+比较级，the+比较级引导He swims as well as you. （do）He doesnt swim as well as you （do）.He got here earlier than you. （did）The busier he is, the happier he feels.【考点例析】1.China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _all its citizens. 【2012福建卷】A. in charge ofB. for the purpose of C. in honor ofD.

39、 for the benefit of1.D考查介词短语。 In charge of “负责”；for the purpose of“为了目的”；in honor of“为了纪念”；for the benefit of“为了的利益”，依据句意，D为正确答案。2.Brown said he was by no means annoyed;_ he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood. 【2012浙江卷】A. all in allB. for one thingC. on the contrary D. by the way

40、2. C 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：布朗说他一点儿都不恼火。相反（on the contrary）他很高兴能够被透彻理解。All in all总而言之；for one thing其一；by the way顺便讲一下，均不符合语境，故排除。解题的关键是对词组by no means=never（决不）的理解。故正确答案为C。3._all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word. 【2012浙江卷】A. From B. Of C. For D. With3. B 本题考查介

41、词用法。From从；for为了；with有，均不符合语境。two dogs所属于all animals，故用介词of表示这种关系，故答案B符合语境。4. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home 【2012湖北卷】A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place4.D考查介词短

42、语辨析。句意为：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明丽，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。A项意为“毫无疑问”，B项意为“次序颠倒”，C项意为“看不见”，都与句意不符。D项意为“与不相称”，符合句意。5. Thank God youre safe!I stepped back, just_to avoid the racing car. 【2012江苏卷】A. in timeB. in caseC. in needD. in vain5.A 考查介词短语。句意为：谢天谢地，你是安全的！我走回去，正好避免赛车。in time意为“及时”，in case意为“万一，假使”；in need

43、意为“需要”；in vain意为“徒劳，无济于事”。依据题意，A为正确答案。6.This training program can give you a lift at work, _ increase your income by 40%.【2012四川卷】A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as6. A 本题考查介词as构成的短语用法区别。A意为“除之外（还有）；和”；B意为“只要”；C意为“与一样多”（不用于肯定句）；D意为“一就”。此题句意为：这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。

44、根据句意选A。7. A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. 【2012山东卷】A. whenB. whereC. before D. until 7.B考查状语从句的连接词。句意：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方矗立起来了。此处应为where引导地点状语从句，表示“在地方”。故B为正确答案。8. He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. 【2012山东卷】A. asB. if C. unless

45、D. though8.A考查状语从句的连接词。句意：当玛丽为她喝醉了朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。此处是as引导这个时间状语从句，这里smile和apologize同时进行，as意为：当的时候。故A为正确答案。9. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_ gets more financial support from the European Union. 【2012福建卷】A. if B. unlessC. because D. since9. B考查连词。句意：“除非有来自欧洲联盟的

46、更多的经济支持，否则希腊政府很难克服目前的困难”，只能选择unless“除非”才能使句意完整。 10You can borrow my car_you promise not to drive too fast. 【2012江西卷】Aunless Beven ifCin caseDas long as10.D 考查状语从句。句意：只要你保证不开得太快，你就可以把我的车借走。A.unless除非，B.even if即使，C.in case以防万一，D.as long as只要。选D。【方法技巧】1常见介词的用法，以及常见介词的辨析。2介词与动词、形容词所构成的短语要熟记。3介词加关系代词引导的定语从句中，介词的选用要重点注意。4. 弄清楚易混介词的用法异同；能够根据具体语境灵活运用介词。5.