最全最好状语从句导学案(共41页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上状语从句（adverbial clauses）学习目标：懂得状语从句的定义，句法功能，分类，引导词（又称从属连词），及各类状语从句的用法，联系高考试题提高学生分析和解决问题的能力。学习方法：自主学习讲义内容，独立完成题目并且小组讨论达标练习和巩固练习。概念及分类：句子可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句；复合句中从句可分为定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句。用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句；2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句； 4.条件状语从句；5.目的状语从句；6.让步状语从句； 7.比较状语从句； 8.方式

2、状语从句；9.结果状语从句。一：时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when, as, while, until, notuntil, before, after, since, the minute, the moment, the instant, the while, each( every, next, the first) time等。时间状语从句 中一般用一般现在时或一般过去时。when , while, as都可解释为“当的时候”但侧重点有所不同。when Eg: When I arrived home , I had a little rest.注意点：when 从句的主

3、语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be 动词时，从句主语和be可以省略。Eg: When (she was) walking along the street, she met her class teacher.asAs 除了表示“当的时候”，还可表示为“一面一面”，“随着”Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面一面) You will grow wiser as you grow older.(随着)While表示“当的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时， 从句动词必须是延续性动词。Eg: While we were working, they were

4、 having a rest. While (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused.注意点：while 有对比的含义，解释为“然而”。eg: I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee.while 然而(用于句中) : He likes pop music while I am fond of folk music. 虽然,尽管(用于句首) While volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball. 当时候;随

5、着 He smiled politely as Mary apologized for her drunken friends.before 在之前,.才 We had sailed four days before we saw land. 还没来得及 Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. It was +时间段+before sb did sth(过了多久就)It will be+时间段+before sb does sth (要过多久才)It was two weeks before we met again.两周之后我们才见

6、面。It will be two weeks before we meet again. 我们再过两个周才能见面。It is/ has been +段时间+ since sb did sth （自从以来多长时间）It is/has been 10 years since we said goodbye.我们分别已经十年了。It is/has been 10 years since I lived in London.我不住在伦敦已经十年了。until, notuntil表示“直到才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。肯定句：I waited until midnig

7、ht.否定句：I did not leave until midnight.注意点：1）not until在句首，主句用倒装eg: Not until you had explained how did I manage to do it.2) It is not untilthat引导的强调句It was not until it was dark that he came back.3. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the while, no soone

8、rthan, hardly/scarcelywhen, once都可表示“一就”eg: The worker recognized the type of the machine the moment he saw it.注意点：the minute, the moment, each ( every, next, the first) time作连词不和when 连用。 4. since 自从 She has been working in this factory since she left school. 既然 Since Babara is no longer my wife, Im

9、 no longer responsible for her debts. 既然芭芭拉不再是我的妻子，我也不用再负责她的债务了。5Hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan, as soon as表示为“一就”eg: I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. It began to rain as soon as I got home.注意点：Hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonertha

10、n位于句首，主句用倒装eg: Had I hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.【重难点自我检测突破】when, while和as1,when, 观察下面例句，总结其用法：When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. When the film ended, the people went back. 总结：从句表示的动作_,主句和从句的先后关系_。在下列句子中，whe

11、n 的含义是：_,做为并列连词。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rainShe was on the point of going to shop when the telephone rang.Hardly had I arrived when the train left.He had just finished his home work when someone asked him to play ba

12、sketball.总结：_: _; _观察下列句子中when 的含义：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one?when 表示条件，意思接近“在.情况下”whenever: I go to the theater whenever I get the chance.(每当，每次)Come and see me whenever you want t

13、o.（在任何时候）2,while ,观察例句并总结用法：We were listening/listened to the radio while he was reading newspaper. I like tea while he like coffee.Please dont talk so loud while others are working.总结：while引导的从句谓语动词必须是_, 常用_时。作为并列连词，表示_，翻译成_；语气比but _。把while的含义写在后面括号内： While we didnt agree, we continue to be good fr

14、iends. ( ) While they are my neighbors, I dont know them well. ( )While there is life, there is hope. ( )Strike the iron while it is hot. ( ) 总结：while 除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导_。3. as引导时间状语从句：As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer. He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 从属连词as 可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行

15、或同时发生，可译为_或者_。温馨提示：当主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when ,while ,as 可互换使用。When /While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.题组训练 用while，when， as 填空： _ I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store._ John arrived, I was cooking l

16、unch._ he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.How can he get good grades _ he wont study?I was wandering through the street_ I caught sight of a tailors shop._ the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the mom

17、ent, the minute, the instant, no soonerthan,hardly(scarecely,barely)when这些从属连词引导的从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为_.The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 注意：在no soonerthan ;hardl

18、y/scarcely/barelywhen 结构中，主句用_，从句使用_时态。此外，当把no sooner或hardly等提到句首时，应用_语序。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly _.I had no sooner come home than it began to rain.=No sooner _.题组训练 英译汉：They phoned immediately they reached home._The year my brother joined the army I graduated from the hig

19、h school._I had waited for 3 hours by the time the train arrived.(注意主句时态： )_Every time I see her, she is always busy._I want to see her the moment she arrives._表示时间的名词或名词短语也可以引起时间状语从句，如：_. till until 和not untilHe remained there until she arrived.You may stay here until the rain stops.He wont go to b

20、ed until she returns.Until you told me I have no idea of it.It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. 观察以上各句，找出用法。肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是_,意为某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。 否定句：主句谓语动词必须是_,意为某动作直到某时间才开始。_可以用于句首，而_不可以。在强调句型中not until 两词在一起不分开；句首时，_要倒装。题组训练 句型转换I di

21、dnt leave until she came back._she came back _leave._not until she came back_ I _. before ,after和since1.before, 在之前：翻译下面的句子：Look before you leap. _All things are difficult before they are easy. _把下列各句中的before的含义写在后面： We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. （ ）We hadnt run a mile

22、before he felt tired. （ ）Please write it down before you forget it. （ ）Before I could get in a word, he had measured me （ ）before 构成的固定句型，看例句总结：It will be a year before you leave school.It was a long time before I got to sleep again. It will be +_ before (谓语动词用_) It was +_before(谓语动词用_)2.since：I hav

23、e written home four times since I came here.She has been working in this factory since he left school.I have seen her twice since he lived here.总结：since从句的谓语动词一般是_动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性或者反复发生的动作。主句时态为_,从句时态为_。从句动词若是延续性动词，则表示_。概括since构成的句型，：It is three years since the war broke out It is three years since I

24、smoked a cigar. It was years since I had seen her._把以上句子翻译成汉语。_在“It is + 一段时间+ since 从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。 3. after 在之后I will tell them after you leave (you have left ).I told them after you left/ had left .你能发现after之后的时态吗？_ 二：地点状语和原因状语从句地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有:where, wherever以及 where构成的复合词等 eg

25、: She found her calculator where she lost it. Wherever I am, I will miss you.注意点：eg: I happened to see your dictionary lie where I used it last time.（地点状语从句） I happened to see your dictionary lie in the lab where I used it last time.（定语从句）【重难点自我检测突破】1地点状语引导词为_和_.请填写：You are free to go _ you like.Go

26、back _ you come from.Make a mark _ you have any questions.翻译下列句子：Where there is a will, there is a way. _ Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire. _以上两句where从句表示抽象含义，从句必须放在主句之前。注意区分where 引导的状语从句和定语从句题组训练,判断下列各句中包括什么从句：Go back to the place where you come from. ( )This is the shop where I bought my b

27、ike. ( )Go back where you come from. ( )Make a mark where you have any questions. ( )总结：你是根据什么作出判断的？_2.原因状语从句【重难点自我检测突破】引导原因状语从句的连词有：because, since, as , now that ,considering that, for the reason that , due to the fact that,owing to the fact that等1becausebecause语气最强，通常用于回答why 提出的问题注意点：在it wasthat的强

28、调结构中，强调原因状语从句可用because引导，不用since,as, for引导。Eg: It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the situation.2. since和as：since的语气比because 弱，比as强，表示间接的，已知的原因，自然的结果，表示“既然，由于”。Eg: As/ Since you are not very well, you had better have a rest.3for：当for表示原因关系时，for分句是对第一分句内容的推

29、断或猜测。Eg: It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.用表格来表示就是：because, as, since, now that项目位置内涵语气能否回答why能否被强调because(因为)主句前或后直接因果关系强能能as（由于）主句前或后双方都知道的原因弱/Since/now that(既然)主句前双方都知道的原因弱/ for(因为)句中补充说明原因或推断的依据弱/如：I was absent from the meeting because I was ill. As it is raining, we wil

30、l not go to the park. Now that/ Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet【重难点自我检测突破】引导词：because, as, since, now that, 每个连词的含义不尽相同，观察例句总结用法：-Why were you absent from the meeting?-Because I was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go to the pa

31、rk.Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our class.Since you are busy, you dont have to go.总结：because表示_, 用来回答_提出的问题； as 和since表示_, as 可以翻译成_,since 翻译成_;as 的位置可以在主句前或者后，而since ,now that 只能在主句_.此外，for,并列连词，也可表示原因，起补充说明的作用。It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.三：目的状语从句和结果状语从句引导

32、目的状语从句的连词有： so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that等。Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. （so that 引导的从句只能置于主句之后）我会慢慢说以便你能懂。In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early. （in order that可前可后）为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发。Mary didnt get out of bed for fear that she mi

33、ght wake her baby up. 玛丽不想起床，担心吵醒宝宝。Take your raincoat in case it rains. 带上雨衣以防下雨。注意：目的状语从句中多用情态动词can, could, may, mightEg: You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all. He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it. Better take more clothes in case the weather is c

34、old.注意点：lest, in case, for fear that所引导的状语从句中，动词可以用虚拟语气，形式为should+动词原形，也可不用虚拟语气，用动词的一般现在时或一般过去时。Eg: You had better leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.【重难点自我检测突破】目的状语从句的引导词有从属连词_I will speak slowly _ you can understand me._ we might see the sunrise, we start

35、ed for the peak early.在口语中，so that 引导从句时，_可以省略。We will seat near the front so (that) we can hear more clearly.The boy hid himself behind the tree _ his father ( should ) see him.for fear that, in case, lest 引导目的状语从句，谓语动词可以使用should +动词原形。结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有： so that, sothat, suchthat等 eg: He is so you

36、ng that he can not go to school. He is such a young boy that he can not go to school.1常用句型：so+形容词/副词+that从句so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句such +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句such +形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句so和such的搭配规律such修饰名词或名词词组so修饰形容词或副词,so还可接many, few, much, little（少）等。Eg: so foolish such a fool so nice a flowe

37、r such a nice flower so many/few flowers such nice flowers so much/little money such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people 当so/suchthat结构中的so或such放在句首时，主句用倒装语序。So proud was he that he never listened to any advice. 【重难点自我检测突破】引导结果状语从句的引导词有_,观察例句，概括结构：Mike is such an honest worker that we

38、 all believe him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family._ _._ _当so或such置于句首时，主要倒装语序。So clever a student _that he was able to work out the difficult problem.题组训练：用so 或such填空It is surprising that _ little worms eat _ many grains.He is _smart a boy that I lik