单片机交通灯中英文资料对照外文翻译文献(共16页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 单片机交通灯 中英文资料对照外文翻译文献原 文题目：DESIGN OF TRAFFIC LIGHT BASED ON MCUBecause of the rapid development of our economy resulting in the car number of large and medium-sized cities surged and the urban traffic, is facing serious test, leading to the traffic problem increasingly serious, its basi

2、cally are behaved as follows: traffic accident frequency, to the human life safety enormous threat, Traffic congestion, resulting in serious travel time increases, energy consumption increase; Air pollution and noise pollution degree of deepening, etc. Daily traffic jams become people commonplace an

3、d had to endure. In this context, in combination with the actual situation of urban road traffic, develop truly suitable for our own characteristics of intelligent signal control system has become the main task.PrefaceIn practical application at home and abroad, according to the actual traffic signa

4、l control application inspection, planar independent intersection signal control basic using set cycle, much time set cycle, half induction, whole sensor etc in several ways. The former two control mode is completely based on planar intersection always traffic flow data of statistical investigation,

5、 due to traffic flow the existence of variable sex and randomicity, the two methods have traffic efficiency is low, the scheme, the defects of aging and half inductive and all the inductive the two methods are in the former two ways based on increased vehicle detector and according to the informatio

6、n provided to adjust cycle is long and green letter of vehicle, it than random arrived adaptability bigger, can make vehicles in the parking cord before as few parking, achieve traffic flowing effectIn modern industrial production,current,voltage,temperature, pressure, and flow rate, velocity, and s

7、witch quantity are common mainly controlled parameter. For example: in metallurgical industry, chemical production, power engineering, the papermaking industry, machinery and food processing and so on many domains, people need to transport the orderly control. By single chip microcomputer to control

8、 of traffic, not only has the convenient control, configuration simple and flexible wait for an advantage, but also can greatly improve the technical index by control quantity, thus greatly improve product quality and quantity. Therefore, the monolithic integrated circuit to the traffic light contro

9、l problem is an industrial production we often encounter problems.In the course of industrial production, there are many industries have lots of traffic equipment, in the current system, most of the traffic control signal is accomplished by relays, but relays response time is long, sensitivity low,

10、long-term after use, fault opportunity increases greatly, and adopts single-chip microcomputer control, the accuracy of far greater than relays, short response time, software reliability, not because working time reduced its performance sake, compared with, this solution has the high feasibility.Abo

11、ut AT89C511.function characteristics description:AT89C51 is a low power consumption, high performance CMOS8 bit micro-controller, has the 8K in system programmable Flash memory. Use high-density Atmel company the beltpassword nonvolatile storage technology and manufacturing, and industrial 80S51 pro

12、duct instructions and pin fully compatible. Chip Flash allow program memory in system programmable, also suitable for conventional programmer. In a single chip, have dexterous 8 bits CPU and in system programmable Flash, make AT89C51 for many embedded control application system provides the high fle

13、xible, super efficient solution. AT89C51 has the following standard function: 8k bytes Flash, 256 bytes RAM, 32-bit I/O mouth line, the watchdog timer, two data pointer, three 16 timer/counter, a 6 vector level 2 interrupt structure, full-duplex serial port, piece inside crystals timely clock circui

14、t. In addition, AT89C51 can drop to 0Hz static logic operation, support two software can choose power saving mode. Idle mode, the CPU to stop working, allowing the RAM, timer/counter, serial ports, interruption continue to work. Power lost protection mode, RAM content being saved, has been frozen, m

15、icrocontroller all work stop, until the next interruption or hardware reset so far. As shown in figure 1 for the AT89C51 pins allotment.Figure 1 the AT89C51 pins allotment2.interrupt introductionAT89C51 has six interrupt sources: two external interruption, (and), three timer interrupt (timer 0, 1, 2

16、) and a serial interrupts. Each interrupt source can be passed buy bits or remove IE the relevant special register interrupt allow control bit respectively make effective or invalid interrupt source. IE also includes an interrupt allow total control bit EA, it can be a ban all interrupts. IE. Six is

17、 not available. For AT89C51, IE. 5 bits are also not be used. User software should not give these bits write 1. They AT89 series for new product reserved. Timer 2 can be TF2 and the T2CON registers EXF2 or logical triggered. Program into an interrupt service, the sign bit can be improved by hardware

18、 qing 0. In fact, the interrupt service routine must determine whether TF2 or EXF2 activation disruption, the sign bit must also by software qing 0. Timer 0 and 1 mark a timer TF0 and TF1 has been presented in the cycle count overflow S5P2 074 bits. Their value until the next cycle was circuit captu

19、re down. However, the timer 2 marks a TF2 in count overflow of the cycle of S2P2 074 bits, in the same cycle was circuit capture down3.external clock driving characteristicssymbolsparametersminimumThe maximumunit1/TCLCLOscillatorFrequency024MHzTCLCLClock Period41.6nsTCHCXHigh Time15nsTCLCXLow Time15

20、nsTCLCHRise Time20nsTCHCLFall Time20nsTable 14.leisure and power lost pattern external pins statemodeProgram memoryALEpsenPort0Port1Port2Port3idleinternal11datadatadataDataIdleExternal11floatDatadataDataPower downInternal00DataDataDataDataPower downExternal00floatdataDatadataTable 2 About 8255 chip1

21、.8255 features:(1)A parallel input/output LSI chips, efficacy of I/O devices, but as CPU bus and peripheral interface.(2)It has 24 programmable Settings of I/O mouth, even three groups of 8 bits I/O mouth to mouth, PB mouth and PA PC mouth. They are divided into two groups 12 I/O mouth, A group incl

22、uding port A and C mouth (high four, PC4 PC7), including group B and C port B mouth (low four, PC0 PC3). A group can be set to give basic I/O mouth, flash control (STROBE) I/O flash controlled, two-way I/O3 modes, Group B can only set to basic I/O or flash controlled the I/O, and these two modes of

23、operation mode entirely by controlling registers control word decision.2. 8255 pins efficacy: (1). RESET: RESET input lines, when the input outside at high levels, all internal registers (including control registers) were removed, all I/O ports are denoting input methods. (2). CS: chip choose a stan

24、dard lamp line 1, when the input pins for low levels, namely/CS = 0, said chip is selected, allow 8255 and CPU for communications, / CS = 1, 8255 cannot with CPU do data transmission.(3). RD: read a standard lamp line 1, when the input pins for low levels, namely/RD = 0 and/CS = 0, allow 8255 throug

25、h the data bus to the CPU to send data or state information, namely the CPU 8255 read from the information or data. (4). The WR: write a standard lights, when the input pins for low levels, namely/WR = 0 and/CS = 0, allows the CPU will data or control word write 8255. (5). D7: three states D0 two-wa

26、y data bus, 8255 and CPU data transmission channel, when the CPU execution input/output instruction, through its realization 8 bits of data read/write operation, control characters and status information transmitted through the data bus.(6). PA0 PA7: port A input and output lines, A 8 bits of data o

27、utput latches/buffers, an 8 bits of data input latches.(7). PB0 PB7: port B input and output lines, a 8 bits of I/O latches, an 8 bits of input and output buffer. (8). PC0 PC7: port C input and output lines, a 8 bits of data output latches/buffers, an 8 bits of data input buffer. Port C can through

28、the way of working setting into two four ports, every 4 digit port contains A 4 digit latches, respectively with the port A and port B cooperate to use, can be used as control standard lights output or state standard lights input ports. (9). A0, A1: address selection line, used to select the PA 8255

29、 mouth, PB mouth, PC mouth and controlling registers. When A0=0, A1= 0, PA mouth be chosen; When A0=0, A1 = 1, PB mouth be chosen; When A0=0, A1 = 1, PC mouth be chosen; When A0=1, A1= 1, control register is selected. Concerning seven section LED display introduction Through light emitting diode chi

30、p appropriate link (including series and parallel) and appropriate optical structure. May constitute a luminous display light-emitting segments or shine points. By these luminous segments or shine point can be composed digital tube, symbols tube, m word pipe, tube, multilevel matrix display tube etc

31、. Usually the digital tube, symbols tube, m word tube were called stroke display, but the stroke displays and matrix tube collectively referred to as character displays. 1. The LED display classification (1) by word high marks: stroke monitors word high least 1mm (monolithic integrated type more dig

32、ital tube word high in commonly 2 3mm). Other types of stroke display tiptop 1.27 mm (0.5 inch) even up to hundreds of mm. (2) color-coded score red, orange, yellow, green and several kinds. (3) according to the structure points, reflecting cover type, a single point-elastic and monolithic integrate

33、d type. (4) from the luminous section electrode connection mode of points of anode and cathode two kinds. 2. LED display parameters Due to the LED display is LED based, so its light, and the electrical characteristics and ultimate meaning of the parameters with most of the same light emitting diode.

34、 But because the LED monitor containing multiple light emitting diode, it must has the following specific parameters: (1) the luminous intensity ratio Due to the digital tube paragraphs in the same driving voltage, each are not identical, so positive current each different. The luminous intensity Al

35、l segments of the luminous intensity values the ratio of the maximum and minimum values for the luminous intensity ratio. The ratio between 2.3 in 1.5 , the maximum cannot exceed 2.5.(2) pulse positive current IF each segment of typical strokes displays for positive dc working current IF, then the p

36、ulse, positive current can be far outweigh.someotherwordpeopledontthinkoffirst. Pulse 390v smaller, pulse positive current can be bigger. Traffic signal control type The purpose of the traffic signal control are three: first,in time and space space intersection traffic in different directions,contro

37、l traffic operation order; Second, make on planar cross the road network on the people and objects of transport at the highest efficiency, Third, as the road users to provide necessary information, and help them to effectively use the traffic facilities. Road traffic signal control of basic types ha

38、ve many points method. According to the control geometry characteristic is divided into: single intersection control - point control, the traffic trunk lines of coordinated control - wire, traffic network coordination control surface controlling; - According to the control principle differentiates:

39、timing control, induced control and adaptive control. About watch-dog circuit By single-chip computers.the micro computer system, because of single chip work often can be affected by external electromagnetic interference, causing program run fly while into dead circulation, the programs normal opera

40、tion be interrupted by single chip microcomputer control system was unable to work, can cause the whole system of come to a standstill, happen unpredictable consequences, so out of microcontroller running status real-time.according consideration, they generate a specially used for monitoring microco

41、ntroller program running state of the chip, commonly known as watchdog (watchdog). MAX692 was slightly system monitoring circuit chip, have back-up battery switching, power lost discriminant functions monitoring, the watchdog. The encapsulation and pin instructions as figure2shows. Figure 2 MAX692 e

42、ncapsulation and pins Watch-dog circuit application, make SCM can in no condition to achieve continuous work, its working principle is: the watchdog chip and MCU an I/O pins are linked together, the I/O pins through program control it regularly to the watchdog of the pins on into high level (or the

43、low level), this program statement is scattered on SCM other control statements, once among single-chip due to the interference makes application run into a fly after the procedures section into dead circulation state, write the watchdog pins program cannot be executed, this time, the watch-dog circ

44、uit will be without microcontroller sent signals, then at it and MCU reset pin connected pin reset signal give out a a, make SCM reposition occurs, namely the program from program memory splittext started, so we realized the MCU automatic reset. Infrared detection circuit The infrared radiation phot

45、on in semiconductor materials stimutes the non-equilibrium carriers (electronic or holes), cause electrical properties change. Because carrier does not escape in vitro, so called within the photoelectric effect. Quantum photoelectric effect high sensitivity, response speed heat detectors much faster

46、, is optional detectors. In order to achieve the best performance, generally need worked in low temperature. Photoelectric detector can be divided into: (1) optical type: also called photoconductive resistance. The incident photon stimulate the valence band uniform semiconductor electronic across fo

47、rbidden band into the conduction band and left in valence band, cause cavitation increases, for electric conductance eigen light conductivity. From the band gaps of impurity level also can stimulate light into the conduction band or born carriers valence band, and for impurities light conductivity.

48、The cutoff wavelength by impurity ionization energy (ie) decision. Quantum efficiencies below eigen optical and require lower working temperature. (2) photovoltaic type: mainly p - n knot of light born volts effect. Energy more than the width of infrared photonic band gaps in area and its nearby of electrons cavitation. Existing electric field make hole into p area, electronic into n area, two parts appear potentials. Deoxidization device have voltage or current signal. Compared with optical detectors, pv detector detect rate more than forty percent of figur