七年级英语下学期期末复习动词讲解与训练人教新目标版(共7页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上动词讲解与训练一、动词的分类： 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（行为动词）、连系动词、助动词、情态动词。 实义动词有完整的词义，能单独做谓语根据用法，可分为及物动词（vt.后面直接跟名词或代词作宾语）和不及物动词（vi不能直接跟名词或代词，加宾语时必须加介词）。同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）但也有一些动词只能用做及

2、物动词，如：visit, ask, win, tell, answer, feel, serve, marry, discuss, beat, reach, kill, drop 等而下列一些动词通常情况下只能用做不及物动词：reply (to), return (to), point (to, at), knock (at, on, into), wait (for), listen (to), arrive (at, to), fall (down, off), look (at, after)2连系动词（Link Verb）它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说

3、明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。常见的连系动词有：be, feel, become, look, smell, seem, taste, sound, keep, 其它一些可以和形容词连用的动词也属于连系动词：fall ill / asleep, grow worse, turn red, get lost, keep healthy等助动词：本身没有词义，不能单独作句子的谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语主要帮助句子构成否定、疑问以及动词的不同时态、语态等语法特征。常见的助动词有：be, do (does, did), have / has, had, will, would 等。情态动词：本

4、身有一定的词义，单不能单独做谓语，后面必须跟其它动词的原形，表示说话人的语气和态度；常见的情态动词有：can (could), may(might), must, need 等。(1) can *能，会（表示能力）；*请求许可 cant be 不可能could: can的过去式，但有时表示委婉的语气。(2) may 可能（可能性）；*可以（请求许可，相当于can）；表示祝愿May you be happy! May you succeed!might * may的过去式；表示可能性（但可能性比may小）(3) must 必须，应该 mustnt 禁止 must be肯定, 一定(4) need

5、 需要（一般用于否定句或疑问句，肯定句中一般用做实义动词）neednt(= dont have to)没必要二、动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。 三、动词的时态：时态结构时态结构一般现在时动词原形（第三人称单数）一般过去时动词的过去式现在进行时am / is / are动词的过去进行时was / were动词的一般将来时will 动词原形am/ is / are

6、 going to动词原形过去将来时would动词原形was / were going to动词原形现在完成时have / has 过去分词过去完成时had过去分词 各种时态的用法省略 go, come, arrive, leave, move, die等动词的进行时态可以表示对应的将来时态。 表示过去经常发生而现在不再做的事情用used to do 四、动词的被动语态 用法：动作的承受者作句子的主语。 基本结构：be + 过去分词 掌握下列一些常见结构：）一般现在时态：am / is / are 过去分词）一般过去时：was / were过去分词）现在完成时：have / has been过

7、去分词）一般将来时：will be 过去分词或者be going to be 过去分词 3.含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 4动词不定式的被动语态结构：to + be + 过去分词 There are twenty more trees to be planted. 5. 下列动词的主动语态表示被动语态。miss(丢失), sell well(销路好), need / want doingMy bike is missing. This kind of food sells well. Your coat needs watering. 6. happen, tak

8、e place发生, last(持续), cost, hold(容纳), have, like, feel, sound(听起来)等动词 没有被动形式。 Great changes have taken place in our school. The water can last three days. Silk feels soft and smooth. The cake looks nice. An accident happened to him.五、动词不定式：由to + 动词原形构成，没有人称和数的变化，有时to可以省略。在句中除了不能做谓语外，能够作其他一切成分。还能拥有自己的

9、宾语和状语，构成不定式短语。1、动词不定式的句法功能：*做主语。常用It + be + 形容词+ ( of / for sb. ) + to do sth.结构。 of: good, bad, polite, kind, nice, clever, right, careful等 for: important, necessary, difficult, possible, dangerous等*做表语。常用在等连系动词后面，若主语很长而表语很短，可以将两者颠倒过来。 His job is to sell the computers. He seems to be interested in

10、the detective stories.*做状语。表目的：She was here to visit her daughter. 表原因：Im sorry to trouble you.表结果：The box is too heavy to carry. 表示程度：This room is big enough to hold 200 people.*做定语。放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，若它与所修饰的名词有动宾关系，这个不定式应为及物的。如：I was the first to come. I have no pens to write with. (动宾关系)*做宾语。常见的动词有：wa

11、nt, agree, choose, try, decide, hope, wish, learn, fail, would like to do sth.*做宾语补足语。 1）必须使用 to的动词有：ask, tell, order, take, invite, want, wish, follow, wait for, teach, would like, allow sb. to do sth. 2）不能使用to的动词有：have, make, let; see, watch, hear, notice sb. do sth注意：在主动语态中，to 要省略；而在被动语态中，to 必须加上

12、 3）可以使用to，也可以不用的动词：help*疑问词（除why外） + 动词不定式 (what, when, how, where, which + to do sth.)2. 下列一些动词后面只能跟动名词（动词的 ing 形式）作宾语: enjoy, finish, mind, excuse, practice, keep, miss, spend, cant help be busy, be worth, keep on, carry on3. 下列一些动词后面可以跟动词不定式也可以跟动名词。 1）意义相同或相近的有：begin, start, like, love, hate, pre

13、fer, plan 2）意思不同的有：forget, remember, stop, see, hear, go on 4. 注意： had better (not) do sth, would rather (not) do sth5. 动词不定式的否定形式直接在不定式前面加to 短语动词的辨析ww.zk5u.ecom(1)be made in（在生产或制造），be made of(由组成或构成)(2)come down(下来;落)，come along(来；随同)，come to oneself(苏醒)，come true(实现)，come out(花开；发芽；出现；出来)，come ov

14、er（过来；顺便来访），come in(进来)，come on(来吧；跟着来；赶快), come up with(找到；提出)(3)do ones best(尽最大努力), do well in(在干得好), do ones homework(做作业)，do some reading(阅读)(4)fall asleep(入睡)，fall behind(落在.后面)，fall off(从掉下)，fall down(到下；跌倒)(5)get down(下来；落下)，get on(上车)，get to(到达)，get up(起床)，get back(回来；取回)，get off(下来)，get on

15、 well with(与相处融洽)，get married(结婚)，get together(相聚)(6)give up(放弃)，givea hand(给与帮助)，give a concert(开音乐会)(7)go back(回去)，go on(继续)，go home(回家)，go to bed(睡觉)，go over(过一遍；仔细检查)，go out(外出；到外面)，go wrong(走错路)，go on doing(继续做某事)，go shopping(买东西)，go boating(去划船), go fishing(去钓鱼)，go hiking(去徒步旅行)，go skating(去滑冰

16、)，go straight along(沿着一直往前走)(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat（坐下）, have supper（吃晚餐）, have a rest（休息）, have sports（进行体育活动）, have a cold（感冒）, have a cough（咳嗽）, have a good time（过得愉快）, have a headache（头痛），have a try(尝试；努力)(9)look for(寻找)，look out(留神; 注意)，look over(仔细检查)，look up(向上看；抬头看)，look after(照顾; 照

17、看)，look at(看； 观看)，look like(看起来像)，look the same(看起来像)，(10)make friends(交朋友)，make phone calls(打电话)，make money(赚钱)，make the bed(整理床铺)，make a noise(吵闹)，make a faces(做鬼脸)，make ones way to(往走去)，make room for(给腾出地方)，make a decision(做出决定)，make a mistake(犯错误)，make up ones mind(下决心)(11)put on(上演；穿上；戴上)，put u

18、p(挂起；举起)，put down(把某物放下来)，put away(把某物收起来), put off(推迟)(12)take off(脱掉衣服)，take photos(照相)，take time(花费时间)，take out(取出)，take a seat(坐下)，take an active part in(积极参加)，take care of(照顾；照料；注意)，take exercise(做运动)，take ones place(坐某人的位置；代替某人的职务)，take turn(轮流)(13)talk about(谈话；交谈)，talk with(和交谈)(14)turn on(打

19、开电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turn off(关上电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turn down(关小；调低)，turnover(把.翻过来)(15)think of(认为；想起)，think about(考虑)【语法过关】ww.zk5u.ecom1-Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata? -Yes, it _ really beautiful. A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears 2Bill might phone while Im out this evening. If he _, cou

20、ld you take a message? A. does B. might C. phoned D. will 3.Alice, we are going to spend our holiday in Canada or, if you _, we can go to China instead. A. hope B. wish C. prefer D. agree 4.He is so careless that he always_ his school things at home. A. forgets B. forgot C. leaves D. left 5.I bought

21、 a new dictionary and it _me 30 yuan, A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost 6.I have to go now. Please remember to_ the lights when you leave, A. turn off B. turn down C turn up D. turn on 7.- all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there. -OK, Mom. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away8.How do you

22、 go to work every day? I_ on my bicycle. A. ride B. drive C. take D. walk 9.Oh, you painted the walls yourself? Yes. It was not hard. The whole work didnt_ much. A. want B. cost C. spend D. pay 10.One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. Right. The government spoke _ that. highly f

23、or B. high of C. well of D. highly of11.There is a ticket on the floor, is it yours? Oh, yes, its mine. Let me_ for you. to pick up it B. to pick it up C. pick up it D. pick it up12.May I _ your Chinese- English dictionary? Sony, I_ it at home. borrow, forgot B. lend, left C. lend, forgot D. borrow,

24、 left 13.Your sweater looks nice, is it_ wool? Yes, and its_ Inner Mongolia. A. made of, made by B. made of, made in C. made by, made for D. made by, made from 14.Dont you think you should paint the wall? Who would _? A. see B. look C. watch D. notice 15. 1 dont_ what to do at all. You can decide yo

25、urself. want B. mind C. like D. have 16. Its really not easy to catch up with my classmates. Whenever I wanted to_, my teacher always encouraged me to work harder. go on B. turn down C. give back D. give up 17. The doctor _ the child carefully and found that there was nothing serious with him. looke

26、d over B. looked at C. looked after D. looked for18. Its too dark here . Please _ the light. A. turn back B. turn down C. turn on D. turn off 19. - Where can we get a football? - Lets _. A. lend Jim one B. lend one to Jim C. borrow one from Jim D. borrow one of Jim 20. Tom, please help me _ the pict

27、ure on the wall. A. put up B. put on C. put off D. put into 【语法回顾】在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）或关系副词(when, where)，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词、副词作用先行词例句that， who，whom(只做宾语)主语、宾语、表语人Do you know the girl whothat is

28、 standing under a tree?你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?that，which主语、宾语、表语物、时间、地点、原因She got a computer whichthat her parents bought for her她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。whose定语人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。The classroom whose window is open is mine窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。when状语时间I still remember the day

29、 when you leave for Beijing我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。where状语地点This is the school where my mother works这就是我妈妈工作的学校。why状语原因Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)：1that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。This is the pen that you are looking for. 这是你要找的那支钢笔。(宾语)The girl that has lo

30、ng hair is my sister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。（主语）2which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well.天津产的自行车销售很好。（主语）The fish which we bought were not fresh.我们买的鱼不新鲜。(宾语)3who, whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打碎窗户的男孩叫Tom. （主语）The person to whom he is talking is m

31、y father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语)4whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)He lives in a house whose widows open to the south.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子。(指物)三、只用which不用that的情况：1在介词后只用which，不能用that。This is the bank in which the robbery happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。2先行词本身是that时，只能用which，不能用t

32、hat。The clock is that which tells the time.钟表是用来报时的。四、只用that不用which的情况：1先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 这是我所见过的最美丽的山。2先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是39级台阶。3. 先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, many, the

33、only, the very, the last等修饰词时只能用that。Here are all the books that I have.这就是我所有的书。This is the only book that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。4先行词是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代词时，只能用that。Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。5先行词同时含有“人”和“

34、物”的名词时，只能用that。I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。6先行词是the one时，只能用that。This is the one that you want.这就是你想要的。7在以who引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that。Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那边的那个女孩是谁？五、在介词后只能用whom，不能用who。The girl to whom I talked just now is

35、 from America. 我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的。六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。Tom is the only boy that is from the USA. Tom是惟一从美国来的男孩。七、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题：当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时，要加介词或副词

36、。(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后，不能把介词或副词提前到关系代词前。)He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。That is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的书。八、关系副词when与where的使用：1when指时间：I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我将永远不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光。2where指地点(where=in等介词which)：

37、This is the house where(=in which) he lived last year.这是他去年住的房子。九、定语从句与作定语的动词不定式、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语的转换：She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有许多要做的工作。The man in the car is Mr. Green.=The man who is in the car is Mr. Green.在车上的人是格林先生。The girl watering flowers there is my sister

38、.=The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister.在浇花的女孩是我妹妹。The boy saved in the river has come back to life.= The boy who was saved in the river has come back to life.从河里救起的男孩苏醒过来了。【语法过关】1. -Do you like the pop singer? -No, I prefer the singer _can sing folk music.A. which B. who C. where D. h

39、ow2. The man _is wearing a blue jacket is Jims uncle.A. who B. whom C. which D. /3Do you know the young lady _your mother is talking? A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which4 -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who5The letter _ I received f

40、rom him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that6-Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?-He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which7I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who8Im looking at the photograph _

41、 you sent me with your letter. A. who B. whomC. whichD. it 9I hate people dont help others when they are in trouble. Awho Bwhich Cthey10 -Barbara, where do you work?-I work for a company _sells cars. A. which B. where C. what D. who11Do you know the young lady _your mother is talking? A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which12The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that学生归纳总结：这堂课你掌握了什么？答： 专心-专注-专业