英语被动语态(共11页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语被动语态一、什么是被动语态？英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”二、被动语态的结构那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者)三、被动语态的运用什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况：（1） 不知道谁

2、是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如： Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。） The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。） He was wounded in the fight. （他在战斗在受伤了。） Electricity is used to run machines. （电是用来开动机器的。）（2） 需要强调动作的对象时。例如： Calculator cant be used in the maths exam. （计算器不能用于数学考试。） Books and

3、 newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。） He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比赛中获得了第一。）（3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如： The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。）四、各种时态的被动语态举例一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握

4、be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：1、 一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our

5、city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new

6、 factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词 (2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an

7、 hour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didnt know that my watch had been mended .9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/

8、must + be + done例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。例1.主动语态：人们说英语。People speak English in many countries.被动语态：英语被说。English is spoken in many countries.例2.主动语态：我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year.被动语态：这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year.

9、2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。例1.主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。 You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.例2.主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语) You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.被动语态：杂志(宾语)不准被带走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.

10、例3.主动语态：他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章. He was given a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.6将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；谓语动词变为“be及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被

11、动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。7被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词一般疑问句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at onceThe broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once（同义句）（填m ust be thrown away） Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）Where _ vegetables _ ？（填were；grown）六注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：1含

12、双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如： He told us a story（变被动语态）We were told a story（by him）或：A story was told to us by him Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态）A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother（填was given to）2短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如： This dicti

13、onary mustnt _ from the libraryCAtake away Btaken away Cbe taken away She will take good care of the children（变被动语态）The children will _ _ _ _ _ （by her）（填be taken good care of）3含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterd

14、ay（变被动He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（填was seen to）4不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。例如：The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our cityCAbe building Bbuild Cbe built5以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态）By whom has the cup been broken

15、？七注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：The window is broken窗子破了。（系表结构）The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：He was very interested in science他对

16、科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）10牢记（相关）句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1be covered with被覆盖2be made of由制作（发生物理变化）be made from由制作（发生化学变化）be made in由（某地）制造be made by被（某人）制造3be used for被用来be used as被当作（作为）来使用be used to do sth被用来做某事4It is said th

17、at据说It is hoped that希望It is well known that众所周知例如： 加速度学习网 让学习变得简单被动语态一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）二、被动语态的构成被动语态由

18、助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一

19、般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）三、主动语态变为被动语态 转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom.（2）将动词改为be+过去分词。注意： They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。（3）将主动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则

20、应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. A song was sung by him.2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack.四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意常见的系动词有： be动词 起来（7个）：look

21、/seem/appear, feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. 保持：keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.五、下

22、列动词（词组）没有被动式：1、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take 2、不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 、An accident was happened yesterday.（）昨天发生了一起事故。 An accident happened yesterday.（） 、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。 、Thewatch looks good.这表看起来很好。 、This b

23、ook sells well.这本书畅销。 、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。 、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。 、The door wont close/shut. 这门关不上。 、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。 、This material wears well (wont wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久）六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）1一般现在

24、时（am/ is/ are +done） English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。2一般过去时(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 My bike

25、was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。3一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。4现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The

26、 machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。5现在完成时(have/ has been + done) Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。6过去完成时(had been+done) They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。 加速度学习网 让学习变得简单专心-专注-专业