上海市中考英语词汇解析汇总(共23页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上词汇部分：上海市中考英语考纲词汇解读（1）1. able (adj.) 能词组：be able to do sth. 有能力做某事词性转化：ability (n.) 能力 ones ability to do sth.某人做的能力句型转换考点：(1) be able to do 转化为manage to do, 解释为“成功做成某事”。 (2) be unable to do相当于fail to do sth./fail in sth.He never studies hard, so he wasnt able to pass the exam.（改为同义句）He

2、never studies hard, so he failed to pass the exam.He never studies hard, so he failed in the exam.2. about (prep.) 大约(=more or less than)，左右, 周围例：He is about thirty years old.（他大约三十岁了。）词组：walk about 四处走来走去 ask about 询问3. above (adj.)上面的, 上述的 (adv.) 在上面 (prep.) 在上方above & on辨析：前者是垂直高度的比较，后者要触及物体。unde

3、r和below的区别和上述相同。4. abroad (adv.) 往国外区别：foreign (adj.) 外国的 a foreign language 一门外语*be动词后方副词的几个结构：here/there.Im upstairs/downstairs. abroad/over.5. aboard(adv) 在船上, 在飞机上6. accept (vt.) 接受,认可区别：receive (vt.) （某人）收到（某物）例句：The young girl received the invitation, but she didnt accept it.（这个年轻的女孩收了邀请卡，但是她没

4、有同意赴约。）7. accident (n.) 事故, 意外事件traffic accident 交通事故区别：incident (n.)事件, 事变unexpected, political incident 不可预料的/政治的事件8. accurate (adj.) 准确的词性转换：accurately (adv.) 准确地 accuracy (n.) 精确性, 准确度9. achieve (v.) （胜利）完成, 达到词性转换：achievement (n.) 成就He has achieved a lot in physics. (他在物理方面有许多成就。)10. across (pr

5、ep.) 在的对面 (adv.) 横过walk across the street 横穿马路 sail across the ocean 横跨大洋区别：cross (v.) 穿过 cross the street 穿马路across & through ：前者是平面穿过，后者是立体空间内的穿过。11. act (v.) 表演 (n.) 演技action (n.) 措施, 举措take immediate action to do sth. 对立刻采取措施actor, actress (n.) 男演员, 女演员active (adj.) 积极的take an active part in 积极参

6、与actively (adv.) 积极地activity (n.) 活动take part in activities in or after class 课内和课后积极参加活动12. add (v.) 增加add to 增加了例 ：The unexpected storm added to the difficulties in Shanghai.(这个突如其来的暴风雪给上海雪上加霜。)例 ：This stamp has added to the album.(这张邮票给邮册增色不少。)add sth. to 给加上add a brick to the wall 给墙加上一块砖add up

7、to 数量总计为例句：The number of the students here adds up to sixty.(这里所有的学生加起来有60人。)addition (n.) 增加（物）in addition to=besides 除了还有except 除去(同类)except for 除去(不同类)例 ：This composition was written very well except for some spelling mistakes.(这篇作文除了一些拼写错误以外都非常好。) 例 ：This coat fits her except for its color.(除了颜色

8、以外这件外套很适合她。) 例 ：Shanghai is a good city except for its weather.(除了天气以外, 上海是一个好城市。)13. adopt (v.) 采纳, 领养adopted (adj.) 被收养的, 被采用的, 孤苦伶仃的adoptive (adj.) 收养关系的, 采用的, 好心的14. advantage (n.)优势, 优点反义词：disadvantage (n.) 缺点, 劣势advantages and disadvantages 优势和劣势词组：A has advantages over B A比B有优势词组：take advanta

9、ge of every chance 利用每次机会15. advice (n.) 建议a piece of advice 一个建议16. afraid (adj.) 害怕be afraid of (客观) 害怕, 担心(某事)be afraid to do (主观) 不愿意去做某事17. Africa (n.) 非洲 African (adj.)非洲的Asia (n.) 亚洲 Asian (adj.) 亚洲的Europe (n.) 欧洲 European (adj.) 欧洲的Euro 欧元18. against (prep.) 反对反义词：for (prep.) 赞同例句：Some are f

10、or it, while others are against it.(一些人赞同它, 然而一些人反对它。)19. age (n.) 年龄at the age of 在岁时when he was three years old=at the age of three (在他三岁的时候)词组：the aged (年长的人)词组：stone age (石器时代)词组：information age (信息时代)ERA=age 纪元20. agent (n.) 代理人agency (n.) 代理商tourist agency 旅游代理商21. agree (vi./vt.) 同意反义词：disagr

11、ee (v.) 反对，不同意词性转换：agreement (n.) 协议reach an agreement agree with sb./what sb. said同意.的意见; 与.一致agree to his advice/plan/suggestion 同意他的意见/计划/建议agree on (双方就某件事件) 达成一致agree on the bargain/the price 讨价还价/明码议价22. ahead (adj./adv.) 在前,提前ahead of time=in advance提前book the tickets ahead of time/in advance

12、 提前订票23. aim (v./n.) 目标aim at 目标为24. air (n.) 空气by air=by plane by land =by bus by sea=by ship25. alarm (n.) 警报set the alarm clock for 把闹钟调到26. alive (adj.) 活着的be 动词后的表语形容词：alive/alike/asleep/awake例 ：He is asleep/awake.(他熟睡着/醒着。)例 ：The twins are alike.(双胞胎长得很像。)反义词：dead (adj.) 死的lively (adj.) 有活力的 a

13、 lively math lesson(一节有活力的数学课。)live (n.) 直播 (adj.) 实况的27. all (adj.) 所有的 (adv.) 完全 (prep.) 全部not all= someothersall 后的单复数：表示“所有的人”动词复数，表示“所有的事”动词单数。28. allow (v.) 允许(=permit)词组：allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事词汇部分：上海市中考英语考纲词汇解读（2）1. alone (adj.) 单独的 (adv.) 单独地 carried the suitcases alone. 独自提着行李箱He was

14、alone in the house. 他独自一人在家里。leave sb. alone 听其自然, 不要去管, 让某人独自留在那lonely (adj.) 孤独的He lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely.2. along (adv.) 向前，和一起，同 (prep.) 沿着Lets walk along the road, shall we?3. amazing (adj.) 令人惊讶的词性转换：amazingly (adv.) 令人惊讶地amaze (vt.) 使.大为惊奇,令人惊愕 be amazed at (by) 对.大为惊奇be amaze

15、d to see/hear/find 看到听到, 发现.感到吃惊amazement (n.) 惊异to sbs amazement使某人惊异的是.4. ambition (n.) 野心Her ambition was to be a famous singer. 她的理想是成为著名的歌唱家。词性转换：ambitious (adj.) 有野心的They are ambitious although they are poor. 他们虽穷却很有志气。5. amount (n.) 数量，总数an amount of 相当数量的; 一些a large amount of 大量6. amusing (a

16、dj.) 引起乐趣的，娱人的 amusingly (adv.) 7. angry (adj.) 生气的I came home late and my mother was angry. 我回家晚了，我妈妈很生气。be/get angry at/about sth.因某事而生气be/get angry with sb.生某人的气be/get angry at sb. for sth. 因.生某人的气make sb. angry使某人生气词性转换：angrily (adv.) 生气地The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to pu

17、nish the assistant next day.这位妇女气愤地走出了商店,决定次日惩罚他一下。8. another (adj.) 另外的, 又一, 不同的 (prep.) 另一个, 另一个人, 同类的东西英英解释：one more; an additionalhave another cup of coffee. 又喝了一杯咖啡We need another chair. 我们再要一把椅子。9. apologize (v.) 道歉apologize to sb. 向某人道歉apologize to sb. for sth. 向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉apologize to sb.

18、 for doing sth. 向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉10. appear (v.) 出现, 看来, 似乎英英解释：to become visibleHe appears quite young. 他显得年轻。appear in court 出庭appear on the stage 登台演出词性转换：appearance (n.) 出现, 露面, 外貌, 外观11. argue (vi.) 争论, 辩论They argued the case for hours.他们就这件事争论了数小时。argue about/on/over辩论争论某事12. boring (adj.) 令人厌烦的

19、词性转换：bored (adv.) 感到厌烦的 bore (v.) 使厌烦 boredom (n.) 厌烦词汇部分：上海市中考英语考纲词汇解读（3）1. calculate (v.) 计算 calculation (n.) 计算过程 calculator (n.) 计算机There are a great number of calculators in use. 有大量的计算器在使用中。2. call (v.) 称呼，取名呼唤，打电话给 (n.) 叫；喊；（一次）电话；通话翻译：你是如何称呼那个小孩的？What do you call that girl?要点：give, offer, ca

20、ll sb. sth.（双宾语结构）介词搭配：call on sb./at sp. 拜访（某人、某地） call on the boss at the company 去公司拜访老板3. camp (n.) 野营 campsite (n.) 野营地 go camping 去野营4. can (v. aux.) 能，会，可能用法： 表示一种肯定的推测：must becant beThat must be Professor Brown, isnt it? That cant be Professor Brown, is it? can 和be able to, manage to, succee

21、d in 的区别：后者表示经过努力做成的事情。 The climber managed to/was able to/succeeded in reach(ing) the top.5. Canada (n.) 加拿大Canadian (n.) 加拿大人6. care (n./v.) 小心，关心 because of carelessness 由于粗心词性转换：careful (adj.) 仔细的 careless (adj.) 粗心的 make the mistakes carelessly7. carry (v.) 运送，搬运，携带词组：carry on 继续 carry on the o

22、peration 继续手术carry out 执行 carry out the policy 执行政策8. catch (v.) (catch-caught-caught) 接住，赶上，患（病）be caught in the rain 被雨淋湿9. center(centre) (n.) 中心，中央 city center 市中心 (=downtown)10. certain (adj.) 一定的，有把握的 sb. be certain (sure) be certain to 必然; 一定Its certain that Its certain that it will rain. 很肯定

23、天会下雨。11. change (v.) 改变，转变 Great changes have taken place in sp.词性转换：changeable (adj.) 多变的 changeable seasons in Britain 英国多变的气候12. channel (n.) 频道 turn tochannel 转到频道 the English Channel 英吉利海峡channel 表示“渠道”：communication channel沟通渠道13. charge (v.) 收费，要价How much do you charge? 你要价多少？charge sb. with

24、指控某人犯罪14. cheer (v.) 欢呼cheer up 欢呼15. chemist (n.) 药剂师the chemists 药房chemical (adj.) 化学的chemistry (n.) 化学16. choose (v.) 选择choice (n.) 选择17. Christmas (n.) 圣诞节at Christmas 在圣诞节那天(=on Christmas Day/Eve)18. clear (adj.) 清晰的，明亮的；天气放晴 Its clearing up again. 天气又放晴了。19. clothes (n.) 衣服总称clothing (n.) 衣服总称

25、（不可数）cloth (n.) 特种布料（可数名词）；所有面料（不可数名词）a table cloth 台布to make many clothes by much cloth 用各种布料做衣服20. coincidence (n.) 巧合，偶遇What a coincidence!(=What a small world!) 多巧啊！21. cold (adj.) 冷的Its freezing cold today. 今天好冷啊！Its burning hot today. 今天好热啊！22. conductor (n.) 售票员，指挥conduct (v.) 执行conduct the e

26、xperiment 做实验23. contest (n.) 竞赛辨析：context (n.) 上下文 contact (v.) 与接触，联系 For more information, please contact. contact sb. at 用（某号码）联系某人24. convenient (adj.) 方便的impossible, important, convenient, necessary 的结构 Its for sb. to do sth. sb. find it to do sth.Its convenient for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事时方便

27、的词性转换：convenience (n.) 便利25. continue (v.) 继续词性转换：continuous (adj.) 持续（不中断）的continuously (adv.)continual (adv.) 连续的, 频繁（间断）的continually (adv.)26. corner (n.) 角落 in/at/around the corner27. correct (v.) 改正 (adj.) 正确的反义词：incorrect (adj.) 不正确的 What he said was incorrect.词性转换：uncorrected (adj.) 未被改正的 The

28、re are still some uncorrected mistakes.28. course (n.) 过程；课程 in the course of 在的过程中29. cover (v.) 覆盖 Three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water. 地球3/4的表面被水覆盖。Is the word covered in the dictionary? 这个单词被收入这本词典里吗？（cover表“收入”）30. crazy (adj.)be crazy about 对疯狂craze (n.) 疯狂31. create (v.)

29、 创造creative (adj.) 创造性的creation (n.) 创作物32. custom (n.) 风俗习惯customs (n.) 海关customer (n.) 顾客33. daily (adj.) 每天的China Daily中国日报diary (n.) 日记34. damage (v.) 破坏，毁坏辨析：sth. be damaged 受到破坏 The computer system/house has been damaged. be hurt/injured （事故中）人的受伤；hurt还指心灵上的受伤 be wounded （战争中的）枪伤，刀伤35. danger

30、(n.) 危险 be in dangerdangerous (adj.) 危险的36. deal (v.) 处理 how to deal with/ what to do with 怎么处理37. death (n.) 死亡dying (adj.) 垂死的dead (adj.) 已死的38. decide (v.) 决定decide to do sth. 决定做make a decision 做决定make up ones mind(s) to do 下定决心做39. decorate (v.) 装饰，装修decoration (n.) 装饰（品）decorative (adj.) 装饰的40

31、. deep (adj./adv.) 深的（地）hard (硬的，困难的)hardly (几乎不) deep (深的)deeply (深刻地，深切地)几组形副词辨析： wide (宽的)widely (广泛地) late (迟的) lately (最近地，近来) high (高的)highly (高度的) think/speak highly of sb. 高度赞扬某人41. delay (v./n.) 耽搁，延误(be delayed=put off)42. departure (n.) 离开，出发（反义词：arrival 到达）43. depend (v.) 依靠，依赖depend on(

32、=be dependent on) 依靠be independent of 独立Independence Day 美国独立日词汇部分：上海市中考英语考纲词汇解读（4）1. describe (v.) 描述description (n.) 描述词组：describe sb./sth. as 把描绘成 be described as 被描绘成Snoopy is described as a lovely and funny dog.2. deserve (v.) 值得(后常接名词：punishment, honor)3. detect (v.) 侦查detective (n.)侦探4. diet

33、(n.) 膳食go on a diet 节食5. different (adj.) 不同的make no difference to 对没有变化6. difficult (adj.) 困难的have no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 没有困难做某事do sth. Without difficulty 毫不费力地做某事7. disappear (v.) 消失appear (v.) 出现Never trust appearance. （谚语）不要以貌取人。8. discover (v.) 发现discoverer (n.) 发现者discovery (n.

34、) 发现9. honest (adj.) 诚实的dishonest (adj.) 不诚实的10. dislike (v.) 不喜欢He dislikes such music, doesnt he?11. distance (n.) 距离in the distance 在远方12. drop (v./n.) 滴，一滴drop in on sb. (=visit sb.) 拜访某人13. during (prep.) 在.期间（常跟名词）：during the course of sth.14. duty (n.) 职责be on/off duty 上（下）班，sense of duty 责任感

35、15. each & every（1）each作独立主语：Each has a ball.every后跟名词：every one of（2）everyone等一类的“合成词”不能用of结构。16. rise/ set in the east 东边升起（落下）17. economy (n.) 经济 ”Economist” 经济学家（杂志）18. education (n.) 教育educational (adj.) 教育的educated (adj.)受过教育的highly-educated learner 受过高等教育的学习者19. effect (n.) 影响，效果effective (ad

36、j.) 有效的have great effect on sth. 对有重大影响The medicine is effective against cough/stomachache.efficient (adj.) 高效的，效率高的efficient secretary The washing machine is working efficiently.20. electric (adj.) 用电发动的，导电的 fan/lightelectrical (adj.) 电力的，发电的21. encourage (v.) 鼓励courage (n.) 勇气discourage22. end (v.

37、/n.) in the end, at the end of (一般过去时), by the end of (过去完成时)23. energy (n.) 能量energetic (adj.) 精力充沛的24. enter (v.) 进入entrance (n.) 入口类似的“脱落字母的词”：explain-explanation, pronounce-pronunciation词汇部分：上海市中考英语考纲词汇解读（5）1. environment (n.) 环境environmental (adj.) 环境的environmental pollution 环境污染2. equal (adj.)

38、 相等的，平等的be equal to 和相等3. escape (v.) 逃脱，逃避escape/mind/finish/enjoy/practice doing sth.4. especially (adv.) 特别地，(相比较而言) 突出的部分specially (adv.) 专门地，特地The film was specially made for teenagers. (特地)The star is popular with many young students, especially girl students. (尤其)5. Europe (n.) 欧洲European (ad

39、j.) 欧洲的6. event (n.) 大事件（比较：item 小事）7. exactly (adv.) 确切地，精确地exactly the same 完全正确8. except 除之外（同类）except for 除去（不同类）except that “如果要句子，名词要出现”besides 除了（还有）例句：The composition is good except for some spelling mistakes. that there are some spelling mistakes.形似词：expect (v.) 期待expectation (n.) 期待9. exhi

40、bition (n.) 展览会exhibit (v.) 展览10. experience (n.) 经验（不可数），经历（可数，一般加s）He is an experienced worker. He has many interesting experiences in America.11. explore (v.) 探险explore the space 探索太空explorer (n.) 探险者exploration (n.) 探险12. fail (v.) 失败fail to do sth. 未能（用肯定结构表示否定意义）He failed to catch the flight.

41、(=He missed the flight.)fail in sth.=fail to do sth.failure (n.) 失败13. fair (adj.) 公平的句型：Its fair for him to do sth., I find it fair to do sth.规律：convenient, important, fair等词大写it形式主语，小写it形式宾语。14. fallfellfallen （落下）feelfeltfelt （感觉）15. familiar (adj.) 熟悉的sb. be familiar with sth. =sth. be familiar

42、to sb.16. famous (adj.) 著名的be famous for 以著名Shanghai is famous for Inner City Temple. (上海以城隍庙著名。)17. farm (n.) 农场on the farm 在农场上18. favour (n.) 恩惠favourite (adj.) 最喜欢的19. feedfedfed（喂）Cattles feed on the grass.（牛以草为食物。）20. fetch/bring/take/carry the umbrella21. February (n.) 二月22. findfoundfound（找）

43、foundfoundedfounded（建立）23. fire (n.) 火 be on fire 失火（状态）catch fire 着火（动作）set fire to sp. 对纵火24. first (adj.) 第一的above all 最重要的frist of all 首先（陈述观点）at first 最初（论述过程）25. fit (v.) 适合keep fir 保持身体健康be fit foe 胜任26. drive (v.) 驾驶drive the car/fly the plane27. forecast (v.) 预报（forecastforecastforecast）28. foreigner (n.) 外国人France (n.) 法国French (adj.) 法国的Frenchman (n.) 法国人29. frighten (v.) 使惊吓frightened/frightening30. full (adj.) 满的make full use of time 充分利用时间be fully fit for 充分胜任词汇部分：上海市中考英语考纲词汇解读（6）1. furniture (n.) 家具（不可数）a piece of furniture 一件家具2. gain (v.) 获得sb. gain a wide knowledge of s