六种英语基本句型详细讲解(共4页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语简单句5种基本基本句型简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来。一、 句型1：Subject (主语)Verb (谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。eg The birds are f lying那些鸟在飞。Things change事物是变化的。Nobody went没有人去。练习：汉译英1) Li Ming w

2、orks very hard.李明学习很努力。2) The sunwas rising.3) Spring is coming.4) Ill try.5) We allbreathe, eat, and drink.6) Did you sleep well last night？7) The book sells well.8) The engine broke down.9) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。10) We have lived in the city for ten years.11) Lucy an

3、d Maryget up early every morning.12) Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home. 小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。13) Ill go when I have had my dinner. 我吃了饭就去。14) What he saiddoes not matter.15) Theyhad talkedfor half an hour when I came in.16) His parentshave worked in the factory for more than ten years.17) So they

4、 had to travel by air or boat18) We got up early so as to catch the first bus19) She sat there alone， reading a novel20) He came back when we were eating21) Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake.二、 句型2：Subject (主语)Link. V(系动词)Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be,

5、look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。练

6、习：汉译英1) The dinnersmellsgood.2) Everythinglooksdifferent. 3) Hefellasleep. 4) Thisisan English-Chinese dictionary.5) Heis growingtall and strong.6) Mr.Brown is an engineer.7) His faceturnedred.8) Gradually he became silent.(形容词做表语)9) She remained standing outside for a hour.(现在分词做表语)10) The question

7、 remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)11) The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)12) The television was on.(副词做表语)13) His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)14) My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)15) The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语)16) Im happy to meet you.17) They are willing to help.18) We f

8、eel used to living in big cities19) The potatoes went bad in the fields20) Their boss seems satisfied with the work三、 句型3：Subject(主语)Verb (谓语)Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：1) He took his bag and left.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。2) Li Lei always helps me when I have

9、 difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4) I dont know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。练习：汉译英1) Whoknowsthe answer?2) Heenjoysreading.3) Hehas refusedto help them.4) HesaidGood morning.5) Iwantto have a

10、cup of tea.6) Do you know these people(them)？(名词或代词做宾语)7) I cant express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)8) We cant afford to pay such a computer.(不定式做宾语)9) Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词做宾语)10) Headmitsthat he was mistaken.11) Tom made a hole in the wall12) I dont know if he can come tomorrow

11、13) They havent decided where to go next14) She stopped teaching English two years ago15) It took them ten years to build the bridge16) Mother promises to give me a present17) I wrote a letter last night.18) I want to have a talk with you this afternoon.19) He has read this book many times.20) They

12、have carried out the plan successfully21) That gentleman can speak three languages fluently四、 句型4：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Indirect object(间接宾语)Direct object 这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach,

13、 show, bring, send等。如：1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2）The old man always

14、tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.练习：汉译英1) .He handed me a letter./ He handed a letter to me.2) She gave me her telephone number./ She gave her telephone number to me.3) She sang us a folk song./She sang a folk for us.4) She cookedher husbanda delicious meal./She cooke

15、d a delicious meal for her husband.5) Sheorderedherselfa new dress. 6) Hebroughtyoua dictionary.7) Ishowedhimmy pictures. 8) Itoldhimthat the bus was late. 9) Heshowedmehow to run the machine.10) Mr Johnson taught us German last year11) Grandma told me an interesting story last night12) Would you pl

16、ease pass me the dictionary?13) Shall I call you a taxi?五、 句型5：Subject(主语)Verb (动词)Object (宾语)Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我

17、们选他当班长。3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear,

18、notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上练习：汉译英1) The sun keeps us warm2) I heard him singing3) You must get your hair cut4) They made Tom monitor5) We call her Alice6)

19、 All of us considered him honest7) They have set the thief free8) I want you to tell me the truth9) The officer ordered us to leave at once 10) Theypaintedthe doorgreen. 11) Wesawhimout. 1) Heaskedmeto come back soon. 2) Isawthemgetting on the bus.六、句型6：There be 句型说明： 此句型是由“therebe主语状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以

20、称“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live， stand， come， go， lie， remain， exist， arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park Once upon a time there lived an old king in the townBe 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were将来有 there will be

21、；there is /are going to be现在已经有 there has/have been可能有 there might be肯定有 there must be /there must have been过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 特殊句型：There be sb/sth. doing/done/to do 有。正做/被。或已被完成/要去做（还没做，不管主动还是被动）There is no doubt that 毫无疑

22、问。There is some doubt whether 。还有疑问There is no point /sense in doing sth. 做某事毫无意义。There reported/said to be 据报道有。Sb. want/expect/hope/would like there to be 想/期望/希望/喜欢有。 练习：汉译英1） There was only a well in the village2） Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen3） The weatherman says

23、therell be a strong wind in the afternoon4） The light is on There must be someone ion the office5） There used to be a cinema here before the war6） There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.7） There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.8） There were two thousand students in our school.9） There isnt enough room for us in the lift.10) There is going to be a report on Chinese history in our school this evening.专心-专注-专业