语法填空做题技巧(共32页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上语法填空考纲解读语法填空题是在一篇200词左右的材料中留出10处空白，要求考生根据句子结构的语法性和上下文的连贯性，命题方式有两种，一是有提示词的（7个设空）；二是没有提示词的（3个设空）。语法填空考查点名词形容词副词动词+非谓语动词冠词代词介词连接词2014全国I 14210022014全国II 02501112016全国I02311132016全国II11411022015全国I 12401112015全国II1241011请谨记：十个必考语法点包括动词两个，名词一个，形容词一个，副词一个，连词一个，还有三个空考点在冠词，介词，代词，连词，固定句式或者语境填词。做

2、完一定要检查填写的动词时态，三单，连词（并列连词和从属连词）别混淆but, and或者where, that, what。语篇型语法填空题备考思路大致有如下特点：一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。有提示词 ： 考查 谓语动词 非谓语动词 形容词 副词 无提示词 ：考查 冠词 介词 连词 代词 【语法填空考点】纯空格题：冠

3、词：a,an,the指示代词：this,that,those,these人称代词：I，me,them,they,he,his等形容词性物主代词：your,my,his,its等名词性物主代词：mine,his,its,hers,yours,ours等 代词反身代词：themselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,ourselves等不定代词：another,other,some,many,much, little,anything,somebody,no,such等关系代词：who,whom,which,that,as等 疑问代词：w

4、hat,whatever,which,who等 介词：in,at,on,above,below,through,across,onto,into,over,after,before,as(做为)等从属连词：since(既然，自从),because,as(因为),although,though,after,before 连词并列连词: but,not only.but also.;or,and,for（因为）等 起连接作用的副词：however,therefore,thus,besides，then,next,first,also,instead，too,never,not等有提示题： 谓语动词

5、的时态和语态（主谓一致）表具体某次情况：to do非谓语动词 作主语/宾语 表习惯/一般情况：doing 作目的/结果/形容词后的状语：to do(adj. enough to do,too.to do,only to do等) 主动或正在进行：doing作定语/状语/补语： 被动或完成：done 未发生：to do形容词和副词及其对应的比较级、最高级和词类转换（词性转换、加否定或反义的前/后缀）等。【语法填空七字诀】“全”：看完整句；“位”：确定空格所处的位置，分清在句子当中充当什么作用（词性为主）；“考”：知道考什么；“形”：知道用什么形式（主被动，词性的变化，特别是不规则词形的变化和书写

6、等）；“断”：对于长难句，要学会断句（断成相对完整的小单位，使空格的位置明朗化）；“删”：对于复杂句，要学会删掉修饰部分，让句子的基本结构浮出水面。“查”：填完后，读一遍，看是否自然通顺、前后一致、符合逻辑，看整体是否完整。语法填空解题方法技巧类型1：有提示词 (用所给词的适当形式填空)1.括号内提供动词首先考虑：动词的数就是三单、时态和语态；其次考虑：非谓语动词（to do/doing/done）注意：动词和非谓语动词的判定（很重要）所给空格是动词时，首先要找出句子谓语动词。若是找不到谓语动词，则空格处的动词即为该句谓语动词，此时要考虑时态、语态或第三人称单数。若是找到了句子的谓语动词，则空

7、格处的动词就要考虑“非谓语动词”啦。一般来说，doing表主动+进行，done表被动或完成，to do表将来发生或目的。最后考虑：该动词的名词、形容词形式。如果所给的是amaze，disappoint，embarrass，amuse，frighten，excite，surprise等一类的动词，则首先要考虑变-ing形式或-ed形式。最后考虑虚拟语气：在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。We suggested that the meeting should_（be） put off.They

8、insisted that the boy go (go) with them.常用的此类动词有：表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise.表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“同意，坚持”的：insist表示“决定，命令”的：decide, order（2015全国I）Yangshuo67 (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website Trip Advisor names Ya

9、ngshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 考查时态和第三人称单数。（2015全国I）It was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. （2014全国II）A boy on a bike _45_ （catch）my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. 考查时态，一般过去时。(2016全国卷) So it was a great honor to be

10、 invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.（2015全国II）The adobe dwellings(土坯房)41(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of

11、architects and engineers. 句子谓语是are admired by，故build部分只能“沦落为”非谓语动词啦。（2016全国卷）My ambassadorial duties will include _67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. （2014全国I）While there are 68 （amaze）stories of instant tra

12、nsformation形容词修饰名词。（2016全国卷） Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_61_ (attract).1.动词的时态和语态(1) . The sun was setting down when my car _ ( break ) down near a remote and poor village .(2). I _ (impress) by it

13、s garden-like campus, its enthusiastic students and especially its learning atmosphere. (3). That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _ (close) my book and walked away. 【小结】 动词的时态、语态是每年的考点， 也是历年高考重点考查的项目，通常1-2道题。 重点考查的是时态 ，且多与语态一起考查。时态理解错误在考生中是常见的， 把握命题人的意图是至

14、关重要的。【解题思路】1). 先判断所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，2). 谓语动词的话，判断用主动语态还是被动语态，3). 判断用哪种时态（根据时间状语、另一动词或具体的语境、）。4). 确定所填动词的形式，保证谓语动词时态、语态、人称和数的一致。5). 特别注意：时态变化时不规则动词的拼写。考点2 . 非谓语动词(1). Miss Bean expected me to have my own opinion about difficult questions and taught me that _ (think) for oneself was the real key to suc

15、cess in learning.(2). With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ (buy) presents for my dad. (3). _ (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.(4). The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ (carry) out regularly,

16、can improve our health. (5). _ (seat) in your home, your are capable of finding a lot of sources. (6). Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _ (succeed). (7). With the problem _ (solve), I felt proud of my achievement.(8). My pupils, Donnie _ (include

17、), adored her. (9). Therefore, good learning habits can help us gain great learning results (include) high scores and abundant knowledge. (10). The last one _ (arrive) pays the meal. (11). Before _ (come) into the house in Japan, it is good manner to take off your coat. (12). Once _ ( ask), everyone

18、 needs to co-operate without hesitation. (13). From his bag he took out a bowl of _ (boil) rice and started to eat. (14). Then I went to a post office to have them (deliver) by air without delay.(15). Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building

19、 22 . (lie) all over the place. 【小结】 非谓语动词每年必考，至少1道题，主要考查：1). 动名词和不定式做宾语的区别；2). 非谓语动词做宾补的区别；3). 非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。【解题思路】1) 确定非谓语动词；（先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，所给的动词就是非谓语动词） 2) 确定用哪种非谓语动词；（在句子中作什么句子成分，结合固定搭配和习惯用法）3) 确定语态；（结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定填哪种语态）4) 确定用那种时态；（非谓语动词所表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作生的先后关系确定时态）2.括号内提供形容词时首先考

20、虑：形容词变副词。或是一些常见形容词变化如many变much.形容词变副词的基本形式是在其后加ly，或变y为i再加ly，或去e加y或ly。如：quickquickly, happyhappily, necessary necessarily, possiblepossibly, truetruly, simplesimply, terrible terribly。其次考虑：变比较级或最高级。最后考虑：形容词变反义词like-unlike/dislike formal-informal possible-impossible happy-unhappy （2015全国卷I）Abercrombie

21、& Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people livingin Shanghai and Hong Kong. (2016全国卷) The title will be _63_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.（2015全国卷II）In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable

22、is their 43 (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. their是形容词性物主代词，后面要用名词。（2014全国卷I）Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _66_ （clean） than ever. 由than ever可知应用比较级。(1) . Then he started spending money on 37 （necessary）things. When we got togeth

23、er for a meal at a restaurant, Al paid every time. (2). It worked 40._（well）than I had ever imagined, and before long she knew every kids name, and they were all playing taga kind of game! (3). They said their finding was much more 36 (color)than it should have been. (4). I may _（probable）protest lo

24、udly when you try to wake me up.(5). The Old Library today contains about 13,000 manuscripts and more than 800,000 books, and many of them are very _ (value). (6). Only in this way will you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time 9._(proper)(7). When the horse with the bell returns to t

25、he barn each evening, he will stop _ (frequent) to look back, making sure that the other isnt too far behind to hear the bell. (8). He had witnessed too many deaths and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years _ (early), in which 40,000 people were killed, wounded or missing.(9). One of

26、 the _ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. 【小结】 主要考查点是 形容词作定语、形容词和副词的比较级、 形容词和副词的相互转换等。 【解题思路】(1). 先分析句子成分， 作定语、表语、补语等用形容词；修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、或整个句子用副词；注意： 形容词（短语）可作伴随状语或结果状语。(2). 结合上下文，分清句子结构，正确处理级的变化；注意隐含的比较级。(3). 注意特殊的形容词、副词的比较等级的句型。(4) .注意比较级的修饰词: 表“ 稍微”

27、a bit, a little , some , any； 表“-得多” much, very much, far, a great/good deal, by far, a lot ; 表 “ 更加 ” still, even, rather, yet 等以及另外一些表程度的修饰词 （ 序数、 倍数、分数、 百分数等）3.括号内提供名词时首先考虑：复数。注意规则变化和不规则变化。其次考虑：该名词的形容词、副词然后考虑：该名词的动词形式。最后考虑名词所有格。My sisters bag two hoursdrive （2015全国卷I）Id skipped nearby Guilin, a d

28、ream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/whichare pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting). 形容词Chinese后要用名词，many修饰复数。（2015全国卷II）As 49 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be

29、 to make the cycle work on most days.定语位置，用形容词作定语。名词、数词(1). The order in which they finished would decide the order of their 31 （appear）in the Chinese calendar. 【小结】要注意 语境中词性的判断、词的转换、序号和倍数的表示法。广东考题常给出提示词要求用它的正确形式填空【解题思路】1. 判断是否填名词；（一般在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格和一些不定代词后面）；2. 注意名词的活用和具体的考查方式；a ) 考名词的书写方式b ) 单

30、复数变化；c ) 是不可数名词具体化（ 不可数名词在特定的情况下可转化成可数名词）；d ) 名词修饰名词等。派生词（ 词性变换）(1). Most of the _( Africa ) are still living in poverty. (2). Chinas _ ( develop) of economy needs more careful planning. (3). Can you tell me the _ ( long) of the Great Wall ? (4). Im very thankful for your _ ( help ) me. (5). Going o

31、ut for a part-time job can _ ( rich ) ones social experience. (6). He _ ( achievement) a lot in the field of science in the past ten years. (7). The article _ ( simple ) to make it easy for students to understand. (8). Whats the _ ( rich ) businessman in China ? (9). He has become the _( clever ) of

32、 the two. (10). I hope the dream that becoming a _ ( piano) will come true. (11). He is _ ( comfort ) because hes ill. (12). I was sorry to find him _ ( conscious ) of the importance of study.(13). The boy jumped up and down _ ( happy) at the news. (14). The old lady is _ ( extreme ) glad to see her

33、 daughter come back. (15). The lady was broken down by a car . _ ( fortunate ) there was no one nearby. (16). This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ ( nature ) course. (17). Previous research has indicated that “number sense” is _ (base) to humans. (18). _ (lazy), lying, stealing

34、 and so on are all easily formed bad habits.(19). Everyone gets _ (frustrate) sometimes. (20). He was very _ (sleep) and wanted to sleep.【小结】派生词每年都有，要求考生分析句子成分和结构，判断空格考查的词类，再结合上下文和构词法填上适当的词形。【解题思路】词的前后缀，特别是否定前缀。4.括号内提供人称代词one, another, other, both, none, I, we, you等人称首先考虑：主格、宾格的转换其次考虑：形容词物主代词、名词性物主代

35、词、反身代词。形容词物主代词后需要加一个名词，而名词性物主代词单独用。Dress oneself help oneself take care of oneself enjoy oneself （2015 全国卷I）A few hours earlier, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. （2014全国卷II）A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear! Its _49_ （I

36、）.” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. （2016全国卷）On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother.(1) . Some people are very talented, but they just pay little attention to their studies or work. Being lazy, 33 talents

37、 are wasted. (2). Each age has 31 pleasures and pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets. (3). A few years ago, my friend Al won the lottery（彩票）. It changed 31 life. (4). I told her the best way to make friends was to in

38、troduce 33. _ when she met someone new. (5). He hopes that 40 idea of filling “homeness” into nursing homes and inviting the community in will help to “break conventional practice in long term care.” (6).Today, most people no longer take palmistry seriously; 31 are interested in it as a form of ente

39、rtainment.(7). If you still have 40 questions, please come to my office . (8). It will also make 34 possible for them to take their favorite jobs in the future. (9). One day, Mrs. White said to her husband, 33 is not good for Toms health to live in the city all the time. (10). And those who find _ d

40、ifficult to add up the number shouldnt feel too hopeless. 【小结】 广东高考连续四年皆占2 题。常考点：. 不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, somebody, anybody等的用法。. 替代词 it, that, those , one/ ones 的用法。 . it 的特殊用法。 . 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such 等的用法。. 人称代词格的变化。 . 物主代词、反身代词及疑问代词的用法。 【解题思路】 代词代的是人

41、还是物。 代词代的是可数名词还是不可数名词。. 代词代的是特指还是泛指。 . 代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上。. 代词表示的是肯定还是否定概念。. 修饰名词的不定代词（another, the other, many, much, either, neither, both, any, all, each 等）类型2：没有提示词5.考查冠词不定冠词a/an表泛指，定冠词the表特指。主要考查固定短语中的冠词，如agood knowledge of， thesame as等。熟记短语很重要。(1). There was once _31_beautiful girl who ha

42、ted herself because she was blind. (2). Poems have 38 close relationship with our languages.(3). This proverb just means that there is nothing like 31_ urgent need for setting people to work to find a way of meeting it.(4). A couple of months later, on December 10, 38 anniversary of Alfred Nobels de

43、ath, they receive their prizes from the Swedish King a Nobel diploma, a medal, and 10 million Swedish crowns per prize. (5). The mount of Apollo signifies 35 good sense of beauty; of the Moon, a dreamy disposition. (6). A few minutes later, he ran back to his mother and said, I cant find 39 desk.(7)

44、. Lets go to _ cinemathatll take your mind off the problem for a while.(8). He wants to see a much stronger China within _ rest of his life.【小结】冠词是高考的常考点。 若空格后面的名词 或 形容词+ 名词前没有物主代词his/her/my等、不定代some/any/other/another等、名词所有格、指示代词this/that/these/those等限定词时，很可能填冠词。【解题思路】1) . 如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“ 一个 （ 本、种、杯 -）”时，一般填a/an. 如果可翻译成“ 这、这些、那、那些 ”时， 一般填 the .2) . 泛指填aan , 特指填the.3). 如果名词后面有: of 短语、不定式、分词或从句等做定语时可能填the. 【a/an/the用法顺口溜】