英语中的句子成分(共3页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英 语 中 的 句 子 成 分英语句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语。 （一）英语句子中的主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become mo

2、re and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been dec

3、ided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖賃軔朧碍鳝绢。练习：找出下列句子的主语，并说明其性质。1.Jane is good at playing the piano.2.She went out in a hurry.3.Four plus four is eight.4.To see is to believe.5.Smoking is bad for health.6.The young should respect the old.7.What he

4、 has said is true.（二）句子中的谓语成分：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad col

5、d. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. 聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净祸測樅锯鳗鲮。练习：找出下列句子的谓语，并说明其性质。1.I saw the flag on the top of the hill?2.He looked after two orphans.3.He can speak English well. （三）英语句子中的表语成分：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词如be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow

6、,come,残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟婭骒東戇鳖納。go等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobb

7、y（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词）酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥顧荭钯詢鳕驄。 The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 练习：找出下列句子的表语，并说明其性质。1.The apple tastes sweet.2.The war was over.3.They seem to know the truth.4.Time is precious.5.Im not quite

8、 myself today.6.Who was the first?7.He is out of condition.8.The book is what I need.（四）英语句子中的宾语成分：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）

9、 How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么

10、是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. 练习：找出下列句子的宾语，并说明其性质。彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑诒尔肤亿鳔简。1.please pass me the book.2.He bought me some flowers.3.I like my job.4.I love you.5.He wanted to leave here.6.They enjoyed playing computer games.（五）英语句子中

11、的宾语补足语成分：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现

12、在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔點鉍杂篓鳐驱。主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.1.I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.2.The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚卺癩龔长鳏檷。T

13、he student was caught cheating in the exam 3.We made him monitor.He was made monitor.4.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.练习：找出下列句子的宾语补足语，并说明其性质。1.I found the book interesting.2.Do you smell something burning?3.He made himself known to them.4.She asked me to lend her a hand.5.Please ma

14、ke yourself at home.6.Please keep the dog out.7.We must keep it a secret.（六）句子中的定语成分：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词 定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） Our monitor is al

15、ways the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） 茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪镀齐鈞摟鳎饗。There are 54students in our class.数词Do you known bettys sister?名词所有格He bought some sleeping pills.动名词There is a sleeping

16、 baby in bed.现在分词His spoken language is good.过去分词I met a friend on my way home.副词练习：找出下列句子的定语，并说明其性质。1.The girl in red is his sister.2.We have a lot of work to do.3.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴縈诘聾諦鳍皑。4.Do you know the man who spoke just now?5.There is nothing interesti

17、ng in this book.（七）句子中的状语成分：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词)，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plan

18、e.（分词短语） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢? 对喽,就是原因状语) Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs int

19、o the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） 籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨槠挞曉养鳌顿。练习：找

20、出下列句子的状语，并说明其性质。1.I will be back in a while.2.They are playing on the playground.3.He was late because he got up late.4.He got up so late that I missed the train.5.I waited to see you.6.He often went to school by bus.7.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.8.Please call me if it is necessary.9.This

21、 book is very interesting.10.He went to school in spite of his illness.11.He always comes late to school.基本句型主语+系动词+表语（主系表）主语+不及物动词+（其他成分）主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补Exercises:分析句子结构1.You are a student.2.He felt happy today.3.What you said made me happy.4.Could you give me some advi

22、ce on how to learn English well?預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴買闥龅绌鳆現。5.After he finished his homework, he went away.6.He likes pop music.7.I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦鋇絨钞陉鳅陸。8.Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡缝勵罴楓鳄烛。专心-专注-专业