英语语法专业术语-音标版(共4页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语语法专业术语 音标版语法 grammar grm the rules in a language for changing the form of words and joining them into sentences the basic rules of grammr English g句法 syntax sintks the way that words and phrases are put together to form sentences in a language; the rules of grammar for this词法 morpholo

2、gy m:fldi the forms of words, studied as a branch of linguistics结构 structure strkt层次 rank rk 句子 sentence sent()ns从句 clause klz 词组 phrase词类 part of speech单词 word实词 notional word nunl虚词 structural word strkt()r()l 单纯词simple word派生词derivative dirivtiv,drivtiv 派生的；引出的复合词compound kmpaund,kmpaund词性part of

3、 speech名词 noun nan专有名词 proper noun prp普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun kauntbl不可数名词 uncountable noun抽象名词abstract bstrkt noun 具体名词 concrete noun knkri:t 混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的物质名词 material noun mtrl集体名词 collective noun个体名词 individual noun ndvdj()l preposition prepzin a word or group of words, such as i

4、n, from, to, out of and on behalf of, used before a noun or pronoun prnan to show place, position, time or methodconjunction kndkn a word that joins words, phrases or sentences, for example and, but, or动词 verb vb主动词 main verb及物动词 transitive trnstv verb 及物的；过渡的；可迁的 不及物动词 intransitiveintrnsitiv verb 系

5、动词 link verb助动词 auxiliary verb :gziljri情态动词 modal verbmd()l规则动词 regular verb不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal verb freizl,freizl限定动词 finite verb fainait非限定动词 infinite verb infinit使役动词 causative verb k:ztiv感官动词 verb of senses动态动词 event verb静态动词 state verb感叹词 exclamation .eksklmein形容词 adjective dktv副词

6、adverb dvb adverb of manner adverb of degree adverb of time adverb of placeadjunct d(k)t连接性副词 conjunct knd(k)t疑问副词interrogative adverb .intrgtiv关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun prunaun人称代词 personal pronoun物主代词 possessive pronoun pzesiv反身代词 reflexive pronoun rifleksiv相互代词 reciprocal pronoun risiprkl指示代

7、词 demonstrative pronoun dimnstrtiv疑问代词 interrogative pronoun .intrgtiv关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词 indefinite pronoun indefinit,indefnit名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun .diktaivl冠词 article定冠词 definite article definit,defnit不定冠词 indefinite article数词 numeral nju:mr

8、l基数词 cardinal numeral k:dinl,k:dnl序数词 ordinal numeral :dinl,:dnl分数词 fractional numeral frknl形式 form单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form plurl,plurl限定动词 finite verb form fainait非限定动词 non-finite verb form nnfinit原形 base form从句 clause从属句 subordinate clause sb:dineit,sb:dn.eit,sb:dnit并列句 coordinate clause

9、 ku:dneit,ku:dnit,ku:dneit名词从句 nominal clause nminl,nmnl定语从句 attributive clause tribjutiv,tribjtiv状语从句 adverbial clause dv:bil宾语从句 object clause主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive clause pzitiv时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adve

10、rbial clause of concession knsen原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错

11、综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence简单句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence复合句 complex sentence并列复合句 compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence diklrtiv疑问句 interrogative sentence .intrgtiv一般疑问句 general question特殊疑问句 special question选择疑问句 alternative question :lt:ntiv附加疑问句 tag

12、question反义疑问句 disjunctive question disdktiv修辞疑问句 rhetorical question ritrikl感叹疑问句 exclamatory question iksklm.tri,iksklm.turi存在句 existential sentence .egzistenl肯定句 positive sentence基本句型 basic sentence pattern否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence impertiv省略句 elliptical sentence iliptikl感叹句 exc

13、lamatory sentence iksklm.tri,iksklm.turi句子成分 members of sentences主语 subject谓语 predicate predikeit,predikit宾语 object双宾语 dual object dju:l直接宾语 direct object间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object kg.neit补语 complement kmplimnt,kmpl.ment,kmplmnt主补 subject complement宾补 object complemen

14、t表语 predicative pridi.ktiv,predi.keitiv定语 attribute tribju:t,tribju:t,tribjut,tr.bju:t同位语 appositive pzitiv状语 adverbial dv:bil句法关系syntactic relationship sintktik并列 coordinate ku:dneit,ku:dnit,ku:dneit从属 subordination sb.:dinein,sb.:dnein修饰 modification .mdifikein,.mdfkein前置修饰 pre-modification .mdifi

15、kein,.mdfkein后置修饰 post-modification .mdifikein,.mdfkein限制 restriction ristrikn双重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction数 number单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form规则形式 regular form不规则形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case宾格 objective case bdektiv性 gender dend阳性 ma

16、sculine mskjulin,mskjlin阴性 feminine feminin,femnin通性 common中性 neuter nju:t人称 person第一人称 first person第二人称 second person第三人称 third person时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense一般现在时 present simple tense一般过去时 past simple tense一般将来时 future sim

17、ple tense现在完成时 past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时 present continuous tense过去进行时 past continuous tense将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 ac

18、tive voice被动语态 passive voice语气 mood陈述语气 indicative mood indiktiv祈使语气 imperative mood impertiv虚拟语气 subjunctive mood sbdktiv否定 negation nigein否定范围 scope of negation skup全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation p:l转移否定 shift of negation语序 order自然语序 natural order倒装语序 inversion inv:n全部倒装 full inversion部分倒

19、装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech自由间接引语 free indirect speech一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement predikeit语法一致 grammatical agreement grmtikl概念一致 notional agreement nunl就近原则 principle of proximity prksimiti,prksimti强调 emphasis emfsisemphasize e

20、mfsaiz,emf.saiz 重复 repetition .repitin语音 pronunciation语调 tone升调 rising tone降调 falling tone降升调 falling-rising tone文体 style正式文体 formal非正式文体 informal口语 spoken/oral English套语 formulistic expression f:mjulistik英国英语 British English美国英语 American English用法 usage感情色彩 emotional coloring klri褒义 commendatory kmendtri,kmend.turi贬义 derogatory dirgtri,dirg.turi幽默 humorous hju:mrs讽刺 sarcastic s:kstik挖苦 ironic airnikdirect object bdektn. the object that receives the direct action of the verbIn She wrote a letter, the verb wrote is transitive and the word letter is the direct object.专心-专注-专业